In 27th May 1961, Tunku Abdul Rahman suggested the Merger of Malaya with Singapore, North Borneo, Sarawak and Brunei. However, it was strongly opposed by Sheikh Azahari Bin Sheikh Mahmud who was well known as A.M Azahari among the historian. A.M Azahari was the influent local leader in Brunei with his overflowing idealism. Furthermore, his participation in Indonesian sovereignty made him respectable and honor in the eyes of Bruneian. Thus, he became an instant famous person in Brunei.
A.M Azahari was the leader of Partai Rakyat Brunei (PRB) which was formed on 21st January 1956. One of the reasons on strongly opposing the Merger was because their aim was to give Brunei a full independence from the British colonies. Soon after, In September 1962, Azahari met with the leaders in Sarawak and North Borneo to press for the creation of ‘an independent federation of Borneo”. Subsequently, in Early December, he proposed 3 movements that were publicized at the first meeting of the new Legislative council. First, it was to reject the Malaysia Plan to merge. Secondly, he demanded to restore Brunei independence over Sarawak and North Borneo and lastly requested British to grant independence to a Borneo federation not later than 1963. In some way, these particular motions led to the rebellion in 1962.
The 1962 Brunei Rebellion occurred was committed by the military arm of the PRB and the Tentera Nasional Kalimantan Utara (TNKU). It commenced on 8th December 1962 approximately at 2AM. Although the attack seems to be a surprised attack, however the news about the rebellion had been reported to the Sultan beforehand by Pengiran Dato Setia Haji Mohd.Ali. Shortly after receiving the news, Dato A.N. Outram commanded a few police to guard the Ista...
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...in Kuala Belait. 14 December 1962 was the last day of the rebellion. During this time, the rebels give their best to win over the British troops as it cost the lives of 5 British marines and 15 of the rebels. Thus, the rebellion ends up with a failure.
One of the reasons for the failure is that the army of the PRB and the TNKU was not completely structured with the rebellion plan. They did plan to seize all police headquarters, Istana and Menteri Besar’s residence. However, they did not confiscate the media communication in Brunei town specifically the main radio station and the telegraph office. If the media to communicate were seized, the government would not be able to request for assistance. Furthermore, in term of military, the army of PRB and TNKU was weak compared to the British military since the British military was well equipped with advanced technology.
... of South Vietnam that resulted in the fall of Saigon on 30 April. In the previous month a RAAF detachment of 8 Hercules transports flew humanitarian missions to aid civilian refugees displaced by the fighting, and carried out the evacuation of Vietnamese orphans before finally taking out embassy staff on 25 April (Dudley 179).
One of the most interesting indigenous groups in the world is the Batek of Malaysia, this is a group of people that live in the oldest rain forest of peninsular Malaysia. Orang ASli means “Original people” in the native Malay Language, and they truly are the original people of the land. Being a nomadic group of hunters and gatherers, means that they are at the mercy of the land and the elements for survival. Batek beliefs note that, the rainforest was created by “superhuman” beings for the Batek to use and will destroy the world and everything on it if the Batek were ever to leave the rainforest ( K.M. Endcott 1979a; Lye 2004). The Batek believe that the “superhuman” beings created the forest for the Batek to harvest, build houses in, and provide also to decorations for their ceremonial rituals.
The Battle of Long Tan took place on the 18th of August 1966 in a rubber plantation in Phuoc Tuy Province, South Vietnam. The soldiers fought in very tough conditions; “the battle was like no other in that it occurred admits the trees and bushes of a rubber plantation,” (Parks, 2005). The plantation already gloomy was made darker by tropical downpour. Men were being killed by rifle and machine gun bullets, mortars and shrapnel from grenades fired into trees to blast splinters into the sheltering soldiers. The Australians were nearly surrounded, isolated and running out o...
