IUDs, intrauterine devices, were developed at the beginning of the 20th century as an alternative to ‘interuterine devices’, which frequently caused pelvic inflammatory disease. Intrauterine devices are T shaped devices containing either copper or levonorgestrel and used as a form of long-acting reversible contraception. Pelvic inflammatory disease is a community-acquired infection of the female reproductive organs caused by a sexually transmitted disease, most commonly Neisseria gonorrhoaea and Chlamydia trachomatis. PID can involve the uterus fallopian tubes, ovaries, or all of these structures. Sequelae of PID include recurrent episodes of PID, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and a possible association with ovarian cancer. Although the same basic risk of pelvic inflammatory disease is still present with both copper and hormonal IUDs, it is infrequent, and typically absent after a month. There is scarce evidence that the two are directly related outside of patients who have a preexisting STI, yet the perception of the risk greatly hinders the their social reception worldwide. Despite their apparent benefits, there has been a sharp decline since 1975 in IUD use, from 9% to less than 2% of women in the US. IUDs are relatively safe and convenient; other than surgery, they are one of the most consistently effective forms of preventing birth. Copper IUDs can be used for emergency birth control after unprotected sex, and both copper and hormonal IUDs do not interfere with breastfeeding and are safe to use immediately after an abortion. The research question is twofold: what are the comparative benefits of using IUDs, and what is the validity of the reasons preventing their widespread use? The importance of this re...
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...ment Algorithms for Selection of Intrauterine Device Candidate Charles S. Morrison,* Christine Sekadde-Kigondu,† William C. Miller,‡ Debra H. Weiner,* and Samuel K. Sinei† Contraception 1999;59:97–106
9) Effects of Age, Parity, and Device Type on Complications and Discontinuation of Intrauterine Devices Joelle Aoun, MD, Virginia A. Dines, BS, Dale W. Stovall, MD, Mihriye Mete, PhD, Casey B. Nelson, BA, and Veronica Gomez-Lobo, MD VOL. 123, NO. 3, MARCH 2014 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY 585-591
10) Expanding access to intrauterine contraception. Allen RH1, Goldberg AB, Grimes DA. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Nov;201(5):456.e1-5
11) Adolescent and young adult women's knowledge of and attitudes toward the intrauterine device.Whitaker AK, Johnson LM, Harwood B, Chiappetta L, Creinin MD, Gold MA. 2008 Sep;78(3):211-7. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.04.119. Epub 2008 Jul 3.
The Bishop score is a pelvic scoring system developed to make it easier to determine whether a multiparous woman was a suitable candidate for induction of pregnancy. Although the information in the Bishop score was known by many obstetricians for many years, Edward H. bishop is credited because he pulled the pieces together and formed an organized system accompanied by research and statistics to back up his findings. His paper is called the “Pelvic Scoring for Elective Induction”. In this paper, Bishop describes basic minimal requirements that must be met before any patient can be considered for elective induction of labor (1964).
The fact that the only physician to support contraceptives was a woman speaks volumes about the disconnect between the male and female perspective on the issue. It begs the question: Can a man objectively weigh in on this issue? Since inarguably both the physical sacrifice and emotional burden of carrying to term and caring for an unwanted child lay solely on the
Paradox Of The Pill. (Cover Story)." Time 175.17 (2010): 40-47. Military & Government Collection. Web. 9 Apr. 2014.
Samuel A. Pasquale, M.D., and Jennifer Cadoff, The Birth Control Book: A Complete Guide to Your Contraceptive Options, New York: Ballantine Books, 1996
"Washington Watch: Advocates Seek Support for 'Real' Sex Education." Contraceptive Technology Update 1 June 2009. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 Apr. 2012.
The topic of birth control in public schools has attracted much support from the American public from surveyed statistics. For example, a 2006 Associated Press-Ipsos survey discovered that 67% of Americans support the provision of contraceptives to students. This study also determined that, “About as many - 62 percent - said they believe providing birth control reduces the number of teenage pregnancies” (Associated Press). Such a huge percentage suggests that Americans are very concerned about the increasing cases of teen pregnancies and would eagerly adopt any method that has a possibility of reducing this problem. In addition, the subjects in the poll indicated that they believe that contraception usage in schools has the potential of reducing teenage pregnancies. Many American people support the view points, that schools should offer contraceptives to students in schools. This can really help minimize...
Trussell, J., Stewart, F., Potts, M., Guest, F., & Ellertson, C. (1993). Should Oral Contraceptives
The Russell-Uflad Company developed the RU-486 pill in France in 1980. The women of France greatly hailed the development of this pill. It was said to be safer, easier, and more private since the pill can be taken at home, or in a doctor's office instead of a hospital. The pill has proven to be very effective and has found its way to the United States, but is only tentatively approved. Why should it not be approved if it could be an easier, more private way to have an abortion? Over half a million women in France have used the RU-486 pill and there have been very few cases reported with serious side effects. (Banwell 82) The side effects have only occurred in 4 percent of the women who have already used the pill. The side effects have been so minor that most of the women did not need medical attention.
With all the work put into finding ways to prevent pregnancy and help the pain of menstrual cycles, it is a shame to see it denied to women working for big companies. The amount of girls and women who use any type of birth control is very high and continues to stay this way because of the benefits and the percentage of birth control working for these women. Taking away working women’s access to affordable birth control is unacceptable and I hope that one day soon all women will have access to affordable birth
Oakley, Ann. “Beyond The Yellow Wallpaper.” Reproductive Health Matters 5.10 (1997): 29-39. JSTOR. Web. 7 April 2011.
Freely accessible birth control for teenagers has always been a topic of debate, but it prevents pregnancy, abortion, and it also has many health benefits. There are cons to the argument that suggests a rise in promiscuity in the adolescent demographic, but in spite of these cons the rise of birth control continues, because access to birth control helps adolescents make an informed and safe decision on whether or not to participate in sexual activities. It doesn’t make the decision for them.
We already know that some minors are stupid enough, naive enough, or defiant enough to have sexual intercourse with another person. That is all you need to know to figure out if minors should or should not be able to use birth control, if they’re going do it anyways, they should be able to protect themselves for the future. Approximately 1 million adolescent teens become pregnant each year and 86% of STI’s (Sexually transmitted infection) happen between ages 15-29 years old, showing just how big of a social issue this is for Americans. A valid argue against is, if you don 't let them protect themselves, they won’t have sex at all, fearing the consequences. This essay will cover why it is imperative that it is legal for minors to use birth
3. Chandra A; Martinez GM, Mosher WD, Abma JC, Jones J (November 2005). Fertility, Family Planning, and Reproductive Health of U.S.Women: Data From the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Hyattsville, Maryland: US Department of Health and Human Services. pp. 17, 90. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
Birth control has been in effect for a long time. People think that the pill or condom would hold the top spot for number one, but no. What many people do not know is that sterilization is the number one form of birth control. Today sterilization is a form of contraception for more than 223 million couples (Scott and Glasier, 2003). Even though sterilization is the number one procedure it has not always been executed through the consensus of its partakers.
"Facts on Induced Abortion in the United States." Guttmacher Institute: Home Page. Guttmacher Institute, 15 July 2002. Web. The Web.