The United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon launched the Zero Hunger Challenge in 2012 which has been absorbed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) agenda to be achieved by 2030. The SDGs which aim at transforming the world through sustainable development are a set of 17 "Global Goals". These include ending poverty and hunger (SDGs 1 and 2), improving health, nutrition and education (SDGs 3 and 4), making cities more sustainable, combating climate change, and protecting oceans and forests (SDGs 11, 13 and 14). The focus of the fifth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is gender equality. Since women comprise of approximately half the global population, it is important that they are integrated in all the SDGs especially the first …show more content…
These are referred to as intergenerational benefits (Ramakrishnan et al, 1999, Hoddinott et al., 2011). Poor nutrition starts in utero and extends, particularly for girls and women, till adult life (United Nations ACC/SCN, 2000). Inadequate food, health and care and a lack of proper sanitation and drinking water, leads to the growth of more malnourished adults (UNICEF, 1990). Undernutrition that occurs during childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy for women has an adverse impact on the birthweight of infants. When undernourished women are pregnant, they are unable to provide the right environment for the foetus in the first 270 days of the window of opportunity when children are completely dependent on their mothers to get essential energy, protein, fats, and micronutrients (Martorell, 1999).These infants might be born with a Low−birthweight (LBW) and also suffer from intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). If these infants survive, it is quite probable that they suffer from undernutrition (Figure 1). Low birthweight is associated with higher probability of the child being stunted or underweight especially in the first 1000 days. Such children are more likely to face cognitive impairments, short stature, lower resistance to infections, and a higher risk of disease and death throughout their
The following case study critiques Upton’s vision to establish a sustainable community through implementing comprehensive sustainable strategy. The urban periphery development is thought to demonstrate superior execution of sustainable principles in development (Jackson 2007). As a parallel, the report focuses on the development of Upton’s design code and demonstrates how large -scale mix-use developments can incorporate sustainable practice and principles of urban growth.
World hunger is a very important epidemic because of the risks or implications it imposes on the rest of the world. Juveniles are the utmost apparent victims of under-nutrition. 2.6 million children die as a result of hunger-related causes each year. 66 million school-aged children go to classes hungry across the developing world, with 23 million in Africa alone. One in four of the world's youth are kept from growing due to malnutrition. In developing countries the proportion can rise to one in three. A strong maternal-infant bond provided through psychosocial stimulation is essential for positive child development. The formation of this bond at the beginning of life is an essential step that sets the stage for cognitive,emotional, and social development later in life. Feeding and other care practices provide opportunities for psychosocial stimulation and help to establish a positive attachment between caregiver and child.(WHO) Under-nutrition magnifies the effect of every disease, such as measles,diarrhea and malaria. Asia has the largest number of hungry people (over 500 million) however S...
25. LETAMO G, MAJELANTLE R. FACTORS INFLUENCING LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND PREMATURITY IN BOTSWANA. J Biosoc Sci 2001;33(03):391-403.
...lem in the world. LBW is arisen because of preterm births and, intrauterine growth retardation, or both. Many risk factors including low pre pregnancy BMI, poor dietary patterns, poverty, low antenatal weight gain, and infections causes the infants to be Low Birth Weight. There are many health consequences can be seen due to LBW and some of them are neonatal morbidity and mortality, effects related to cognitive and neurological development. Some suggestions to decrease the incidence of LBW are improving food intake, getting medications for chronic diseases, preventing teenage gestations, educating teenagers and mothers about LBW and preventing from infections and malaria. South Asia is the highest low birth weight reporting region in the world. UNICEF and World Health Organization have been conducting many projects to lower the low birth weight rate in the world.
In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declared all acts of discrimination on the basis of sex unlawful. 31 years later, the Convention on Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was adopted by the General Assembly. The CEDAW prompted an international document of the same name that advocates for the full incorporation of women in decision making capacities. It also “emphasis the civil rights, legal rights of women, reproductive roles and rights, impact of cultural factors on gender relations and barriers on advancement of women (World Bank, 2012). Moreover, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) outlined the most pervasive threats to global peace and security and set eight goals on how to eradicate them. These goals are referred to as Millennium Development Goals (MDG). 189 member states in 2000 vowed to “Promote gender equality and empower women” when they endorsed the UNDP’S MDG.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. Among the 17 goals the third goal is to achieve good health and well-being (UNDP). To achieve this goal, it is definitely known that passing the obstacles available in the overall activities performed to bring about health and well-being. The third goal in its sub goal gives attention on achieving universal health coverage which is an ongoing process for every country as they work to ensure that all people receive the health services they need without experiencing financial hardship. How these financial hardships can be minimized?
