The Bubonic Plague: A Snapshot of Recovery; A Comparison of Tuscany And Florence in 1630, to 2009 America
analytical Essay
1312 words
On October 21st 1629, near the border of Switzerland, the Florentine Observer in Milan wrote to Florence reporting that a captain of Lecco arrived in great haste to inform “virulent plague had been ascertained”. In the absence of knowledge concerning the plague, or any way to prevent it, they placed all affairs pertaining to public health in the hands of guards who would naturally be the first line of defense. However, after laborious trial and error, Florence and Tuscany experienced deaths of enormous proportion. In the 17th century the Italian economy entered a long recession. Trade and industry declined, Italian agriculture stagnated, and poverty and banditry increased. Meanwhile Italy was struck by plague. One of the most advanced parts of Italy had fallen from grace. Interestingly, this situation is rather similar to the American recession in 2008. In both, governmental leaders in aftermath-implemented solutions, which helped improve their citizen’s quality of life, while enhancing the relationship between an individual and the appropriation of goods. The Emblem Of Public Health—An Unraveled Fabric Along with sudden outbreak, it was widely agreed that the incidence of plague was much greater among the lower classes than that of the upper. Concomitant with any overcrowded or unsanitary conditions, this is logical for despite nobilities “more delicate and tender” characteristics, they were free to flee and able to afford remedies unable to the common man. With little known about vaccinations, the establishment of a sanitary “cordons” was the first “preventative measure people could resort to besides prayers and processions”. In spite of the limited remains of a once fruitful population, the government tried to r... ... middle of paper ... ...Giulia. Histories of a plague year: the social and the imaginary in baroque Florence. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Print. Cipolla, Carlo M.. Before the Industrial Revolution: European society and economy, 1000-1700. New York: Norton, 1976. Print. Cipolla, Carlo M.. Cristofano and the plague; a study in the history of public health in the age of Galileo. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973. Print. Fletcher, Robert. A tragedy of the great plague of Milan in 1630. Italy: The Lord Baltimore Press, 1898. Print. Kleiner, Fred S., and Helen Gardner. Gardner's art through the ages: a global history. 13th ed. Boston, MA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2009. Print. Labarge, Margaret Wade. A baronial household of the thirteenth century. Brighton: Harvester, 1980. Print. Pollitzer, R.. Plague. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1954. Print.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that florence and tuscany experienced deaths of enormous proportion in 1629, when the florentine observer in milan reported that virulent plague had been ascertained.
- Analyzes how people were invigorated to start over, and to enjoy luxuries after the plague. according to carlo m. cipolla, hoarding cash was an easy way to conceal and protect wealth.
- Explains that the incidence of plague was greater among the lower classes than that of the upper classes. the florentine health authorities did their best to slow the rate of mortality.
- Explains that florence and tuscany experienced deaths of enormous proportion in 1629, when the florentine observer in milan reported that virulent plague had been ascertained.
- Analyzes how people were invigorated to start over, and to enjoy luxuries after the plague. according to carlo m. cipolla, hoarding cash was an easy way to conceal and protect wealth.
- Explains that the incidence of plague was greater among the lower classes than that of the upper classes. the florentine health authorities did their best to slow the rate of mortality.
- Analyzes the importance of public expenditure in florence during the depression that was accompanied by the plague in 1631.
- Explains that the italian baroque style of art and architecture is best exemplified in the work of gian lorenzo bernini.
- Cites calvi, giulia, cipolla, carlo m., fletcher, robert, kleiner, and gardner.
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains that the black death was one of the most horrific and devastating diseases that humanity have ever faced. it was spread by black rats infested with fleas.
- Analyzes how giovanni boccaccio describes the horrors of the black death in his novels.
- Analyzes how giovanni boccaccio, an italian writer and poet, described the horrors caused by the black death in his novels decameron.
- Explains that the black death was one of the most horrific and devastating diseases that humanity have ever faced. it was spread by black rats infested with fleas.
