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How literature shapes culture
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“The Bridegroom” by Ha Jin, is a short story about a man struggling with homosexuality in modern day China. The narrator, Old Chang, is the non-biological father of a young woman named Beina. Old Change promised to take care of Beina after her father, a close family friend, passed away. Beina then gets married to a very handsome man named Huang Baowen. Baowen quickly becomes the focus of this story. The climax of this short story is Baowen being revealed as a homosexual. This short story highlights Jin’s theme of homosexuality and shows the internal and external struggles of both Baowen and Old Cheng, through first person narrative, setting, and emotional appeal.
Ha Jin chooses to use first-person narration in this piece. He does this to better show the bountiful emotions and various opinions of each character. Ha Jin uses Old Chang to portray society’s views on homosexuality. At the beginning the narrator is very judgmental and believes that homosexuality is a disease, and that Baowen can be cured. When it comes to homosexuality, many people can be very close-minded. As the story progresses, Old Cheng begins questioning his feelings towards this subject.
.After the doctor tells Old Cheng that homosexuality is not a disease he states,” if homosexuality is a natural thing, then why are there men and women? Why can’t two men get married and make a baby? Why didn’t nature give men another hole?”(Jin, 377). These questions are often asked by many people who are questioning homosexuality. Just like Old Cheng many people struggle with their feelings toward this controversial subject. Society can be ignorant when it comes to homosexuality and accepting the fact that not all people have the same beliefs as they do. Just as many peopl...
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... people to stop treating homosexuality as a disease, and to start to better understand and or accept homosexuals. This story also helps highlight the struggles a homosexual goes through. Ha Jin allows the audience to look closely into the lives of both Baowen and Old Cheng.
Ha Jin is a very talented writer. He uses first person narrative, setting, and personal appeal to show his readers that cruelty and judgment against homosexuals is not needed in today’s society. He uses these three things to show that the criticism in this book is taken to an extreme. These aspects along with many others create a story that readers are not only interested in, but can relate to as well.
Works Cited
Ha, Jin. “The Bridegroom.” Literature and the Writing Process. Ed. Elizabeth
McMahan, Susan X Day, and Robert Funk. 10 ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014. 276-279.
Print.
Chang Yu-I understood woman's liberation as the tool for changing the Chinese culture. It was about a woman becoming her own person rather than the property of a man whom she must cherish under every circumstance. Yu-I believed that a woman's liberation was in finding her own independence and strength in Chinese society.
In chapters 9 and 13 in “The Spirit of Intimacy” by Somé, she discusses how the Western society has constructed an illusion of romance. This illusion of romance is presented in our media such as television, movies, and social media. She believes that basing a relationship off of romance leads people to mask their true selves which eventually leads to issues in the relationships long term. By building a relationship based on a spiritual connection, it allows individuals to build their relationship from the bottom up, be honest with themselves as well as their partners, and helps people better understand their partners in order to have a happy and fulfilled relationship. Furthermore, Somé discusses homosexuality and how her village refers to gays and lesbians as the gatekeepers. They live on the edge of both the spiritual and the village world. The gatekeepers serve as mediators for men and women so they are able to better understand each other in their daily lives. There are two different groups of gatekeepers, one possess the ability to protects a limited number of gates including the elements such as water, earth, fire, mineral, and nature because they vibrate the energies of those gates. The second
Chang portrays the complexity of Henry’s character by showing the conflict that he faces both in his personal and professional life. His confusion towards his own Cultural identity is noticed in his relationships with his co-workers as well as with his family. His personal relationship with his family, especially with his father and his wife exemplifies the clash between the two cultures which seems to tear Henry apart. Leila, Henry’s wife, seems to epitomize the traditional American Culture which Henry tries very hard to be a part of. Her forthright nature along with the independence and individuality contradicts the stereotypical qualities of an Asian wife. However, Henry’s desperation is seen in his forgiving attitude towards Leila’s action and behavior. His deter...
If you find yourself wanting to watch The Wedding Ringer directed by Jeremey Gerelick and starring Kevin Hart and Josh Gad, you need to be able to cease your brain activity for about an hour and 41 minutes. This movie is one of those that you have to take lightly in order to actually enjoy it.
Zhu Ying was a member of the military’s theatre troupe, and about to be a member of the party, until she refused to sleep with party members. After that, they transferred and then imprisoned her. While her role in the military could have made Zhu Ying an androgynous figure, an emblem of communist gender equality, the party’s expectation that she have sex with party members makes her a sexual object, which is its own form of feminization. Zhu Ying is allowed to retain her femininity only if she consents to being a sexual object; when she does not, she is sent to be a laborer, and later imprisoned. Moreover, by being separated from her boyfriend, her chance at domestic happiness is taken away. After imprisonment, she has no opportunity to fill the traditional female role of marriage and children (which she may or may not have desired). Thus, the party halts the “natural” order of marriage and
Before her father’s death, Hong had lived a comfortable life, as her father held a position of power. However, “After her father died of bone cancer, life was hard for the Chens. [...] By now, both the mother and daughter had experienced the difficulty and humiliation caused by lacking power in their own hands. (Jin 560)” Along with the hardships after her father’s death came the realization of Hong’s purpose in life―to elevate her family’s place and prestige in society. Blinded by her pursuit for power, Hong would eventually find herself at a standpoint, suddenly having to choose a husband and marry for power. Facing a deadline for her choice, Hong picked her husband through lots, as she did have love for any of her suitors. As did Hong, Hulga would also fail to properly set out her life due to the restraint of
While, both are extremely dedicated to what they are doing. Chunming from “Factory Girls” and Guo Hulin from “Eating Bitterness” are both driven by extravagant situations but have their own personal challenges to overcome in their everyday life. Chunming being successful is spiritually driven while being morally confused. Yet, Guo Hulin is morally focused and clear, while being spiritually unsettled and confused.