The Sepoy Rebellion was caused by the removal of the Muslim king of Oudh. The Hindus and Muslims believed that Britain did this in an effort to convert Brahmins to Christians. Sita Ram, a sepoy who remained loyal to the British, proved their theory to be correct. He said “in proof of it one hundred ministers were about to be stationed in Oudh.” (Document C) Sita Ram also mentioned that “the sepoy’s minds had been inflamed by the seizure of Oudh.” (Document C) Also Oudh’s government was corrupt so the British decided to take over and try to fix the government. Sir Colin Campbell, who took charge of the British forces during the uprising, described the court of Oudh as a “mere hot bed of oppression, intrigue, and sensuality.” (Document B) He also said that “prejudices--religious, national, and social--have paramount influence even in a civilized country; this is even more true in a region sunk into barbarism.” (Document B) The removal of the Muslim king of Oudh angered the sepoys.
On the month of April in 2004, in the city of Habbaniyah, Iraq, a brutal and terrible act took place which ignited one of the bloodiest battles in the history of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Four Black Water security members were killed and publicly maimed. The resulting battle left a high casualty rate as well as hundreds of American service members being wounded. This is the story of the events that took place after the events in the city of Habbaniyah.
were put to death. Even though the original opinion of the people about the uprising wasn’t in favor of it, after the death of the leaders they were outraged. (Coogan,”Troubles” pgs. 19-25)
Dentan, Robert Knox. 1968. The Semai: A Nonviolent People of Malaya. Orlando, FL: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
On the night of March 5th, it is believed that a small group of boys began taunting a British soldier. Over the boys’ nonsense, the soldier battered one of his oppressors with his musket. Soon after the alleged incident a crowd of about fifty or sixty people surrounded the frightened solider. The enraged crowd of people sounded the soldier, encouraging him to call for backup. Soon after calling for help, seven soldiers along with Captain Preston...
Such case is true, for our textbook, and document 1. Both clearly state the rebellion was triggered off of the cartridges used to seal the new rifles. The full story that is written in these documents is that the rebellion was caused because the British started bringing over a new and improved rifle for the Sepoys. This may have been a good thing if amplification of rumors. A rumor that the sealant for the new rifles were made of cow and pig fat became popular. Since most of the Sepoys were either Hindu or Muslim, this offended their religion. The Hindu's sacred animal was the cow, and the Muslims did not eat pork. Because of this, both of these religious groups found these rumors to be extremely offensive, and are said to have revolted because of this. This issue with the cartridge may have had a small impact on the start of the rebellion, but it is hard to believe that this was the sole situation that caused the entire
Immigration). The riot was finally put to an end by the United States Army (Educating About Immigration).
The mutiny lasted thirteen months: from the rising of Meerut on 10 May 1857 to the fall of Gwalior on 20 June 1858.The sepoys were quickly joined by large numbers of civilians supporting the reinstatement of both a Moghul and a Maratha emperor and by landlords, particularly those of Oudh, penalised by the new administration and its policy of exporting raw materials for manufacture in Britain. Historians agree that the mutiny was characterised by violent reprisals on either side but, at least in British historical tradition, the most significant events are the massacres at Meerut, Cawnpore and Lucknow; post-mutiny literature dwelling on the fate of women and children especially.
On May 10th of 1857, Elphinstone was proven right when the Sepoy's rebelled against the British starting the Sepoy Rebellion. Prior to this rebellion, there had been other Sepoy led outbreaks. The difference being was that all of these were quickly and brutally ended by the British. The final “spark”, as Maria Elde...
Malaysia is located in the south-eastern Asia, bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam. Due to its locations, it has been colonised since the late 18th centuries by many countries. Since 1965, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP average of 6.5% growth for almost 50 years. The economical development especially boosted during 1981 and 2003 under the governance of Prime Minister Mahathir bin Mohamad. Malaysia succeeded in diversifying its economy from dependence on exports of raw materials to expansion in manufacturing, services, and tourism. Also, the current Prime Minister continues to pursue pro-business policies .
Military force led by the United Nations eventually muzzled the rebellion and with United States and Belgium’s help, Mobutu gained power. His leadership has been shown through history to be not much better.
In the 1999 elections for the first time in Malaysia’s history opposition parties united under Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front or BA). Party Keadilan is a small multi-ethnic party formed in 1999 by activists in the reformation movement. Besides, PAS (Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party) had provided strong competition for UMNO. Another major ...