- Analyzes how giovanni boccaccio describes the horrors of the black death in his novels.
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- Analyzes the evidence that boccaccio uses to provide the collapse of the italian urban civilization is how primitive people react to this disaster.
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1003 wordsRead More - The Black Death: Bubonic Plague’s Worst Disastercomparative essayKira L. S. Newman, “Shutt Up: Bubonic Plague and Quarantine in Early Modern England,” Journal of Social History, 3, (2012): 809-834
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- Explains that the black death was the worst epidemic and disaster of the bubonic plague in all of history.
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- Explains that the black death was not the last epidemic of the plague. in the 1600s, there was another extremely deadly outbreak.
- Explains that the bubonic plague and the black death are important to learn about and understand, since sanitation and medical knowledge have helped decrease the plague's impact on the world.
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- Analyzes how the bubonic plague wiped out a considerable number of people from the population of medieval europe.
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- Explains yardley, j., deconstructing disease: a historian puts the bubonic plague in perspective.
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1616 wordsRead More - The Black Deathexplanatory essayE.L. Skip Knox. (Unknown). The Middle Ages: The Black Death. [Online]. Boise State University. Available from: . [23 July 2008].
In this essay, the author
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- Explains that the plague was caused by fleas that came to europe from asia on ships. people thought they were being punished by god and abandoned to fend for themselves.
- Explains that the plague originated from central asia in 1331, when wild rats moved to live around people, probably due to flooding and earthquakes. by 1345, the disease had spread along the trading routes to europe.
- Describes the black death, a deadly plague that spread through europe and asia from the mid 1330’s -50's. the bubonic, pneumonic and septicaemic plagues were the most common.
- Explains that the plague was caused by fleas that came to europe from asia on ships. people thought they were being punished by god and abandoned to fend for themselves.
- Explains that the plague originated from central asia in 1331, when wild rats moved to live around people, probably due to flooding and earthquakes. by 1345, the disease had spread along the trading routes to europe.
- Describes the symptoms of the plague: headache, fever, chills, vomiting, back pain, sore arms, legs, and light. bubonic, pneumonic and septicaemic plagues.
- Explains that the church tried every day medicines, but when they failed, people turned to praying and concocting a mixture of strange things, such as human blood, urine, and poo.
- Explains that people reacted to the plague in a couple of different ways, including by whipping themselves and others, and by moving away from the sick.
- Explains that the black death had long- and short-term effects on life in europe, such as the pay for peasant workers at manors, the standard of living, and the jewish population.
- Explains that after the black death, the power of the church and ruling class began to weaken as the people lost faith in them and learned to stand for themselves.
- Cites mellissa snell, e.l. skip knox, the middle ages: the black death, boise state university.
1298 wordsRead More - The Black Plague: The Nuances Of The Black Plagueexplanatory essayImagine half of a continent dying seemingly without reason, all within two years. The devastation caused on families would be unbearable. This is exactly what happened just 700 years ago in Europe. Probably the darkest, most devastating catastrophe in that century, and yet, the cause of deaths remains a question. One ‘thing’ has been confirmed; the deaths were caused by a plague. Three strands of the plague were Pneumonic, Bubonic, and the Septicemic. All three included similar symptoms, such as fever and chills; however, distinct symptoms also were noted. In Pneumonic, people experienced bloody sputum and difficulty breathing, whereas the Septicemic plague caused death of tissue in finger tips and in the nose. The Bubonic plague, the focus of this research paper, was the most popular strain of the plague. This strain caused swollen lymph nodes and buboes under the arms and around the groin area. The Plague was airborne, spread by rat bites, and by flea bites. All three of these strains were very painful. The Black plague was a major epidemic from 1348-1350, but it remained a threat until the 1666 London fire. Over 50 million Europeans were affected by this deadly disease, which ignited the rising of inflation, urban and peasant immorality, and challenges to the authorities of the Church.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the nuances of the black plague, which was a major epidemic from 1348-1350, but remained threat until the 1666 london fire.
