The General Prologue of the Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer sets the stage for the story, introducing us to all 30 pilgrims that are travelling together to Canterbury, England. Chaucer is both Author and Narrator of The Canterbury Tales, who also happens to be one of the pilgrims, describes the 30 characters in good detail in the prologue. Among them is a Monk that appears to be everything that a monk is not supposed to be. One who is also proud of the fact that he is not the model of the old monastic ways that monks typically dedicate their lives too. Monks would usually be a religious figure identified as a member of the “Clergy”, or “Church” estate in this estates satire, but is he depicted to be more of an aristocrat than a man of the church by Chaucer. The irony and contrasting point of view of the monk by Chaucer brings to light the moral, aristocratic, and religious corruption of society during this time period.
We are introduced to the monk early on in the prologue, Chaucer painting a picture of a manly man who loves to hunt with his numerous horses and greyhounds, sparing no expense for the sport that he loved. He starts off by saying, “A MONK there was, one of the finest sort, / An outrider; hunting was his sport; /A manly man, to be an abbot able. / Very many excellent horses had he in stable” (165 – 168). And later dives further into is hunting pride when he describes is glorious greyhounds, “Greyhounds he had, as fast as a bird in flight. / Since riding and the hunting of the hare / Were all his love, for no cost would he spare (190 - 192). A monk is to be a religious man who dedicates his life to serving all other living things, chooses to live outside the mainstreams of modern society and live his life...
... middle of paper ...
...y case (193 – 200).
The lasting portrait of the monk is a result of Chaucer’s satire, illustrating the hypocrisy of the religious figures in the tale. He lives an easy and luxurious life, close to that of a nobleman, ignoring the monastic guidelines set forth by Saint Benedict who defines a life full of prayer, hard work and depravity. He is almost stately, who defends his way of life by claiming to be a modern man who intends to leave the ways of the past behind him and define a new way of life for monks. He appears to have chosen to be a monk to attach himself closer to the highborn way of life so that he could reap the benefits of being closely associated to their aristocratic practices. This has enabled him to live the life that he truly wants to live, a luxury he may not have been afforded if he had chosen to be associated to the peasant estate in this tale.
Tuite's only fault in this article is perhaps that she tries to tackle too much. (Something else I'm discovering as I try to summarize it.) Essentially, she tries to prove the existence of visible homoerotic elements in The Monk, and their link to antiCatholicism. No small feat. She quotes Coleridge in his review of The Monk as saying, the novel blends "with an irreverent negligence, all that is most awfully true in religion with all that is most ridiculously absurd in superstition" (1). The reason this is problematic for Coleridge, according to Tuite, is that it reveals the inherent hypocrisy in the English Church, that is, that the Church condemns, with superstitious intensity, the rituals and superstitions of the Catholic Church. Coleridge fears, "Lewis' contamination of Protestantism by Catholicism" (2). Since at this time a great deal of the English State/Church depended on the assumption that Catholicism was low and wrong and Protestantism the ultimate right, the parallels drawn between Protestantism and Catholicism by Lewis were ...
Chaucer uses the prologue to the Monk's Tale as one more opportunity for satiric, self-referential comedy. Within the story he is a necessarily opaque character. Significantly, the Host assumes that Chaucer is, at best, a mid-ranking government official and not an artist capable of constructing a landmark piece of literature such as the Canterbury Tales.
"The word 'monk' comes from the greek 'Monakos' which means 'alone'. In the beginning it stood for ascetic who was not married and lived alone. Cenobites did not use this word. However it quickly acquired a deeper meaning: a person who is 'one' in his inmost being. It means a person united within himself, a person with a single gaze, a single desire."
Chaucer aptly creates a picture that exposes how materialistic the clergy is. They all should be concerned with spiritual matters, yet they focus their attention on acquiring more mundane goods. The Monk makes no pretense of being poor and without luxuries. "I saw his sleeves were garnished at the hand with fine gray fur, the finest in the land, and on his hood, to fasten it at his chin he had a wrought-gold, cunningly fashioned pin. . ." (197-200, 110). Not only is this monk fat, and thus quite well fed, he has the money to afford details such as fur on his cloak. He is looking for attention by having such fine things. His station as a monk, however, requires him not only to work with the poor, but to be poor himself. Obviously, he is not following this requirement, much like the Prioress. Madam Eglantyne, appears at first glance to be proper for her station in life. However, a closer examination reveals "she wore a coral trinket on her arm, a set of beads, the gaudies tricked in green, whence hung a golden brooch of brightest sheen" (162-64, 109). A golden brooch serves no other purpose than being decorative. The Prioress has no...
