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Attachment Style
The attachment style questionnaire is a series of questions to decide your attachment in your relationships.
The questionnaire asks questions about your relationships with different people in your life. Questions about how you feel in different situations with your parents, friends, significant others and people in general that you have contact with. There are four different sections of the questionnaire. The SAAM survey is designed to assess attachment related states it measures your security, anxiety, and avoidance with others. The Subjective Well Being (SWB) survey is designed to assess how satisfied you are with your life. The Investment Model Scale (IMS) is designed to assess four domains of relationship functioning that captures this kind of nuance: commitment, satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investments. The Five Factor Model is a vast number of ways people can differ from one another with respects to their personalities summarized about five core dimensions: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience.
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(http://www.web-research-design.net/cgi-bin/crq/crq.pl). In the past I struggled with low self-esteem. Now I have grown to be happy with where I am in life with what I have. I may not have a lot of friends, but I have a few real close ones that are more like family to me. I have a wonderful church family that I know will be there for me no matter what. I may not have all the material items that I would like to have but nevertheless I consider my self-blessed. The investment model survey looks at relationship functioning with commitment, satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and investments. This part focuses on your relationship with your significant other. The results from this section are missing from my survey results because I am not in a
Attachment theory could be considered one of the most important aspects of how we develop starting out as an infant. In the article “Can Attachment Theory Explain All Our Relationships” By: Bethany Saltman, she explains to us her personal experience and struggles raising her daughter, and her experience as a child and her own attachment. There are three types of attachment types, secure, avoidant, and resistant and the trouble with today is that only 60% of people are considered “secure”. There also subgroups that are called disorganization. Attachment will often pass generation to generation, so it is likely that if someone has an insecure attachment because of the way they were raised they will struggle to create a secure attachment for their own children. Although it can be reversed and changed with the
Further, based on 14 year old, eight grade Jane Smith’s scenario, the reliability, validity and cultural considerations of the tool will be evaluated. In its 478 items, the MMPI-A covers the 10 original scales of MPPI, six validity scales, PSY-5 scales, and 15 content component scales. There are also three social introversion sub-scales, the 31 Harris Lingoes sub-scales and six supplementary scales. More importantly, studies of the MMPI-A have shown high test and retest consistency through which reliability and validity can be guaranteed (Gass & Odland, 2012).
In this article, IJzendoorn discusses the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985) and how it is related to it and the Strange Situation procedure (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall 1978). IJzendoorn states that the AAI is constant, without bias, and unrelated to IQ with good psychometric aspects. When considering alternative studies focused on the influence of childhood experiences on functioning later in life, the AAI demonstrates faithfulness to be out of the ordinary but also reliable. The main underlying consensus IJzendoorn wants his audience to take away from the first section in his article is the validity of the AAI and to introduce his understanding of how Fox’s (1995) speculations address doubts about the AAI’s reliability and validity.