- Explains that different theories of contracting the disease brought twists to this era. the black plague is commonly believed to have started in central asia in the early 1300s.
- Explains how europeans used strange methods to ward off the plague, such as burning rosemary, purifying the air, and nave hygiene practices.
- Explains the nuances of the black plague, which was a major epidemic from 1348-1350, but remained threat until the 1666 london fire.
- Explains that different theories of contracting the disease brought twists to this era. the black plague is commonly believed to have started in central asia in the early 1300s.
- Explains how europeans used strange methods to ward off the plague, such as burning rosemary, purifying the air, and nave hygiene practices.
- Explains that pneumonic plague is spread through the air, and is contagious to anyone who comes in contact with it.
- Explains that jews poisoned numerous water wells in an effort to kill europeans and threaten christendom in some areas of europe.
- Explains how the black plague spread rapidly among the poor working class, and caused extreme inflation. without anyone to farm, crops died or did not grow at all.
- Explains that landowners let serfs buy their freedom, so the working class could choose who to work for depending on how much they were getting paid.
- Explains that the monarchy made laws so that peasants' wages would become lower again, which again related to inflation. the plague severely depleted the tax base.
- Explains that people became tired of getting taxed for everything and the hundred years war. revolts spread quickly and lots of people joined in. peasants were weak, poorly trained, and armed.
- Explains that many people believed that god was punishing them for being disobedient. priests encouraged people to repent from their sins and turn to god.
- Explains that nobles and peasants both feared that they would probably die soon, so they should go out with a bang.
- Explains that many people doubted god because they viewed their prayers as unanswered. they were dependant on the priest to teach them about god.
- Explains that people became discouraged because they prayed for healing, but the plague continued to spread like a wildfire. since the church did not have the answers, they began to question god.
- Explains that priests began dying more often because of the plague. people doubted god because they wondered why he would let his servants die. many hearts grew colder toward the love of god.
- Explains that the church made people pay more for any services because they were bringing in less money due to the death toll.
- Explains that in 1665, the plague became an epidemic again, mainly in london. guards were posted at the door of the quarantined families' houses to ensure they did not escape.
- Explains that due to the plague, some people began to be more independent. many scientists, artists, and mathematicians resulted from this era.
- Explains that people realized that they needed to find better methods to keep the plague from spreading. the great council of ragusa passed a law that plague victims must be outside walls for thirty days before returning to the city.
- Explains that people realized that they needed to be more independent in life after the plague. they realized how wrong they were about catholicism.
- Explains that as the catholic church became corrupt, more people began to second guess them. catholic priests and church workers began selling indulgences, which ensured their way to heaven.
- Explains that the black plague influenced people to question the catholic church, but it also led them to witness about the truth. wycliffe paved the way for others through study and dedication to god.
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2079 wordsRead More - Bubonic Plague In The Renaissancecomparative essayAlthough the Renaissance consisted of discovering new and exciting topics, a major outbreak had occurred. This outbreak was known as the Bubonic Plague or the “Black Death” which had arrived in Europe in 1348 (Woodville). The Bubonic Plague impacted Europe and Europeans negatively economically, politically, and socially.
In this essay, the author
- Explains how the bubonic plague affected trade, commerce, medicine, doctors, and technology in europe.
- Explains that the bubonic plague affected europe negatively in a political way because it impacted their jobs, rank, and social status.
- Explains that the bubonic plague affected europe in a social way, such as prejudice, segregation, population, and their daily life.
- Explains how the bubonic plague affected trade, commerce, medicine, doctors, and technology in europe.
- Explains that the bubonic plague affected europe negatively in a political way because it impacted their jobs, rank, and social status.
- Explains that the bubonic plague affected europe in a social way, such as prejudice, segregation, population, and their daily life.
- Describes the renaissance as a time period that began around 1300s c.e. and lasted to the 1500s and spread to europe. the bubonic plague impacted europe negatively economically, politically, and socially.
