These causes will change the heart significantly. The pathophysiology of heart failure is described differently as: (1) an oedematous disorder, by means of which the deviations in renal hemodynamics and excretory ability lead to salt and water holding; (2) a hemodynamic disorder, considered by peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output; (3) a neurohormonal disorder, mainly by stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and adrenergic nervous system; (4) an inflammatory syndrome, related with amplified local and circulation pro-inflammatory cytokines; (5) a myocardial disease, started with an damage to the heart trailed by pathological ventricular transformation. In heart failure, the heart sustains either a sudden or longstanding structural injury. When damage occurs, sequences of firstly compensatory but consequently maladaptive mechanisms follow (Henry & Abraham, ).
Congestive Heart Failure is a weakness in a person’s heart leading to fluid buildups in lungs and other body tissues surrounding it. About half of people who develop heart failure die within 5 years of diagnosis. Around six million people in the US have Congestive heart failure, and it is a cause of almost 55,000 deaths per year. In order to steer clear of Congestive Heart Failure you must be aware of the causes, symptoms, and even treatments which show new opportunities for people with the disease.
Congestive heart failure is a progressive disease that causes weakening of the heart and cardiovascular system. It develops when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the demands of the body’s other organs. CHF is a progressive disorder that not only affects the heart, but other organs such as the lungs, the kidneys (Congestive Heart Failure in the Elderly, 2009, p. 1). Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a very common disease among the elderly. Diagnosis may be challenging since distinctive signs are often absent or masked in older people. Though there is no cure for CHF, it can be managed well with lifestyle changes and treatment so many seniors return to a full life. The other problem is elderly patients with heart failure may have ot...
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is defined as a clinical syndrome in which the heart fails to propel blood forward normally, resulting in congestion in the pulmonary and/or systemic circulation and diminished blood flow to the tissues due to reduced cardiac output. (Berkow, M.D.) The result is that the heart does not pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. CHF can be caused by a variety of conditions that affect the heart such as: diseases or substances that weaken the heart muscle such as heart attacks, infections, or toxins; diseases that cause stiffening of the heart muscle such as hemochromatosis, amyloidosis, coronary artery disease, and long term hypertension; and diseases that increase the oxygen demand by the body tissue beyond the capability of the heart to deliver oxygen-rich blood as in hyperthyroidism or anemia. (Kulick, M.D., and Shiel Jr., M.D.) CHF can affect many different organs including the heart, lungs, liver, intestines, and subcutaneous tissues. Symptoms of CHF are widely varied but may include fatigue, edema especially of the ankles and legs, shortness of breath with minimal exertion, and inability to lay flat due to reduced respiratory capacity. Increased urination may occur, especially at night, and due to accumulations of fluid in the liver and intestines nausea, abdominal pain and decreased appetite may result. (Kulick, M.D., and Shiel Jr., M.D.) Although CHF is an equal opportunity disease, there are some differences noted between men and women, one of which is that women tend to develop CHF later in life than men. Women more frequently develop diastolic heart failure rather than systolic. Women often suffer more noticeable shortness of breath and swelling of the ankles than do men, and in g...
The purpose of the heart is to pump blood to all the body parts to nourish it. Heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped working, but it means that the heart us not able to pump effectively to meet the needs of the body. When there is a defect in the heart or if it gets weaker than normal the heart is not able to pump blood into the circulation. Our body depends on the pumping action of the heart for the delivery of oxygen an nutrients to body parts in order to function properly.
Quaglietti, S. E., Edwin, J., Ackerman, L., & Froeliher, V. (2000, November/December). Management of the Patient with Congestive Heart Failure Using Outpatient, Home and Palliative Care. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 43(3), 259-274. Retrieved from www.cardiology.org/recentpapers/susiechf:pdf
The pathophysiology of congestive heart failure is a viscous cycle. It starts out by some form of heart destruction or weakening of the heart muscle, usually caused by clogged arteries due to coronary artery disease or increased pressure on the left ventricular wall from chronic long term hypertension. This dwindling of the heart decreases stroke volume. The Medical Dictionary for Health Professionals and Nurses (2012) defines stroke volume as the volume pumped out of one ventricle of the heart in a single beat. So when stroke volume goes down, cardiac output also goes down. Medicinenet.com (2016) defines cardiac output as the amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute, they describe that a normal adult has a cardiac output of 4.7 liters (5 quarts)
1. What are the compensatory mechanisms that occur when a patient has heart failure?
Sympathetic nervous stimulation: This compensatory mechanism is the first one.
Heart Failure (HF) is prevalent disorder that affected 6.6 million people in the United Sates during 2010 (Patarroyo-Aponte & Colvin-Adams, 2014). The heart lacks the ability to push oxygenated blood throughout the cardiovascular system. This disorder prevents vital organs from getting the oxygen needed in order to perform their duties as well. The disorder must be managed and maintained since HF is a disorder that not only affects the heart but respiratory system, endocrine system, digestive system and all other system (Chiarugi, Colantonio, Emmanouilidou, Martinelli, Moroni, & Salvetti, 2010). Heart failure is a serious disorder is which expected to increase by 25% by the year 2030. To coincide with the people diagnosed with heart failure, 50% of these people will die within the 5 years of being diagnosed (Patarroyo-Aponte & Colvin-Adams, 2014). With these numbers of diagnoses and mortality puts a strain on the quality of healthcare, cost of healthcare and workflow of healthcare system. However, the earlier the patient can be diagnosed with heart failure will help decrease mortality rates, hospital stays and cost of treatments. One of the ways of early detection for heart failure is by the implementation of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) into a healthcare facility.
Leslie and Buckley (2010) stated that the population they studied was Caucasian males and females between the ages of 47 and 81 years of age. There were twenty two total participants 18 were male and 4 were female. The intervention was identified as