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The need for regulation of financial reporting
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Financial accounting is the process of reporting a variety of information from a specific entity with hope to aid internal and external parties about the financial position of the entity (Hoggett et al., 2006). The guidelines of these reports are heavily regulated by an array of corporations to provide a true and honest image of the entities financial position. There are a select group of main bodies that construct the framework for the Regulations of Financial Reporting with in Australia. To regulate financial reporting the Corporations Act was formed so that all accountants may conform to the standard. This act was created by the Commonwealth of Australia and focuses not only on companies but also investments and partnerships. This Act is …show more content…
The second body that regulates the frame work is the Australian Accountants Standard board. The AASB has been constituted under the ASIC. This Australian Government agency is responsible for developing a conceptual framework with the goal to evaluate the proposed standards. The AASB also produce accounting standards for a diverse collection of other purposes. The AASB has been given power to control the accounting standard thought the legal Corporations Act. For these reasons, it is recognized nationally as the standard setter and centre of excellence. The AASB is the central board where all the individual bodies work together to create valuable and useful regulations. The Australian Accountants standard board is also made up of the conceptual framework and the Australians accounting standards. These two-overall give conceptual and integrity to the standards of Australia which is to be enforced. The fourth main body that is primarily involved to create and issue financial reporting standards is the FRC (Financial Reporting Council) like a regular council is another overseer of the …show more content…
They are limited on how far they are legally able to reach out to the technical deliberations of the AASB and become involved. The Australian Stock Exchange is a facility used constantly on a regular daily basis. It provides a place for public companies to list, sell, and transfer its equities to investors. The ASX requires of the companies that wish to list their company on the website to produce financial statement. These financial statements are general purpose states that are to be comparable between the other companies listed and must be in harmony with the accounting standards that are set by the Australian Accounting Standards Board. Therefore, the ASX does not directly regulate the financial reporting process, but rather indirectly can set requirements for companies with the leverage of the benefit of the ASX on the line. The corporations act is not replaced in this situation but having the set requirements further enhance the Corporations Act. The Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AUASB) is like the AASB. The AUASB is also operating beneath the Australian Securities and Investments Commission
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). Accounting Standards Codification TM. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), 2010. Web. 16 May 2014.
The FASB Codification will supersede all then-existing non-SEC accounting and reporting standards form on governmental entities. All other non-grandfathered, non-SEC accounting literature not included in the Codification will become non-authoritative.
To help accounting professionals easily navigate through 50-plus years of unorganized US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and standards the Trustees of the Financial Accounting Foundation approved the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (Codification.) By codifying authoritative US GAAP, FASB will provide users with real-time and accurate information in one location. Concurrently, FASB developed the FASB Codification Research System; a web-based system allowing registered users to electronically research accounting issues. Since 2009, the codification became the single source of nongovernmental authoritative GAAP.
Through the number of projects undertaken, we can see that there was a push for the development of a proper financial body. From 1966, the first set of CFs were developed from the joint actions of the Australian Accounting Research Foundation (AARF) and the Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (PSASB)
Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) is the independent organization that improves and establishes the accounting standards for the United States and local governments. It was established in 1984 by an agreement by the Financial Accounting Foundation and ten national associations of local governments. The mission of the GASB is “to establish and improve standards of the state and local governmental accounting and financial reporting that will result in useful information for users of financial reports, and to guide and educate the public and users of those financial reports (GASB 2014).” Their four core values are: independence, integrity, objectivity, and transparency. The GASB is not a governmental entity, and it is a component of the Financial Accounting Foundation which is a private sector not for profit entity. The GASB standards are not federal laws or regulations, and the GASB does not enforcement authority. However, the standards are enforceable through the laws of the individual states and the auditing process. The process of a standard being set is by due process, and the Governmental Accounting Standards Advisory Council consists of thirty members that are appointed by the Financial Accounting Foundation Trustees. Th...
