Coal:
One of our potentially most valuable resources is Coal. Pakistan is not blessed with large reserves of oil and the opportunity for the hydroelectric potential is confined to the northern region of the country. However, we do have very large deposits of coal, which were discovered at Thar over a decade ago by the Sindh Arid Zone Development Authority. In 1991, enormous coal deposits were conferred by the Geological Survey of Pakistan and the United States Agency for International Development.
Pakistan's Thar Desert contains the largest coal reserves discovered to date, covering an area of 10,000 square kilometers. The Thar Coal Field, should it be developed, will yield over 200 billion ton of coal used to produce electricity, it will yield sufficient power to make Pakistan self-sufficient in Electrical power.
According to Dr Murtaza Mughal president of Pakistan Economy Watch, Pakistan's 185 billion tonnes of coal worth USD 25 trillion can not only cater the electricity requirements of the country for next 100 years but also save almost four billion dollars in staggering oil import bill.
The total coal reserves of Sindh have been estimated to be 184.6 billion tonnes, and the coal deposits of Thar alone are estimated to be 175.5 billion tones. In addition to That, there are other coalfields in Sindh, at Lakhra, Sonda, and Jherruck and the Indus East. The Lakhra coalfield is already fully developed and contains mineable coal reserves of 146 million tones.
As things stand Pakistan, exported petroleum and coal products worth $374.48 million during July-September 2011-12, against the exports of $270.56 million during July-September 2010-11,as reported by the Federal Board of Statistics (FBS) reported. The export of just coal sto...
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...hidden potential.
One step that we can take, is the use of biotech crops. Today, 8.2 million farmers in 17 countries of whom 90 per cent belong to the developing countries choose to plant biotech crops. The use of biotech crops has significantly reduced pesticide usage while increasing yields. Many Asian countries including China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan and Vietnam are giving high priority to plant biotechnology research in the hope of addressing the pressing challenges related to improving productivity, farmers livelihoods, driving rural development, and meeting food security demands. Many of these countries focus their biotechnology research on food crops and non food crops and crops of high commercial value in the hope of meeting increasing food requirements and reducing use of pesticides and poverty alleviation in rural area.
Coal is by far the most abundant of fossil fuels, and will be available for much longer than oil. Having been harvested and burned since the 13th century, a massive infrastructure has been formed to quickly and efficiently mine, deliver, and burn coal. Coal is also the cheapest of fossil fuels (The Futurist, 1997)
How coal is formed is quite an interesting topic. It started over millions of years ago in ancient swamps when vegetation and trees died and formed peat (it is where vegetation builds up and turns into a super messy pile of stuff). This peat was eventually covered with either dirt or sand. As the peat is covered and pressure the gas that the peat gives off starts to get trapped in the new forming coal. Several years the peat now turns to rock known as coal. As the planetary plates shift the coal moves and forms pockets and runs in the earth. Then people came along and found out how to harness is power. People had to get the coal out of the earth. One way they found out how to get it out was to dig it out of the underground tunnels to find where the coal runs. Another way to get the coal is to strip mine the coal this is where the miners remove huge amounts of dirt to get to the coal. Both of these mining techniques are extremely dangers.
Today 80% of the energy we use comes from fossil fuels and about 1% comes from solar energy, which is not such a bright idea since nonrenewable resources, such as oil, coal, and gas, are limited (Eia 1). Most significant uses of coal are in steel production, electricity, cement manufacturing, and as a liquid fuel. Solar energy is one of the least used energy sources we have access to in the world; it is also one our mother Earth is relying on to save the nonrenewable fuels, such as fossil fuels. Solar energy is a very useful resource that many of us do not take advantage of because of the limited amount of information we know about it. Cooking coal, also known as metallurgical coal, is used for steel production as well. Coal comes from very
...and is where the country’s largest coal deposits are located. The country of Australia is very resource dependant and with all it has to offer you can see why.
The natural resource that I am writing this paper on is coal. Coal is a cheap, dirty fossil fuel which we burn to create power. Coal is the most abundant in North America and in Russia, including the area around it. China also has a fairly good amount of coal in it too. Coal, like all of the other fossil fuels is nonrenewable and will eventually run out, in the not so near future. Coal is very important to many of the countries of the world. The countries that use the most coal are China, the United States, India, Russia, and Japan. These five countries “account for 76% of total global coal use.” (World Coal Association, 2014).
