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Essay on the history of ethiopia
Essay on the history of ethiopia
Introduction about the history of ethiopia country
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Ethiopia is one of the oldest surviving countries in the world. While its current economic, societal, and political conditions are considered povertous from the viewpoint of a first world nation, the country has been a relative powerhouse in the Horn of Africa. It has a large military, gross domestic product growth, and a relatively stable international position compared to its neighbors. In the last 60 years, however, it has been continually embroiled in a border dispute with its neighbor Eritrea. Eritrea, a former province of Ethiopia, has fought against the larger nation’s control for decades, resulting in war in the 1990s and massive tension in the area since. This border conflict has the potential to flare once again and throw the already chaotic Horn of Africa into another ongoing conflict.
Ethiopia was granted rights to Eritrea in 1952 by the United Nations (UN), most likely due to its valiant efforts against the Axis Powers, specifically Italy, during World War II (The World Factbook, 2012). Ethiopia then annexed the smaller country as its province in 1962. Radical opposition to this overthrow of the country’s sovereignty began soon after, with the Eritrean Liberation Movement (ELM) acting as the main force against Ethiopian occupation (Abbink, 2003, p. 408-11).
The ELM engaged in clandestine political activities intended to cultivate resistance to the centralizing policies of the imperial state. The death of the ELM by Ethiopian forces was only the beginning of the conflict; wars between Ethiopia and Eritrea’s guerilla forces have spanned over 30 years as Eritrea attempted to gain independence, joined by Ethiopian guerilla forces that were also fighting against the harsh dictatorships constantly in place (Shah, 2000). ...
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...n, W. (2012, March 16). Eritrea Says Ethiopia Military Raid Marks Decade of Aggression. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-03-16/eritrea-says-ethiopia-military-raid-marks-decade-of-aggression
Foreign & Commonwealth Office (2012). Ethiopia. Foreign & Commonwealth Office. Retrieved from http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia/
Lorton, F. (2000). The Ethiopia-Eritrea Conflict: A Fragile Peace. African Security Review, 9 (4), 101-11.
Shah, A. (20 Dec 2000). “Conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea.” Retrieved from http://www.globalissues.org/article/89/conflict-between-ethiopia-and-eritrea
U.S. Department of State (10 November 2011). Background Note: Ethiopia. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htm
Since Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia were very large superpowers at that time Menelik II from Ethiopia wrote a letter to these countries. He was terrified that these countries were not going to protect Ethiopia any longer because they were very engrossed in dividing up Africa. In addition Ethiopia’s boundary on the sea fell into the hands of Muslims. Menelik hoped that through “Jesus Christ Ethiopia will regain its ri...
There have been many famines that have greatly impacted Ethiopia. One of the famine that is very famous in Ethiopian history and World history is known as the Great Famine. Due to the lack of the support of the government and other organizations, about one million people died of starvation. The conditions of Ethiopia in the beginning of 1984 were not well. “The Ethiopian government predicted that the agricultural yield of the nation was going to be considerably lower in at the beginning of 1984 because there had been less rainfall than expected. However, preventive measures were not taken by either the government or the rest of the world to prevent the mass starva...
Credibility Statement: I learn about Ethiopia from my parents who were born there and have personal experience there. They moved to the United States in 1980 for a better life.
Africa has been an interesting location of conflicts. From the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea to the revolutionary conflict in Libya and Egypt, one of the greatest conflicts is the Rwandan Genocide. The Rwandan Genocide included two tribes in Rwanda: Tutsis and Hutus. Upon revenge, the Hutus massacred many Tutsis and other Hutus that supported the Tutsis. This gruesome war lasted for a 100 days. Up to this date, there have been many devastating effects on Rwanda and the global community. In addition, many people have not had many acknowledgements for the genocide but from this genocide many lessons have been learned around the world.
Amnesty International. 2014. Because I am Oromo: Sweeping Repression in the Oromiya Region of Ethiopia: Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street, London, UK
This paper focuses on the Eritrean Tigrinya, their past role as a catalyst which started the 30 year Eritrean war for independence from Ethiopia, and their possible future use in stabilizing the Horn of Africa (Almedom, 2006). The Eritrean pan-national government was accused of arming and funding the al-Qaida-linked Somali terrorist group Al-Shabaab, as well as other terrorist organizations within Somalia, by the United States, United Nations, and African Union (Abraha, 2009). The world at large appears to take two very distinct and contradictory positions on the political aspirations of the Tigrinya; some people believe that the current terrorist supporting, Islamic Caliphate spreading, totalitarian, minority oppressing Eritrean government is guided by the will of the Tigrinya (Advameg, 2011; Adem, Izaz, Abubaker, 2011). Others maintain that the majority of Tigrinya oppose the current pan-national Eritrean government (Schmitz-Pranghe, 2010). I am inclined to endorse the latter school of thought; quite simply, it is nearly inconceivable that a Christian Orthodox culture would support Islamic extremism or make any attempt to secure an Islamic state within striking distance of its own people.
Poole, Walter S., The Effort to Save Somalia August 1992 – March 1994 p.20 (2005 August) General format. Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/doctrine/history/somalia.pdf
To understand the demise of Somalia in the 1980’s, it is important to conceive that the 1978-1979 war against Ethiopia turned out to be a failure. The Siad Barre regime hadn’t succeeded in its dream to unify all Somali under one flag and as Isabelle Duyvesteyn (2005) writes “large sections of the Somali populations remained armed” (p.40). Consequently, the regime decided to punish as she writes “ all the officials he (Siad Barre) held responsible for the defeat” (p.40), which according to this scholar initiated turmoil.
The Web. The Web. 25 Sept. 2013. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/194084/Ethiopia>. The "Ethiopia" - "The World" Encyclopedia of the Nations.
Tadesse, Debay. Post-independence South Sudan: the challenges ahead. ISPI-ISTITUTO PER GU STUDI DI POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE. February 2012.no.46.
For my essay I will be evaluating the sub-saharan African country of Liberia. Over the course of this essay i shall try and shed some light on the main threats to peace and stability in the country. Threats that, if not treated responsibly and correctly, could throw Liberia, the Liberian people and potentially a large proportion of West Africa back into the violence and political instability that has plagued the region over the last few decades.
In the Africa, lies the country Somalia, which is located on east coast of the continent. Its capital, Mogadishu, however has inconveniently brought its own problems, from colonization to politics, disagreements arise, causing tension throughout the country. Somalia’s historical background and culture ultimately lead to the war in its capital, it lead to the War of Mogadishu.
After the Italian second defeat, Haile Selassie led Ethiopia by the vision of modernization and advancement of his people live. Emperor Haile Selassie established modern schools, universities, and military, naval, air force and police academies. He even donated one of his palaces to the first university in th...
Ofcansky, Thomas, and LaVerle Berry. 2011. A Country Study: Ethiopia. Washington D.C.: The Library of Congress. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ettoc.html.