Engineers made the Canadarm suitable so that it would be able to withstand the intensities of space. They used materials such as titanium, stainless steel and graphite epoxy. These materials allowed the shuttle to be durable and strong. Titanium in particular has a high strength to weight ratio [10]. This means that it is a light metal but yet very strong. Therefore, since the Canadarm was made of titanium, it allowed the export of this shuttle to space at a lower cost compared to if the shuttle was made of a heavier metal. Shipping items to space costs about $22,000 for a kilogram of material to reach the earth’s orbit [9]. Since the Canadarm weighed about 410 kilograms [3], the exporting of this shuttle would cost about $9,020,000 just for taking the shuttle to the earth’s orbit, without factoring in the cost of the material and the cost of the labour. This price is fairly low since the materials making up the Canadarm are light. The atomic mass of titanium is about 47.87 [3]. This explains why it’s fairly cheap to export a material of this element.
Other materials used for the Canadarm are aramid fibers [1] such as Kevlar [7]. This aerospace material is also used in bulletproof vests [12]. These aramid fibers are fibers in which the chain molecules are highly oriented along the fiber axis, so the strength of the chemical bond can be exploited [1]. Kevlar is also flame resistant [12] which bolds well in space due to the extreme heat from the solar winds. Kapton is another one of the materials used by spacecrafts. This material has the ability to sustain itself and be stable in many different temperatures such as -269 to 400 °C. Since Space is a vacuum the temperature is intense, therefore this material is well suited for counter...
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...groups. Zirconium is also a is a refractory metal [8], allowing protection from solar wind. This element is inexpensive compared to titanium. This factor makes up for the money that it would take to send a Canadarm made of zirconium to space. Since the atomic mass of zirconium is about 91.22 [13], it is about 1.91 times the atomic mass of titanium. This means that the zirconium made Canadarm would be about 1.91 times greater than the titanium made Canadarm, resulting in a total weight of about 783.1 kg. Since the shipping cost to space is about $22,000 per kg [9], the zirconium Canadarm will cost $17,228,200. This seems almost double the price but actually zirconium ends up cheaper than the titanium made Canadarm. This is mainly because purchasing titanium is about five times the cost of zirconium, so with a zirconium made Canadarm, the savings end up greater than
Introduction: Have you ever wanted to come to Canada? If you are planning to come, have you wondered where in Canada you want to go? Well there are lots of amazing places in Canada but the Canadian Shield is the best! The Canadian Shield is one of the 7 Canadian landforms, the Canadian Shield is the largest landform and covers most of Canada. The Canadian Shield covers about 5 million km square (Bastedo J. 2006 Para 2.
Quebec’s social identity and defining characteristics contradict and conflict with those of rest of Canada. Since the genesis of our country, the political, social disagreements, and tensions between Quebec and the rest of Canada have been unavoidable. Utilizing Hiller’s key contradictions in the analysis of a Canadian society, we will compare and contrast the nature of the societal identity in Quebec compared to that of rest of Canada, emphasising on the major differences and tensions between the province and the rest of the country.
The Cold War was a period of tension between the USSR and the US; although at one point the Soviet Union and the United States were allies due to the enemy they had in common, Nazi Germany. The Cold War was not an actual physical war, only the Korean War was the physical war. This time of tension started due to distrust between the two nations. Canada as a founding member of NATO played a significant role in the Cold War, and contributed greatly during the period of tension. As well as NATO, Canada was also heavily involved in many other aspects of the Cold War such as NORAD, the Korean War, and the Gouzenko case.
The history of Canada was flooded with many influential and incredible events, particularly during World War 1 and World War 2. During the 20th century, Canada got more involved in worldwide events. It was a very important period for Canada; it was where they gained their independence and progressed as a country. After this century, Canada was considered an important and powerful country. The three main 20th century events in Canadian history are the battle of Vimy Ridge, the change of woman’s rights and the battle of Juno Beach.
Canada’s ability to maintain a healthy income is important, for without it, Canada’s economy would not be functional. This is where Canada’s three main exports come into play. In 2013, Canada earned 133 billion dollars in exporting Mineral products, 123 billion dollars of that coming from mineral fuels, oils, products of their distillation, bituminous substances, and mineral waxes (Ibid.). With such a booming mineral industry, Canada receives a large income from mining that can be invested in schools, jobs, public projects, and many other important areas . Also, the earnings can be devoted towards small businesses looking to expand by using government funding programs, which helps support and expand Canadian economy (Mentor Works). Overall the money is used for activities that support the Canadian economy and make numerous people’s lives better.
The post-war time was a period where major changes were occurring. After being involved in two international conflicts, Canada was ready to reestablish their economy. During this time, Canada had started working on ways to become stronger and reputable. It is evident that Canada had matured through the post-war era. Canada’s economic progress left a positive impact on the growth of the country as consumerism became popular, and economic ties with America became stronger. Moreover, the removal of racial and ethical barriers contributed to Canadian social affairs such as the huge wave of immigration and the baby boom. The Canadian government also had become more aware and involved in issues impacting Canadian citizens. Canada as a whole started identifying itself as an independent nation and participating in events that brought a positive reputation amongst them. These economical, social, and legal changes helped Canada mature into the country it is today.