As the women narrate the harm caused by men, they lose track of the beings that they once were and become different people in order to cause a reaction in others. These women are hurt in ways that cause them to change their way of living. The Lady in Blue becomes afraid of what others will think of her because a man impregnated her: “i cdnt have people [/] lookin at me [/] pregnant [/] I cdnt have my friends see this” (Shange, Abortion Cycle # 1 Lines 14- 16). Instead of worrying about the life of her child, she worries about how her...
...Post…We all simply concluded that the gentleman was possibly insecure about his own sexual orientation and therefore found the play threatening" (97). Oh well, if that's the case than I'm in big trouble with Hwang.
The film, Farewell My Concubine, directed by Chen Kaige drew the attention of the western world onto Chinese Opera at the 1988 Cannes Film Festival by winning the Palme d’Or award that year. Farewell My Concubine is one of the most famous plays in Beijing Opera in which the loyalty of Yu Ji (Beauty Yu) is contested by the King of Chu when his state is defeated. The main character, Cheng Dieyi, mirrors both Mei Langfan and Yu Ji. Mei Langfan is considered the most representative artist in Beijing Opera because of his perfection as a female impersonator. Cheng Dieyi, much like Mei Langfan, is the most popular male dan(female role) at the time in the film. The most intriguing aspect of the film is the similarity between Yu Ji’s life and Cheng’s. As Director Chen explains in an interview with BOMB Magazine, “He (Cheng) blurs the distinction between theater and life, male and female. He’s addicted to his art. He’s a tragic man who only wants to pursue an ideal of beauty, to become Yu Ji, the concubine in the opera.” The film raises many questions about female impersonators’ gender identity, because in order to portray the femininity, they must think and act like women even in daily life. Many of them might undergo similar struggles Cheng suffers. While many people associate them with homosexuality and prostitution, let us examine male dans’ gender identities in various aspects.
Liu, D. and Lu, G. 2005. Research in Chinese homosexuals. [BT: 中國同性戀研究] Beijing: China Society Press.
The family's personal encounters with the destructive nature of the traditional family have forced them to think in modern ways so they will not follow the same destructive path that they've seen so many before they get lost. In this new age struggle for happiness within the Kao family, a cultural barrier is constructed between the modern youth and the traditional adults, with Chueh-hsin teeter tottering on the edge, lost between them both. While the traditional family seems to be cracking and falling apart much like an iceberg in warm ocean waters, the bond between Chueh-min, Chueh-hui, Chin and their friends becomes as strong as the ocean itself. While traditional Confucianism plays a large role in the problems faced by the Kao family, it is the combination of both Confucianism and modernization that brings the family to its knees. Chueh-hsin is a huge factor in the novel for many reasons.
“The unprecedented growth of the gay community in recent history has transformed our culture and consciousness, creating radically new possibilities for people to ‘come out’ and live more openly as homosexuals”(Herdt 2). Before the 1969 Stonewall riot in New York, homosexuality was a taboo subject. Research concerning homosexuality emphasized the etiology, treatment, and psychological adjustment of homosexuals. Times have changed since 1969. Homosexuals have gained great attention in arts, entertainment, media, and politics. Yesterday’s research on homosexuality has expanded to include trying to understand the different experiences and situations of homosexuals (Ben-Ari 89-90).
spend a lot of time together, and are increasingly more stuck in their state of mind. Although there is incredibly strong evidence of their spouse's’ affair, this kind of one track mind can lead to other misconceptions and misinterpretation. Mrs. Chan and Mr. Chow are so eager to accept each other’s point of view, that they completely neglected to consider others. Looking at outside perspective, other people could also theorize that Mrs.Chan and Mr.Chow are committing adultery, especially in the more traditionally social China. The two friends fail to realize this perspective, and ultimately, their platonic relationship came with increasing
Natasha went missing for three days and returned home winded and unable to answer the questions her parents pelted her with. Her parents eventually got flustered and gave up trying to push Natasha about where she was. She soon joined her friends but a troika man walked by and Natasha instantly recognized him from somewhere and freaked out. She ran to her parents, who told her to tell them everything, but she remained quiet about the whole problem and carried on. The next day a woman came to her parents and told them the boy was wealthy and generous and Natasha should marry him. Natasha’s parents agreed vigorously about the wedding and had the ceremony soon. Natasha agreed to the wedding after thinking it over for a little bit. At the wedding