Early Christian monasticism derived from individuals whom fled to the deserts of Egypt in order to practice their faith. The monk, in attribute to the private nature of these first worshippers, is Greek for the word monachos, meaning “solitary”. These individuals, both men and women, were considered to be hermits and in addition to living alone, were under strict moral codes that enabled them from obtaining spouses, eating meat, and drinking wine. They simply devoted themselves to the Lord. These early worshippers were the foundation for the very first organized monasticism. The fourth century was the forthcoming of coenobitic monasticism. These communal monks followed Pachomius’ “rule”, which were a collection of governing guidelines that controlled daily life. They adopted this life in order to for “disciplining of body and spirit to foster contemplation of God”. The monks followed strict diet, prayer, and work procedures. Their living quarters were simple and their dress consisted of solely habits. These monks woke in the darkness of morning for prayer and weaved baskets...
In The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, the stereotypes and roles in society are reexamined and made new through the characters in the book. Chaucer discusses different stereotypes and separates his characters from the social norm by giving them highly ironic and/or unusual characteristics. Specifically, in the stories of The Wife of Bath and The Miller’s Tale, Chaucer examines stereotypes of women and men and attempts to define their basic wants and needs.
There are many similarities between William Shakespeare’s Othello and Geoffrey Chaucer’s Pardoner, out of his collection of tales entitled The Canterbury Tales. The stories can be compared to each other in different ways. The two most prominent themes in the stories are found in love and deception. The two themes are centered on the idea that tricking someone into trust will gain a person their own desires. The antagonists in both Othello and “The Pardoner’s Tale” are men that have one objective and they use any means necessary to accomplish their selfish and personal pursuit. The stories of both Othello and The Miller’s tale have a trifecta of characters that keep the stories in motion; the similarities between the two stories have very parallel plot structure. They both contain a power struggle, regardless if it is for personal gain between two men over one woman, in relation to how this woman can grant them their desires, or whether it is for the pursuit to get away with their villainous ply for material possessions. Whether it is love, power, or sex. Geoffrey Chaucer’s Pardoner, from The Canterbury Tales, and William Shakespeare’s Iago, from Othello, are both good examples of misleading and deceptive characters. These two literary figures techniques of manipulation are acutely effective on the other characters in Chaucer’s and Shakespeare’s works.
The Canterbury Tales is more than an amusing assortment of stories; it is an illustration of the society in which Geoffrey Chaucer lived. It portrays the culture and class system of the medieval ages in microcosm. Every strata of human life at the time were represented by the many characters whose tales are told. Each character’s basic human nature also plays a role in their stories, and each one has within them the strengths and weaknesses that make up all of humanity. Each character exemplifies their life and reputation through the stories they tell. The Pardoner uses his tale as a ploy to garner money. His tale embodies each deadly sin, and every reader can relate to his story and feel the guilt of his characters. The Wife of Bath’s tale expresses her own ideals in the way her character is given a second chance after committing a crime. The Franklin’s tale, because of its straightforwardness and honesty is a direct representation of the Franklin’s simple and joyful life. Each character tells a tale that is a suitable match to their personality. These characters’ tales represent prevalent themes of the middle ages, including greed, corruption of religious clergymen, violence, revenge, and social status. In Chaucer’s society, the traditional feudal system was losing its importance and the middle class began to emerge. The middle class characters within the Canterbury Tales, with their personal lives and interactions with members of differing social classes, gave an understanding of the growth of society, especially the rising middle class, during medieval times.
An interesting aspect of the famous literary work, "The Canterbury Tales," is the contrast of realistic and exaggerated qualities that Chaucer entitles to each of his characters. When viewed more closely, one can determine whether each of the characters is convincing or questionable based on their personalities. This essay will analyze the characteristics and personalities of the Knight, Squire, Monk, Plowman, Miller, and Parson of Chaucer's tale.