Ultimately, however, it is Canadian exporters of all sizes and in all industries that make this relationship as successful as it is. In 2003, Canada exported approximately C$365 billion worth of goods and services to the U.S., while it imported nearly C$280 billion from its southern neighbour. In fact, U.S. exporters sold more goods to Canada in 2003 than they did to the European Union.
Canada ruled the 20th century through science and technology and advanced more than any other country in this time period. Prime Minister Laurier was correct when he stated in his speech “that it is Canada that shall fill the 20th century.” Technology and science were one of the huge factors for Canada being a successful country compare to the world. In technology and science, there were many inventions that were developed in Canada that wowed the world and made Canada feel incredible. Even though war is sad and cruel, the crazy need to survive and the confidence to strive for success has made Canada’s technology and science advance greatly. During the near closing point of the 20th century, Canada’s environment and living is being more advanced and they are thinking about the future generations to come.
The Canadians supplied their allies with many different machine guns. Canadians, out of scratch, built industries to make machinery. The Canadian industry produced 43,000 field, naval, and anti-aircraft guns, as well 1,700,000 small arms. By the end of the Second World War, the British were armed with 60 percent Canadian made weapons. Canada not only helped gain the loss of military weapons, but
It is five times stronger, yet the same weight as steel. Kevlar Aramid fiber is an improved material, which is an extremely lightweight, man-made organic fiber. Kevlar fiber has a combination of properties, which have made Kevlar a very useful material. These include, high strength, low weight, high chemical resistance and high cut resistance. This material does not corrode or rust and is also unaffected when placed in or under water.
With the good times of the 1920's, came the most astouding number of consumer inventions Canada had ever seen. From 1923 to 1929, many Canadians had full-time jobs and regular paychecks. And with the growing amount of media advertising, Canadians were swepted away with the amount of flyers and catalouges filled with new products to buy and enjoy. Though some were invented by Canadians, most came from America. Inventions such as; the Refridgerator, Air Conditioner, Washing Machine and the pop-up toaster, were in thousands of Canadian homes by 1929. As stated by Bill Bryson, “[Americans] were, for one thing, so smitten with the idea of progress that they invented things without having any idea whether those things would be of any use.” Americans invented so many things during the Booming 20's, that Canadians wee overwhelmed, but one invention revolutionized Canada forever, the automobile. The automobile was huge success in Canada, not only commerically, but its commerical mass production on assembly lines generated hundreds of jobs with good living salaries. By 1929, a large amount of Canadians families owned an automobile and close to 600 000 kilometres of roads were paved within Canada. The American...
Around the world, countries came together to support each other in critical times. This would be called an alliance. For example, Canada and The United States have both stepped in for each other when it was needed. Americans created a large impact on Canadians for centuries, but Canadians having little impact on the United States. Given the difference of size and power of the two countries, the relationship generates tension. In 1914, millions of Canadians and Americans had taken Britain’s side in World War I and World War II. There were lots of military relations between the two for a long period of time, but after 1958 they have been cooperating with military forces. The military collaboration continued throughout the Cold War, bilaterally
Many scholars have a notion that children and teens are highly susceptible to being influenced by the media due to their lack of real world experiences (Scharrer, 1957). With such a high population of young people in Canada we must be aware of the content broadcasted through mass media to encourage a more “Canadian” youth. Canadian television, films, and radio alike are often compared to that of American media, which contains highly identifiably American substance. Thus, Canadian identity and culture is greatly influenced by content derived from the USA. Otherwise, Canada has rich and diverse culture with its own economic systems, political ideologies and processes, ways of life and social mores (StatsCan, 2013). Therefore, it is up to Canadian regulations to motivate its citizens towards embracing a more Canadian identity and deter from Americanization. This paper will explore ways in which the Canadian music industry will help define and influence national identity as well as the political and societal benefits that will accompany implemented regulations. . Regulations of Canadian content defined using the MAPL system should be implemented by the CRTC to support Canadian ingenuity, values, and politics in order to form a more homogenous Canadian identity through music.
Have you ever wondered which events in Canadian history have been the most significant in shaping Canadian identity? Many significant events in the twentieth century left a lasting legacy for Canada. Canada would not be the culturally rich, prosperous and progressive nation that it is today, without its immigration patterns in the past. World War I (WWI) was also a significant event as it united Canada and left behind a legacy of sacrifice and national pride. Economic development during the post war period contributed to Canadian success nationally and globally. Immigration, WWI and economic development were significant events in Canadian twentieth century history. Each event brought new and powerful
Also somewhat unique but is gradually finding its way into the commercial side of aviation is the use of high composite materials along with exotic metals used in the effort to not only strengthen, but to lighten the overall weight of the airframe.