Macfarlane and Mugford, 2000). However, birth weight is a major factor in determining infant survival, future physical growth and mental development. In addition, maternal nutritional status mainly affect to the low birth weight.
There are also multiple deficiencies the children suffer from that have serious side-effects on their health. The effects of undernutrition doesn’t stop at wasting, being underweight, and stunting, but it can also increase the chances of the child being susceptible to disease and death (Basset, 2010). It can also affect their mental and physical development which in turn affects how well they do in school. Although Haiti has been making improvement on their undernutrition problem with children, they still have higher rates for being underweight and wasting. One in every ten children under the age of 10 in Haiti are wasted, one in every three are stunted and two in every ten are underweight according to a survey conducted by the fourth national Haiti Demographic and Health Survey (Ayoya et al., 2013). They also found that the stunting occurs more often in rural areas versus urban due to the rural area being higher in
Birth weight is considered as the first weight that measures immediately after birth of the baby. Birth weight of an infant is a strong indicator of the newborn's survival chances, growth, long-term health as well as the psychosocial development. Furthermore it is an efficient sign of the health and nutritional status during the pregnancy period and pre pregnancy period. Low birth weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than2500 grams (5.5 pounds). According to their survey results low birth weight babies are approximately 20 times have the chance of being fatal than normal babies within the first year of their life time. This LBW has become a crucial issue especially in the developing countries rather than in the developed countries. According to the estimat...
that, in turn, could adversely affect the weight of very young children” (child Trends). Works cited Alaimo, K., Olson, C. M., Frongillo, E. A., & Briefel, R. R. (2001). Food insufficiency, family income, and health in U.S. preschool and school-aged children. American Journal of Public Health, 91(5), 781-786. Bronte-Tinkew, J., Zaslow, M., Capps, R., & Horowitz, A. (2007).
Sustainability could be defined in many ways. It could be defined as the process to sustain a process or develop new technologies to reduce environment pollution. It also means a measurement how badly the environment is being polluted by other factors. I have to admit that sustainability is a great idea related to many fields such as healthy, economy, food, social, and etc. However, I still remember the first day of “Sustainable Business” class, Professor Laverty showed to my class an example of sustainable product with the idea of “produce more with less waste”. This example narrows me down to one idea of “Sustainable Business”, which is producing the product and services in an efficient and sustainable way without causing harms to environment. In this essay, I want to emphasize into impacts of businesses on environments, profitability of sustainable business, and responsibility of business.
“Malnourished children are 20% less literate than those with a healthier diet, says UK charity Save the Children” (The Information Daily). When parents become victims of poverty it can have some very unpleasing long and short term effects to their children. Parents in poverty have a lot on their plate and buying the best quality food or affording enough food can be a tumultuous task. Quality nutrition is essential for the development of the brain. At a young age, poor nutrition or not enough nutrition can seriously hinder “the brain 's development, a child’s ability to learn and has a devastating impact on a child’s future”(The Information Daily). “Malnutrition in the early developmental stages of the brain, by restricting the children’s cognitive growth, can lower a child 's IQ has much has 20 points”(The Information Daily). Long term effects of malnutrition leave permanent damage to the brain, however, malnutrition has short term effects as well. Malnourishment can greatly compromise a child’s immune system, making them more susceptible to infectious diseases. “Low counts of zinc, iron and vitamin A are commonly associated with weakened immune function” (Orphan Nutrition). A deadly infection can have a huge impact on a poverty stricken family leading to less affordability. Malnutrition negatively affects a student throughout their educational
In class we discussed what sustainable development meant to us; each group had its own definition. Our group’s definition was that sustainable development is for the long term for future generations, for the basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, and job. The basic will increase over time and our resources will diminish, which why sustainable development is important. Sustainable development is important for future generations so that they end up with a world better than ours. Sustainable development is achievable if society works together to meet everyone’s basic needs and create a better world.
World Bank. Gender and Development Group. Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals. 4 April 2003
The United Nations recently published a list of goals they hope to accomplish by 2030 called the Sustainable Development Goals. These goals will replace the Millennium Development Goals, which were set in 2000, when they expire at the end of 2015. Some of these goals include ending poverty, promoting gender equality, and improving water and sanitation conditions. Arguably, the most important goal is to “end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture” (in text citation- NY Times Article). Hunger was also an important goal on the MDG list, yet it was not fully accomplished (in text citation- Progress chart). The goals was to reduce hunger by half, and yet, the number of people who go to bed hungry