The Canterbury Tales, written by Chaucer, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by an anonymous author, are both sophisticated fourteenth-century examples of medieval romance. Medieval romances captured the heart of their audiences as narratives and stories that featured a protagonist, often a knight, and dealt with religious allegories, chivalry, courtly love, and heroic epics. The concept of the knight emerged from the remnants of the Anglo-saxon literature and ideals and influence of the Christian religion and church. There is a distinct difference between the famous pagan heroic like Beowulf and the romantic medieval tales like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight of the Canterbury Tale. The Anglo-Saxon hero Beowulf exemplified qualities expected of warriors who could attain kingship by their heroism and battle deeds. They possessed the qualities of valor, military prowess, generosity, and honor. The hero fights for the survival of their tribe and nation, and it is in battle that the mettle of the epic hero is ultimately tested. The romantic conventions , influenced by Christianity and French ideals, created a new chivalric knight who sets out on a trial or adventure. They possessed similar qualities to their epic hero counterparts – valor, loyalty, honor, and skill in battle – but differed in knowing temperance, courtesy towards women, and courtly skills. The hero is no longer fighting for his people but for his ideals. By the 14th century, The Tale of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Canterbury Tales have began to criticize the notion of chivalry which had become old and obsolete in their society; the idealization of chivalry practiced by knights could longer withstand the complexities and indeterminateness of situa...
The monk receives some scathing sarcasm in Chaucer’s judgment of his new world ways and the garments he wears “With fur of grey, the finest in the land; Also, to fasten hood beneath his chin, He had of good wrought gold a curious pin: A love-knot in the larger end there was.” (194-197, Chaucer). The Friar is described as being full of gossip and willing to accept money to absolve sins, quite the opposite of what a servant of God should be like. Chaucer further describes the friar as being a frequenter of bars and intimate in his knowledge of bar maids and nobles alike. The friar seems to be the character that Chaucer dislikes the most, he describes him as everything he should not be based on his profession. The Pardoner as well seems to draw special attention from Chaucer who describes him as a man selling falsities in the hopes of turning a profit “But with these relics, when he came upon Some simple parson, then this paragon In that one day more money stood to gain Than the poor dupe in two months could attain.” (703-706, Chaucer). Chaucer’s description of the pardoner paints the image of a somewhat “sleazy” individual “This pardoner had hair as yellow as wax, But lank it hung as does a strike of flax; In wisps hung down such locks as he 'd on head, And with them he his shoulders overspread; But thin they dropped, and stringy, one by one.” (677-681,
In the “General Prologue” of The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer indirectly denounces the church describing that they are corrupt, greedy, hypocritical, and selective. The people that have some sort of relation to the church are The Prioress, The Nun, The Priest, The Friar, The Monk, The Parson, The Summoner and The Pardoner. The “General Prologue describes each of the pilgrims and their general traits. Some characters are described more than others because of the fact that Chaucer likes people who are affluent, beautiful and noble. The problem with some of the characters that were described by Chaucer is that they were negatively viewed based on stereotypes and appearance. Overall, Chaucer wants the readers to know that the church people are corrupt and deceptive. Chaucer wants the reader to understand that most of the church people do not live their life by the holy book.
The characters are on a pilgrimage which is a clear indicator that the text is of religious genre. The Catholic Church, at the time, was losing many followers due to the Black Death and their lack of faith in the importance of the church. The Summoner and the Pardoner, who both represent the Catholic Church, are both described as greedy, corrupt, and abusive. This is a direct correlation to how Chaucer and many others felt about the Catholic Church during this period. The Monk and the Prioress are not described as being corrupt like the Summoner and the Pardoner; however they are described as falling short of what is considered ideal for people of their position. They both are described as being in a depressed state. Also bot...
The Prologue to The Canterbury Tales is a masterpiece of satire due to the frequent use of verbal irony and insults towards the characters and their roles in society. A major source of Irony is Chaucer’s representation of the Church. He uses the Prioress, the Monk and the Friar, who are all supposed to be holy virtuous people to represent the Church. In his writing he suggests that they are actually corrupt, break their vows and in no way model the “holiness” of Christianity.
we see how Chaucer the pilgrim has been swayed and convinced by what the other pilgrims tell him. So much so that he reports qualities that are often the opposite of the true personalities of the characters he is describing. This ambiguity reveals a very clever sort of irony on behalf of the writer - while Chaucer the pilgrim is easily drawn in by their deliberate misrepresentations, it is up to the readers to see how wrong he is and draw their own, more accurate, conclusions. It shows many of the pilgrims to be very different people than those symbolised by the ideal qualities they want others to see.