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Criticism of the theory of justice by john rawls
Criticism of the theory of justice by john rawls
Criticism of the theory of justice by john rawls
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My meeting with the two newly elected officials would begin by congratulating them on their new positions and informing them of the honor that has been bestowed upon them as my new city council members. I would then move into a discussion on the concept of social equity and inform them of their moral obligations as city council member to be fair, honest and equal. I would then spend time discussing Rawl's Theory of Justice and emphasis their use of his Veil of Ignorance when discussing the City's affairs, i.e. budgeting, tax rates and enacting ordinances. The meeting would then shift to a discussion on where the city's budget was when I was appointed City Manager and my vision of the purpose of a budget.
Purpose of the Budget
Government agencies are often thought of as an operation of collecting taxes, buying resources, using resources and performing tasks. And in its most broadest form, that is a government organization. However, those tasks must be funded and they are funded through a budget. The purpose of a budget is to provide an instrument for determining what services the government will provide and how each service will be funded. The budget provides the government and its taxpayers the means to identify these operating costs for the given year. The budget should be viewed less of a forecast of spending and more of a representation of the costs each organization is going to accrue from providing their public services. Of course, the budget does more than provide monetary transactions. The following are functions of a budget that are often overlooked but serve as a major purposes of creating a budget.
Management Tool. Every activity the government performs is funded through the budget. This allows managers to assemble th...
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...is then broken down further to individual line item accounts. In most circumstances, a the budget will also include its three prior years budget allocations. This assists in transparency for it shows the public specifically what line items are being reduced or increased.
Budget Philosophy
My meeting with the new council members would conclude with a discuss of my budgets philosophy. That philosophy is a commitment of providing the best quality of service to the residence of the city at their least possible cost. Public employees owe it to their tax paying citizens to provide the best service available for it is the citizens who make their work possible. I would end the meeting with asking the council members how long they believe a private company would stay in business if they provided an inferior product and asked them if that is what they want from their city.
After reading the case study Welcome to the new town manager, by Mary Jane Kuffner Hirt, I established three major problems the community of Opportunity needed to correct. These problems involved the water & sewer system, the balancing budget, & the pay-as-you-go method. The city manager, Jennifer Holbrook, must implement strategies that would correct these problems quickly.
Everyone took their roles very serious, which was the fun part to me. When doing a project like this you want everyone being as serious as possible and playing their role as it should be. Logan Diehl (mayor) really set the stimulation when he stepped up to the podium in his suit to give an overview of the meeting and call the meeting to order. Another aspect of the stimulation I enjoyed and thought it brought realistic vibes was when the city council representatives which included myself introduced themselves and stated what ward they represented before asking their
The Australian Budget is an annually published document which details the Federal Government's plans to affect the level of economic activity, resource allocation, and income distribution through the use of fiscal policy. It describes the framework which the government intends to follow during the next financial year which will result in the attainment of their objectives. The budget is a publication of the government's plans regarding the use of fiscal policy, and is published to parliament and the general public on “budget night”, so as to allow open dissemination about the status of public finances and to promote transparency in Australia's fiscal policy.
We would meet at one of our stores and discuss all the customer service complaints and compliments. All of the representatives would get a chance to discuss what issues they have at their particular store and what they feel would help the situations. As a group we would all try to come up with a solution for some of the problems together. Like making sure there are signs that the customer can see, so they know what departments they are in. Making sure that employees arrive on time to their store so they can walk around and get familiar with what the store sells. Before the sales associate leaves making sure they put away any items that don’t belong to make the store more organized, also another way to have the employee to become familiar with their
The Phoenix City Council meeting stood packed with attendees ranging from council men and women, lawyers, (basically elderly) interested citizens, neighborhood representatives, owners of businesses, and many others firm on playing a undeviating role in the due process of local government. The meeting began with an invocation from the pastor of a local church invited to pray by the Mayor Stanton. Then following was a pledge to the flag and then the mayor carries the motion. The Mayor reads for the council while passing them several agendas. This series of formalities set the tone for the arrangement and flow of the summit as a whole. Things steered quickly and professionally thanks to the succinct language of both the City Clerk and the Mayor, who led the agenda of the assembly. In general, each agenda entry was introduced by the Clerk, and then led through the agenda by Mayor, who asked for each item’s approval by the Council. The executive order of the agenda acted mostly as a general guideline, as the meeting swerved from the stated order with relative occurrence. Instead of a stringent order, the items seemed to be litigated first, in terms of how straightforwardly they might be permitted. Entire swathes of application were approved if the Council did not obtain any requests for dialogue concerning the item, and if the Council was expected to endorse the item unanimously. In theory, most of these items had already been hashed out in the various other committees through which any agenda item must pass before reaching the City Council.
