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The global pharmaceutical industry essay answer
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Government Collaboration: In the scholarly book, “TRIPS, Pharmaceutical Patents and Access to Essential Medicines: Seattle, Doha and Beyond”, Hoen describes the need and uses of patents in the pharmaceutical industry. The World Trade Organization and Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement help facilitate the ever growing industry. In order to protect intellectual property, these organizations set out patents to these companies. The article states that there are many drawbacks such as how patents increase the price of these drugs and limiting its consumers ability to acquire them. The source is outdated, as it was published in 2006, but it was helpful in understanding the way patents are incorporated in this industry. The insight from the pharmaceutical patents book allowed me to understanding the next book about the business aspect of the pharmaceutical industry. In the book, “Pricing, Profits, and Technological Progress in the Pharmaceutical Industry”, Scherer discusses the business of pharmaceuticals in the United States. The necessity of medicines throughout the world is a driving force of this sustaining industry. The U.S. health care costs in 2013 was 17.1% of the gross domestic product. The significance of this is that it is the second highest only to Tuvalu, which only has a population of 9,876. This high cost of pharmaceuticals leaves the people of the United States with an economic burden. Although being a country that is a world leader, the U.S. continues to struggle in the ability to provide sufficient medication to everyone in need of them. In the book, “International Pharmaceuticals,” Gary Banks delves into the factors of the international pharmaceutical industry. He discusses the roles of g... ... middle of paper ... ...needs, pharmaceutical purchasing must be able to contribute to the efficiency and equity objectives of health sector reform. Social responsibility is a key term to consider whenever discussing any business. The pharmaceutical companies themselves are only focused on creating the highest amount of profit and sometimes that conflicts with the purpose of the product itself. Without the pills the patients are unable to obtain the treatment necessary to overcome the medical issue at hand. Pharmaceutical companies and government organizations will have to realize the immense problem that the general public faces due the people’s inability to acquire these drugs. Research Question: How does the manipulation of intellectual protection and the consequences of monopolistic companies affect pricing of pharmaceutical drugs in the United States compared to the rest of the world?
(7) Hall B. Patents and Patent Policy -. 2007. The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the Morse H. SETTLEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DISPUTES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL DEVICE INDUSTRIES: ANTITRUST RULES. Allison JR, Lemley MA, Moore KA, Trunkey RD. Valuable patents. Geol.
According to Harry A. Sultz and Kristina M. Young, the authors of our textbook Health Care USA, medical care in the United States is a $2.5 Trillion industry (xvii). This industry is so large that “the U.S. health care system is the world’s eighth
"In the past two decades or so, health care has been commercialized as never before, and professionalism in medicine seems to be giving way to entrepreneurialism," commented Arnold S. Relman, professor of medicine and social medicine at Harvard Medical School (Wekesser 66). This statement may have a great deal of bearing on reality. The tangled knot of insurers, physicians, drug companies, and hospitals that we call our health system is not as unselfish and focused on the patients' needs as people would like to think. Pharmaceutical companies are particularly ruthless, many of them spending millions of dollars per year to convince doctors to prescribe their drugs and to convince consumers that their specific brand of drug is needed in order to cure their ailments. For instance, they may present symptoms that are perfectly harmless, and lead potential citizens to believe that, because of these symptoms, they are "sick" and in need of medication.
The United States of America accounts for only 5% of the world’s population, yet as a nation, we devour over 50% of the world’s pharmaceutical medication and around 80% of the world’s prescription narcotics (American Addict). The increasing demand for prescription medication in America has evoked a national health crisis in which the government and big business benefit at the expense of the American public.
In America, it has become a battle to earn a high paying job to cope with the expenses of a typical American. It has become even more of a battle for some people to afford medical prescriptions to keep healthy. Health becomes a crucial issue when discussed among people. No matter what, at one point or another, everyone is going to stand as a victim of the pharmaceutical industry. The bottom line is Americans are paying excessive amounts of money for medical prescriptions. Health-Care spending in the U.S. rose a stunning 9.3% in 2002, which is the greatest increase for the past eleven years. (Steele 46) Many pharmaceutical companies are robbing their clients by charging extreme rates for their products.
3Walker, Hugh: Market Power and Price levels in the Ethical Drug Industry; Indiana University Press, 1971, P 25.