- Concludes that the bubonic plague impacted europe negatively economically, politically, and socially.
1400 wordsRead More - Financial Indulgence Saved Christianity in Europeopinion essayThe Black Death claimed numerous lives, not only the sick and the elderly, but also the young and healthy. The greatest, and worst, obstacle with the infection of the bubonic plague was the lack of knowledge of what was actually afflicting the population (The Florentine Chronicle, Rubric 643). The people during the time of the Black Death where even mind boggled at how the disease had spread to Europe, let alone assessing what the disease actually was and how to cure the disease. According to Marchione di Coppo Stefani, “N...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the european economy collapsed and degenerated into a black market type operation, rendering the situation extremely difficult to survive in.
- Explains how the black death led to a rise in the number of bodies of the dead flooding into the churches. family members abandoned one another to keep themselves away from the sick.
- Opines that the clergy's financial indulgence saved christianity in europe from being lost to the black death.
- Explains that the european economy collapsed and degenerated into a black market type operation, rendering the situation extremely difficult to survive in.
- Explains how the black death led to a rise in the number of bodies of the dead flooding into the churches. family members abandoned one another to keep themselves away from the sick.
- Opines that the clergy's financial indulgence saved christianity in europe from being lost to the black death.
- Concludes the valuable treatise of master john of burgundy against epidemic disease by referring to efforts in trying to treat those with symptoms of the plague.
- Explains that the black death wiped out several towns and cities during its peak and showed no signs of slowing down. christianity, once persecuted and now the most popular religion in the world, survived through the calamities.
- Opines that bisgaard, lars, and leif sndergard, living with the black death, odense, university of southern denmark, 2009.
- Explains that the black death devastated europe and left nothing close to life or civilization in its wake. the greatest obstacle with the infection of the bubonic plague was the lack of knowledge.
1417 wordsRead More - Cause Of Disease Pandemicsanalytical essayThroughout history, the world has witnessed and experienced many tragic events. These events range from natural disasters and mass murders to famine and disease. This particular essay is going to focus on disease. We have encountered many diseases that have had a tremendous affect, on lives and the ways of living, from Polio to the “Great Mortality”. In this essay, I want to introduce to you one of the most known disease pandemics that we still are researching and trying to understand. The disease has many names like the “Great Mortality”, the plague, the Bubonic plague and is also known as the “Black Death”. Historians believe that that this particular pandemic is the worst disease that struck during the 1300’s and is the most known disease
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the world has witnessed and experienced many tragic events, from natural disasters and mass murders to famine and disease. in this essay, they introduce one of the most known disease pandemics that we are still researching and trying to understand.
- Explains that the "great mortality" or black death pandemic appeared in western europe in 1347. it originated from a battle between the mongols and genoese merchants, in the battle of caffa.
- Analyzes how the bubonic plague played a crucial role in the changing of how society started to function after the plague hit.
- Explains that the world has witnessed and experienced many tragic events, from natural disasters and mass murders to famine and disease. in this essay, they introduce one of the most known disease pandemics that we are still researching and trying to understand.
- Explains that the "great mortality" or black death pandemic appeared in western europe in 1347. it originated from a battle between the mongols and genoese merchants, in the battle of caffa.
- Analyzes how the bubonic plague played a crucial role in the changing of how society started to function after the plague hit.
- Explains that after the black death, the population of europe was decreased, which brought opportunities for more jobs and higher wages. the new relationship between the landlord and peasants was beneficial for both landlords and tenants.
- Opines that the black death pandemic was a stepping stone to how life has been impacted by the effects of the event.