For government budgeting to be effective, the process that guides it must be an evolving one. As the government gets bigger, it will most likely destabilize the existing method. Therefore, it must change to keep pace with the demands and growth of the country. The process must be capable of handling the complexity of our nation and its multifaceted needs so it will always need revisions and restructuring to face these new challenges. Its ultimate goal must be to reinforce the government and strengthen the country.
The city’s budget crisis was not a surprise, the City Manager had forecasted the shortfall and brought it to the attention of the city council. Based on the organizational structure, the City Manager clearly had more knowledge and information about the city’s budget, which was his source of power. However, the city council actually controls the resources (money in this case) and how and where to distribute the resource. Both, the City Manager and city council possess authority and power that neither want to relinquish; as a result, the employees suffered. Smithville city leaders needed to come together at the onset of the budget crisis and work together in a direct democratic fashion. When leaders come together and synthesize facts and resources, organizational members can increase the power they exert within an organization (Morgan, 2006). The budget crisis could potentially have been avoided had city leaders made an appeal to the public, explained the situation and offered a reasonable solution to the problem. Moreover, the transparency would have relieved some tension between the City Manager, city council, and the three labor unions. Because the city was not transparent and forthcoming with union leaders, the city negotiators enter the negotiation process giving members false hope of receiving salary and benefit increases when there were none to give. In summary, given the current situation, the City Manager needed to exert his expert power on the budget issue, join alliance with the union leaders, and push the city council to change city charter to implement the sales tax, which would have potentially off-set the budget
The preamble of the United State’s constitution sets many goals for the country. These goals are to form a more perfect union, to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense , promote the general welfare, and to secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves, and our posterity (US Const). With all of these goals it begs the question are, parts of the United State’s government meeting these goals? One specific case with this relationship is the relationship between the federal budget, and the goals in the preamble. The federal budget is meeting the goals set out in the preamble of the constitution because the federal budget defends the country, promotes the welfare of America’s citizen, and establishes justice
...evision. I feel there are several simple things could be done that would make the meeting more accessible to not only first time attendees but also citizens in general. First of all by giving a very brief introduction to who the Council members are and why they are on the Council, as well as the who the people on the side bars are and what their purpose for being there. Just a brief background, five minutes at the tops, would give a background enough for newcomers to have a basic understanding of what is going on. Another thing that could be done to make it more accessible would be to explain the purpose of the meeting or to give out an agenda at the beginning. By attending this public meeting, I was able to see that the grandeur that is portrayed on television is very fake, but the importance is vastly downplayed.
The budget process, according to Marshall, is to "develop and communicate" how an organization' economic, industry, and organizational strategies will be effected within the budgeted time frame. (p.497) People within the organization from planners, economists, and managers contribute facets of the strategic budget process in order to meet organizational needs. Upper management then typically approves those budgets. The operating budget is the forecast of activity that encompasses the results of the budget ...
This paper describes a problem related to the increased cost of supplies and a decrease in productivity in the surgical services area of Celebration Health. A plan is developed based on these issues, which could aid the unit to become more efficient and cost-effective. This plan will emphasize being cost-effective without compromising quality and safety. Also, it will may improve the fiscal health of the surgical services department by eliminating unnecessary procedures, supplies, and labor, therefore increasing productivity.
An advantage of performance budgeting would be transparency; this type of budgeting allows stakeholders the ability to ascertain the amount of service delivered for the funded cost. Basically it measures to what extent does government agencies getting what they paid for. This type of budgeting also provides an avenue by which management and line staff can contribute feedback for the enhancement of a program’s success.
“A budget is a plan” (Finkler, Kovner, & Jones, 2007, p. 232). The budgeting process consists of two components forecasting the budget and maintaining the budget (Clark, 2005). In the budgeting process, the manager 's responsibilities include accountability, analyzing variances and managing expenses. When the actual budget differs from the forecasted budget, a variance has occurred and needs to be examined further. Budgets can be used in the both the internal and external benchmarking process to see how the organization is performing compared to similar organizations.
Budget is combining your income and expenses to decide how much money you are going to spend on an item. Budget is an important step to determine your financial health and financial stability. It’s an important financial tool because it can help plan for expenses, cut cost were unneeded, save for future goals, plan for emergencies that occur inexpediently, and list what you are spending and saving.
It requires an adequate and sound organizational structure, that is, there must be a definite assignment of responsibility for each function of the enterprise. Budgeting compels all the members of management, from the top to bottom to participate in the establishment of goals and plans. Budgeting compels departmental managers to make plans in harmony with the other departments and of the entire enterprise. Budgeting helps the management to put down in figures what is necessary for a satisfactory performance. Budgeting helps the management to plan for the most economical use of labor, material and capital. Budgeting tends to remove the cloud of uncertainty that exists in many organizations, especially among lower levels of management, relative to basic policies and objectives. Budgeting promotes an understanding among members of management of their co-workers' problems. Budgeting force management to give adequate attention to the effects of general business conditions. Budgeting aids in obtaining bank credit as banks commonly require a projection of future operations and cash flows to support