Most of america does not know but two out of twelve percent of the united states coal will be shut down by or in 2025.(Jeff Spross) This is terrible because coal is what the world runs on. People in america are happy because it is going to make the environment better, but when it comes down to it they will complain when electric prices go up because it cost more to make energy. Coal is what powers phones, houses, schools, restaurants, gas stations, it is what powers the tools to build the houses that keep us warm at night, and the cities and towns we all call home across America.
Coal production in the world has been a revolutionary aspect for humans. Life today as we know it is easy because of the significant impact coal had during the Industrial Revolution. Coal is namely one of the cheapest energy sources available on Earth when being compare to oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy but it creates a few problems when it’s used, specifically environmental ones. Nonetheless this energy resource has been a key concept for many countries as it has provided them with a booming economy. An example would be China who is one of the largest producers and consumers of this energy resource.
electricity generation, which accounts for 90 percent of its total usage. The U.S. is the second largest producer of coal, falling behind China. At the end of 2003, there was an estimated 268 billion tons of coal reserves in the U.S. (Agency, Coal - Clean Energy, 2013) The U.S. produced 948 million short tons of coal in 2013, with now over 10 trillion short tons in reserve. U.S. mining operations support over 500 coal burning power plants, supplied by U.S. rail systems. (EIA, 2014) Coal is currently gaining ground in terms of demand. Despite the negative associations given to coal, it has many positives. There is an abundance of coal in large quantities that is readily available on-hand locally in the United States. This can save on importation fees. It is safer than natural gas to transport; however, mining can still be somewhat dangerous. Above all, it is the cheapest source of energy that is available at this time. (Nersesian, 2010) Coal is relatively inexpensive and in thriving in a mature industry. It is very abundant in highly industrialized countries, and can be transformed into a liquid or gas which burns cleaner. (Association, 2014)
Coal is formed from organic material that decays over millions of year, all the while it experiences extreme pressure from the weight above it and extreme heat. As it takes a long period of time to form, coal is a non renewable resource. To prepare
The coal obviously will not be the one. Apart from the finitude of coal miner, coal itself is the cause of lots of pollution. The combustion of coal, especially carbon dioxide, contributes most to acid rain as well as air pollution, and has been connected with global warming. Moreover, a number of verse health effects of coal burning exist. Coal-fired power plants cause nearly 24,000 premature deaths annually in the United States, including 2,800 from lung cancer. ("Deadly Power Plants? Study Fuels Debate: Thousands of Early Deaths Tied To Emissions." MSNBC (2004-09-06) .Retrieved 5 November 2008.) Annual health costs in Europe from use of coal to generate electricity are €42.8 billion, or $55 billion. ("The Unpaid Health Bill – How coal power plants make us sick". Health and Environment Alliance. Retrieved 7 March 2013.)
This coupled with rising number of coal-fired power plants being set up in India to supply electricity for its vast population as well as India’s favorable geographical position towards Indonesia is evidence to Indonesia’s comparative advantage in the production and export of coal. Also, the domestic consumption of coal in Indonesia is relatively low. Therefore, the high national production along with high foreign demand leads to a scenario of larger
About 70% of India's energy generation capacity is from fossil fuels, with crude oil accounting for 28% of India's total energy consumption Economic growth is driving its energy demand. India is largely dependent on fossil fuel imports to meet its energy demands by 2030; India's dependence on energy imports is expected to exceed 53% of the country's total energy consumption.
Pakistan is facing energy crises due to increase in demand, a poor management and lack of investment in our energy resources. Our energy needs depends upon oil and gas. We have to import about 30% energy in the form of crude oil, coal, LPG etc. [5]
Coal mining can benefit humans as well as it supports the economy in many ways. Coal mining provides a lot of jobs for local communities. It provides over 7 million jobs worldwide.
Mineral resources in any form are gift from nature in the countries where they are found. Almost every country depends largely on exports of its mineral resources, earning a major portion of their foreign exchange from these exports. Pakistan is gifted with significant mineral resources and emerging as a very promising area for exploration of mineral deposits. Pakistan has great potential in the metallic minerals like copper, gold, silver, platinum, chromites, iron, lead and zinc, a fact confirmed by various regional geological surveys, conducted in the recent past. A total of about 52 minerals are mined in Pakistan but there mining is on a relatively small scale. Considerable resources of coal (186 billion tons), copper (6000 million tons), gold (1656 million tons), silver (618 million tons), lead-zinc (23.72 million tons), manganese (.597 million tons), chromite (2.527 million tons), iron ore (1400 million tons) and precious and semiprecious stones have been identified in different parts of the country. Figure 1 shows a brief mineral summary of the country.