1073 wordsRead More - Positive and Negative Results of The Black Plagueanalytical essayThe Black Plague, perhaps one of the worst epidemics in history, swept its evil across Europe in the middle of the 14th century, killing an estimated 20 million people. This major population shift, along with other disasters occurring at the time, such as famine and an already existing economic recession, plunged Europe into a dark period of complete turmoil. Anarchy, psychological breakdowns, and the dissipation of church power were some of the results. As time passed, however, society managed to find new ground and began its long path of recovery. The plague, as catastrophic as it was to medieval Europe, had just as many positive effects that came with this recovery as it did negative effects prior. An end to feudalism, increased wages and innovation, the idea of separation of church and state, and an attention to hygiene and medicine are only some of the positive things that came after the plague. It could also be argued that the plague had a significant impact on the start of the Renaissance.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the black plague, one of the worst epidemics in history, swept its evil across europe in the 14th century, killing an estimated 20 million people.
- Explains how the black death ended feudalism and the rise of peasant revolts in france and england.
- Explains that new society brought new generations of people, with new heads and new ideas, all of which played a factor in the technological innovations after the plague.
- Explains that the black plague, one of the worst epidemics in history, swept its evil across europe in the 14th century, killing an estimated 20 million people.
- Explains how the black death ended feudalism and the rise of peasant revolts in france and england.
- Explains that new society brought new generations of people, with new heads and new ideas, all of which played a factor in the technological innovations after the plague.
- Explains that before the plague, the church had complete control over society in europe and was the absolute worldview for people. the devastation of the disease left many looking for answers, but the church was in no position to help.
- Explains that medicine was handled in part by the church, and there were no known antibacterial agents at the time. overcrowding and unsanitary conditions catalyzed the plague.
- Analyzes how the black plague wiped out a third of europe's population, but had positive after effects, such as revolutions in the church and society, peasant revolts, technological innovations, and modern medicine.
853 wordsRead More - The root of all evil for the Europeans during the fourteenth century was the bubonic plague. This plague was lethal and managed to travel quickly from the Asian countries to Europe and Africa. The imment force of the plague set fear in the daily lives of the Europeans. This plague did not only seep into its victim’s skin, but the economic, social, and religous aspects as well.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the bubonic plague was the root of all evil for the europeans during the fourteenth century.
- Explains that the fourteenth century provided great wealth for merchants and spread ideas, inventions, beliefs, and the plague. trade had to cease as a means of protection.
- Explains how the plague shifted the lives of the europeans, resulting in a labor shortage and the decline of serfdom and feudalism.
- Explains that the bubonic plague was the root of all evil for the europeans during the fourteenth century.
- Explains that the fourteenth century provided great wealth for merchants and spread ideas, inventions, beliefs, and the plague. trade had to cease as a means of protection.
- Explains how the plague shifted the lives of the europeans, resulting in a labor shortage and the decline of serfdom and feudalism.
- Analyzes how religion manipulated europeans into obsessing over a search for answers and made them take solutions on their own hands.
- Explains that the plague left a permanent scar in the history of europe.
464 wordsRead More - Brief Overview Of The Great Mortality By John Kellyanalytical essayThe Great Mortality by John Kelly delivers vivid accounts and perspectives on the disease that plagued the much of the medieval century. Kelly, a seasoned author and graduate in European studies, provides this well researched book into further understanding the Black Death. The book, thorough and entertaining to read allows a reader to go back into time and vividly picture life during the the Black Plague.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how john kelly's the great mortality provides vivid accounts and perspectives on the disease that plagued the much of the medieval century.
- Describes how the black death spread through travel, dense populations, and poor hygiene. the plague erupted from 1347 until the 1350's.
- Analyzes how john kelly explains his intentions to explore newly emerging diseases and their possible threats and effects to society, but he realizes to do that, we must first gain a deeper understanding of the past.
- Analyzes how john kelly's the great mortality provides vivid accounts and perspectives on the disease that plagued the much of the medieval century.
- Describes how the black death spread through travel, dense populations, and poor hygiene. the plague erupted from 1347 until the 1350's.
- Analyzes how john kelly explains his intentions to explore newly emerging diseases and their possible threats and effects to society, but he realizes to do that, we must first gain a deeper understanding of the past.
- Analyzes how kelly provides factual understanding of plague origins and scientific theories while recounting the varied reactions to the plague by quoting individuals personal diaries, letters, and entries.
