The Bornstein PF Model And Traditional Model Of Validity

For any qualitative research conducted, validity as a concept is a determinant that measures the truth concerning the investigation. Validity is measured by researchers by asking questions and answers are retrieved from other people’s research work (Joppe, 2000, p. 1). Other researchers define validity in quantitative research as construct validity. Construct implies initial concept, hypothesis, notion or question determining data gathered and method of data collection. However, quantitative practitioners affirm the cause or effect interplay between data and construct for validation of investigation by applying test procedures or processes (Golafshani, 2003, p. 599).

Postmodern approaches to therapy, however, stress the importance of context in people’s social and interpersonal world. The postmodern perspective is interested in the client’s world external to individual dynamics. This paper will compare and contrast the key points, therapeutic relationship, application, contributions, and strengths and limitations of CBT and postmodern versions of therapy. Modern and postmodern theories differ widely in their assumptions regarding reality. Two popular branches of CBT (a blend of related psychotherapies) are cognitive therapy (CT) and rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT).

The Role of Mental Variation in Cognitive Science ABSTRACT: What is the role of mental variation in cognitive science? I will attempt to answer this question by dividing it into two separate questions: (1) what role does mental variation already (or implicitly) play in cognitive science? and (2) would cognitive science benefit by inquiring (explicitly) into the role of mental variation? I will attempt to show that mental variation already plays an important (though not always explicit) role in cognitive science. Additionally, I will suggest that explicating the role of mental variations in cognition may be seen as a vital component of maintaining the strength of certain approaches and "schools" of cognitive science.

Moreover; I will examine true experiments and examine how they control threats to internal validity. In addition, I will examine how true experiments are different from experimental designs. Finally, in this paper, I will discuss quasi-experiments by explaining their importance and how they differ from experimental designs. According to Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, and Zechmeister (2009), data analysis and statistics play a major role in the analysis and the interpretation of experimental findings. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are both used to describe the results of an experiment.

This paper will discuss several different aspects of using evidence research. It will compare and contrast validity vs. reliability and address wither it is possible to have an instrument that is valid and not reliable. It will also examine type I and type II errors as well as examine the differences between parametric and non-parametric. Lastly, this paper will look probability and what the minimum level of significance is for a research paper. Validity is essentially the degree to which a conception is founded and parallels accurately to the real world.

Psychometric Property Evaluation There are two basic psychometric properties, validity and reliability that have been used to evaluate the quality of scale development. Psychometric testing used to evaluate the quality of instrument (Polit& Beck, 2010). 1. Validity Validity refers to ability of an instrument to measure the test scores appropriately, meaningfully, and usefully (Polit& Beck, 2010). The instrument has been developed to serve three major functions: (1) to represent a specific universe of content, (2) to represent measurement of specific psychological attributes, (3) to represent the establishing of a relationship with a particular criterion.

The procedure of Psychological assessment encompasses psychological testing. Instead of relying on the results of one particular test, it incorporates data collected from other sources like interviews, present complaints, information from significant others, behavioural observations, and historical data. The psychological testing is mere administration, scoring, and interpretation of a particular test score (usually numeric) that gives us an idea of an attribute or characteristic; whereas psychological assessment is a logical problem-solving process, that can be therapeutic for the client and help them realize their potentials and achieve their goals (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2009; Hood & Johnson, 2007). The process of psychological assessment is more individualized, however psychological test involves an individual or a group administration (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2009). The process of psychological assessment is a complex procedure as compare to psychological testing (Weiner, 2003) that according to M... ... middle of paper ... ...rk, NY: Springer.

Introduction This essay aims to critically evaluate one therapeutic intervention in psychology, named, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). It begins with defining CBT and discussing the underlying principles and concepts of this approach. Some examples of treating psychological disorders by employing a CBT approach in children and adolescents will be made and then, It will move on to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this therapeutic intervention. The review will be finished by a conclusion regarding employing such approach. What is CBT?

According to the research, emotional intelligence can be learned and it can be enhanced but on other side it is claimed that emotional intelligence is inborn feature (Cherry, 2014). According to the peter Salovey and John D. Mayer (1990), “" they defined emotional intelligence as, "the subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions" Emotional intelligence theory Emotional intelligence is basically the current... ... middle of paper ... ...ment is also a serious threat for my career. Conclusion In this report the importance of emotional intelligence and the different EI theories has been discussed. EI has become vital in our daily personal and professional life. In professional life it helps in the management of the conflicts and understanding the emotional level and the desires of the other person.

mentioned that the mixed method provides an opportunity to bridge the conflict between different philosophical perspectives such as constructivism, pragmatism, postpositivism and transformative perspectives (2011). They stated that this would help in creating dialectal standpoints that help in advancing both objective and subjective knowledge. They illustrated the practical diverse approach of pragmatism where it could highlight the importance of the research question by focusing on the objective and subjective aspects of the research problem. On the other hand, the orienting framework of transformative