Under AASB 8[5] (2012), Qantas as a for-profit entity whose shares are traded on the ASX (Qantas 2013, p. 104) and who engages in aviation services, is required to report operating segments for which discrete financial information that is reviewed regularly by the chief operating decision maker (CODM) in deciding resource allocations and assessing performance is available. Shanahan (2011) contends Qantas has breached AASB 8 by not making international operations (IO) a separate operating segment because information on IO’s loss would have been reported internally and periodically reviewed by CODM as it largely instigated Qantas’s transformation initiatives. This internal information should be disclosed ‘to shareholders at an appropriate level of aggregation’ (Shanahan 2011) to ‘give real insight about a company’s performance’ (Shanahan 2011) and enable users to view Qantas ‘through the eyes of management’ (Parker 2007, p. 72).
Other regulators whose roles and powers are relevant to banking and finance lawyers The Council of Financial Regulators (CFR) is made up of the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), the Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC), the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the Australian Treasury. APRA, ASIC and RBA work together for a coordinated approach to resolve matters relating to the stability of the Australian financial system, and the CFR provides advice to the Australian Government on the adequacy of Australia’s financial regulatory arrangements. In addition to the CFR, practitioners are likely to come across a number of other regulators.
As the IASB ED will clearly not apply for listed entities, it is necessary to look at the Australian accounting requirements for unlisted (proprietary) entities and how these requirements differ to the international definition. Whether unlisted entities are subject to the accounting requirements of the Corporations Act 2001 depends on whether they are classified as small or large, thus a size-threshold test will be deployed. According to section 292 (2), 293 and 294 Corporations Act, small proprietary companies do not have to prepare and lodge financial reports unless there is a requirement from the ASIC, or they are directed by a 5% vote of their share¬holders, or they are controlled by a foreign company.
Financial accounting is the analysis, classification, and recording of financial transactions and reporting such information to respective users especially external users who use the information to make decisions about their engagements with the entity. In financial accounting general purpose financial statements are used for external reporting. The public by standards imposes the development of the statements through respective national professional bodies, International Accounting Standards Board and respective company Acts for various nations.
Private and public accounting has long been discussed and disputed in regards to financial reporting. Since the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was created in 1973, accountants have called for different accounting regulations for private and public accounting sectors, as private companies do not have the resources to meet the complex requirements of public companies. Private companies currently are not required by law to issue annual or quarterly financial statements (James, 2012). Private companies do, however, have the option to apply the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), cash basis, or accrual accounting to their financial statements (James, 2012).
According to the conceptual framework, the potential users of financial statements are investors, creditors, suppliers, employees, customers, governments and agencies, and the general public (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006). The primary users are investors, creditors, and those who advise them. It goes on to define the criteria that make up each potential user, as well as, the limitations of financial reporting. The FASB explicitly states that financial reporting is “but one source of information needed by those who make investment, credit, and similar resource allocation decisions. Users also need to consider pertinent information from other sources, and be aware of the characteristics and limitations of the information in them” (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006). With this in mind, it is still particularly difficult to determine whom the financials should be catered towards and what level of prudence is necessary for quality judgment.
AASB, Australian Accounting Standards Board, Statement of Accounting Concepts SAC4 ‘Definition and recognition of the elements of financial stat
The International Accounting Standards Board, (IASB), began life as the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) in the 1973. The IASC was created in June 1973 as a result of an agreement by the accountancy bodies of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland and the United States. These countries constituted the Board of IASC at that time.
According to business, or any organization, Accounting plays a major role in developing and growth of the business. Financial standards of the organization expected as the complexities of business growth and expansion. Hence determining the implementation of the standards can vary according to the type of industry, business or organization.
The third organization that helps to regulate the accounting standards is the IASB. “Our mission is to develop, in the public interest, a single set of high quality, understandable and international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) for general purpose financial statements”(IASB 2008,¶ 1). The IASB consists of a board that is made up from nine different countries with the sole purpose of expanding accounting standards. Their main hope and goal is to one day that there will be only one set of accounting standards that will be used throughout the world.