With prescription drug prices continually on the rise, especially in recent years, many have posed the question of how to control them. In their article “Why Don’t We Enforce Existing Drug Price Controls? The Unrecognized and Unenforced Reasonable Pricing Requirements Imposed upon Patents Deriving in Whole or in Part from Federally Funded Research,” Peter Arno and Michael Davis address and pose a solution to this long standing and hotly debated issue. The piece is an article published in 2001 as part of a student edited journal from Tulane Law University titled “The Tulane Law Review.” Although written in 2001, the problems addressed in this article hold the same, if not more merit than they did when the article
The medical industry, with one of its sole purposes is to keep us safe and alive is killing America at an ever quickening speed. As a society we have discovered and created vaccinations, medical equipment, medications and treatments which are able to prevent diseases and save peoples’ lives from so many different dangerous situations under the sun. Recently the hand of greed has reared its ugly face in the form of drug companies like Mylan, the sole producer of the Epinephrine auto-injector, EpiPen.
The time and cost it takes to put a drug through the trials as well as the FDA’s regulations make the rarely successful process a huge commitment for these drug companies. Next, the author compares the cost of drugs to the amount of lawsuits the companies receive. There are many risks to mass-producing drugs and with the FDA siding with Public Safety, the author states that drug companies can lose a lot of money. This is because the FDA is not willing to take any risks in approving drugs due to the repercussions being so severe, The final idea the author discusses is the process of research itself. The drug companies revenue is put towards developing new drugs that will help the public. This can be a very costly process which is why a lot of money is needed to support the research. Epstein’s purpose in writing this article is to defend the rising costs of pharmaceutical drugs in order to get people to understand the drug companies point of view and contributions to society. This article can be considered credible because it comes from Opposing Viewpoints in Context. This is a very reliable database for gathering
This article deals with the politics and the various debates involved in the field of pharmaceutical industry in reference to the lifesaving medicines and treatments. It is hardly a contested fact that there is something wrong in the way the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry works; keeping in mind that the prime objective of both the institutions is a moral one, one that involves the lives of many, i.e. insuring proper health and access to life saving drugs. Let us now take a glimpse at the story of Ron Woodroof, also shown in the Oscar winning movie, Dallas Buyers’ Club (2013), to have a basic understanding of the topic.
Patent rights, usually lasting up to 20 years before expiration, allow the pharmaceutical company which produced the drug, the right and ability to sell it. These patents create a temporary monopoly which allowing firms who paid for production to make a profit for their investment. Generally after the patent has expired, the drug is then mass produced under generic labeling, and is often much cheaper and accessible than was the patented version. But throughout the duration of the patent, availability of the drug has become a large problem. With only one company having exclusive rights in marketing and manufacturing the drug, it becomes unavailable in some countries and its high costs prevent those in need from obtaining it. The Drug Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act allows the FDA to approve the production of generic versions of previously patented drugs by bypassing the redundant health and safety research measures reducing the additional amount of years for public availability of the drug.
10. Collis, David, and Troy Smith. "Strategy in the Twenty-First Century Pharmaceutical Industry:Merck&Co. and Pfizer Inc." Harvard Business School, 2007: 8-12.
Large pharmaceutical industries are making big profits on medications because they charge high prices for profit. These pharmaceutical companies are overcharging for medications that are essential to maintaining the health of patients. Having such a high cost for medication prevents patients from receiving the care that they need. This may result in patients resorting to desperate measure such as stealing and other illegal acts. The pharmaceutical industry need to reevaluate their ethical standards because the way that these companies are going about pricing their drugs is preventing patients from living a health life. These profits come at an expense of people who depend on those medications to maintain a quality of life. It is not ethical
An opponent of our current patent law and system may make the argument that absent our intellectual property rights, innovations and discoveries would more closely exhibit the characteristics found in “pure public goods” such as national defense and education7. These examples are non-rival in consumption, there is enough to go around for everybody, and they are also non-excludable; no one is prevented from enjoying the good7. What these critics of our system fail to acknowledge is that an inventor could possibly bear the cost of making their discovery while everyone benefits on this free ride and prevents the original developer from ever recovering their initial investment of time and money. This flaw in the competitive system we would have absent IP law would potentially discourage some pioneers from their R&D. This would indicate that in some instances of innovation, the short-term monopoly provided by our patent law is a necessity to provide adequate incentive. The pharmaceutical industry is the poster child for this necessary protection provided by patents. In this sector, and to...
Jiang, FeiFei. "The Problem with Patents." 19 December 2008. Havard International Review. 4 May 2014.