- Analyzes how kelly uses afterword: the plague deniers to debunk theories of modern plague deniers and counter argues theories such as the black death being caused by a disease other than plague.
- Analyzes how kelly touches on how religion, science, medicine, industry, culture, and society were affected post-plague. he leaves the book with on a pleasant note as he tells about europe's ability to restabilize itself after much devastation.
- Opines that kelly's footnotes throughout the book were useful, and the notes and references provided at the back shed light on the volume of research that went into the making of this book.
- Opines that kelly's focus on the individual people of the time makes the great mortality stand out from any other high academic or cold clinical written book on this subject.
814 wordsRead More - The Impact Of Black Death On Societyexplanatory essayThe Black Death plagues had disastrous consequences for Europe in the 14th century. After the initial outbreak in Europe, 1347, it continued for around five years and then mysteriously disappeared. However it broke out again in the 1360s and every few decades thereafter till around 1700. The European epidemic was an outbreak of the bubonic plague, which began in Asia and spread across trade routes. When it reached Europe, a path of destruction began to emerge. Medieval society was tossed into disarray, economies were fractured, the face of culture and religion changed forever. However the plagues devastation was not all chaotic, there were benefits too, such as modern labour movements, improvements in medicine and a new outlook on life. Therefore in order to analyse the impact the Black Death had on societies in the 14th century, this essay will consider the social, economic, cultural and religious factors in order to reach an overall conclusion.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the black death plagues had disastrous consequences for europe in the 14th century.
- Explains how the black death impacted societies in europe. the climatic changes that occurred over europe had drastic consequences for agriculture, resulting in malnutrition and famine.
- Explains the spread of the plague in europe in 1346. the plague created a race for survival and the entire european population was participating.
- Explains that the black death plagues had disastrous consequences for europe in the 14th century.
- Explains how the black death impacted societies in europe. the climatic changes that occurred over europe had drastic consequences for agriculture, resulting in malnutrition and famine.
- Explains the spread of the plague in europe in 1346. the plague created a race for survival and the entire european population was participating.
- Explains that the black death paved the way for extreme behaviours, lewdness and revelry, while others turned to religion. this led to the collapse of the feudal system in europe.
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In this essay, the author
- Compares the perspectives of boccaccio and thucydides on the links between the spread of the disease and social change.
- Explains that the plague in florence formed three basic social groups: people who believed that a sober and abstemious mode of living considerably reduced the risk of infection; people in the middle who neither acted like the first group or the second group.
- Explains that the majority of people had the fear of contacting the disease, but there were those who did everything in their own power to help out the ill and provide comfort.
- Compares the perspectives of boccaccio and thucydides on the links between the spread of the disease and social change.
- Explains that the plague in florence formed three basic social groups: people who believed that a sober and abstemious mode of living considerably reduced the risk of infection; people in the middle who neither acted like the first group or the second group.
- Explains that the majority of people had the fear of contacting the disease, but there were those who did everything in their own power to help out the ill and provide comfort.
- Explains that with the deadly plague, people gained a new perspective on life, the way they lived, and on traditions.
- Explains that in florence and athens, the animals rejected the bodies of the dead that lay out on the streets abandoned. pestilence spread from human to human and if any animal was exposed, it would contact the disease and die rapidly.
- Analyzes how boccaccio's work shows that everyone was trying to escape the plague. they knew what it could do to them in a matter of days
- Analyzes how thucydides, who was infected with the plague himself, tells of his observations and encounter with plague within athens and the way life was there.
- Compares athens to florence, where people took a specific mindset on life, such as hopelessness, disorganized funeral ceremonies, and buried their loved ones.
- Analyzes how the people in florence and athens adopted the idea that any actions against "human law" were un-punishable, and religion disappeared for the duration of the plague.
- Explains that the spread of the disease had a major social change in athens and florence. people became selfish and neglectful of their families, leaving parents behind their children, and religion changed.
1418 wordsRead More