Criticisms of attachment theory have come mainly from the feminist schools of thought since the theory has been used to argue that no woman with a young child should work outside the home or spend time away from her baby (Goodsell and Meldrum, 2010). Children’s experience and development also depend on what happens after early years, whether bad or good later in life may change a child’s emotional development, e.g. lack of basic needs, diet, education, stimulation such as play might affect a child’s development (Rutter, 1981) Difference in cultures have to be taken into consideration as well. A study by Schaffer and Emmerson (1964) provided contradictory evidence from Bowlby’s attachment theory. They noted attachment was more prominent at eight months, and afterwards children became attached to more than one person. By one year six months only 13%of infants had one attachment. This study by Schafer and Emmerson (1964) concluded care giver can be male or female and mothering can be a shared responsibility. Social workers should therefore understand that parents are not totally responsible for the way the children develop. They did give them their genes and therefore do have some influence. Attachment theory also fails to consider the fact that the father and siblings, and other close relatives can also
The first topic that came up in the interview relates to idea of attachment theory. Attachment theory explains the human’s way of relating to a caregiver and receives an attachment figures relating to the parent, and children. In addition, the concept explains the confidence and ability for a child to free explore their environment with a place to seek support, protection, and comfort in times of distress (Levy, Ellison, Scott, and Bernecker, 2010, p. 193). Within attachment theory explains different types of attachment styles that children experience during early childhood. These attachment styles affect the relationships they continue to build in adulthood. The best attachment style happens when the parent is attuned to the child during his or her early childhood called secure attachment (Reyes, 2010, p. 174). In order for complete secure attachment, the child needs to feel safe, seen, and soothed. Any relationship that deviates from this model represents the anxious or insecure attachment. This means that parents or caregivers are inconsistently responsive to the children. Children who have these parents are usually confused and insecure. Some children experience a dismissive attachment where they
The therapeutic process is an opportunity for both healing and restoration as well as discovering new ways of being. Although exposed to a variety of psychological theories, I narrowed my theoretical orientation to a relational psychodynamic approach, drawing on attachment theory and Intersubjective Systems Theory (IST). IST describes how the subjective experiences, both embodied and affective, of an individual becomes the manner of organization, or way of being, in which the person operates in the world relationally. It is through this process of transference and countertransference, the unconscious ways of being can become explicit and through the collaborative effort of therapist and client, new ways of organizing the relational world can
The questions on the questionnaire were based on those areas to determine my style of attachment. According to the Adult Attachment Style questionnaire, my attachment style fell under the secure region. Which indicates that people that fall under this style tend to maintain satisfying relationships with their partners. It seems appropriate, and I agree with the results, because as an infant I would use my mother as a secure base and depend on her a lot.
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P.R. (1999). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. New York: The Guilford Press.
A set of image recognition tasks was used to investigate the gender differences in the distinguishing of expressed emotions. Evolutionary theory suggests that women would be superior to males in identifying expressed emotion, due to their predisposition as mothers to respond to the non-verbal cues from children which helps to produce securely attached infants (“Attachment promotion” hypothesis). Therefore the hypothesis was used there would be a significant difference between the performance of males and females at identifying the difference between real and fake smiles. The participants were made up of an opportunistic sample and the sample size was made up of 32 individuals. The age range was between 18 years old and 52 years old. Each participant
Personality is massive part of an individual’s identity. Our personalities dictate our patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. An individual’s personality exposes them to predispositions and habits that influence their actions and lives. Early on, personality assessments consisted of physical features ranging from head shape and facial characteristics to body type. In today’s world, personality assessments are mainly based around traits. Traits are simply descriptions of one’s habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion. The most popular personality assessment is the Five-Factor Model, also known as The Big Five. This model allows us to describe people based on the five main traits/dimensions. These traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each of these five traits measures a different aspect of one’s personality. Extraversion is based on one’s level of engagement with the world,
Identification of any psychosocial or contextual factors to be considered, as outlined in the DSM-5
Attachment is an emotional bond that is from one person to another. The attachment theory is a psychological, an evolutionary and an ethological theory that is concerned with relationships between humans, specifically between mother and infant. A young infant has to develop a relationship with at least one of their primary caregivers for them to develop socially and emotionally. Social competence is the condition that possesses the social, emotional and intellectual skills and behaviours, the infant needs these to success as a member of society. Many studies have been focused on the Western society, but there are many arguments to whether or not this can be applicable to other cultures, such as the poorer countries.
The five-factor model includes five broad domains or dimensions of personality that are used to describe human personality. The five factors are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. While these five traits should be sufficient on their own to describe all facets of a personality, there also should be no correlation between the main factors. The Five Factor Model is now perhaps the most widely use trait theory of personality and has achieved the closest thing to a consensus in personality research. The advantage of this theory is that there have been multiple research studies conducted on this theory. Results suggest that this theory is effective in describing and determining personality. However, this theory is very categorical and does not allow for much flexibility. It also looks at the person personality at that time and now how it developed.
The Five-Factor Model of Personality is a system used in order to describe an individual’s personality traits. By requiring said individual to answer a series of questions, this test is able to decipher the traits that are most likely evident within their life. The Five-Factor Model of Personality test gives the test subject a series of situational options. Using the subject’s responses, psychologist match the answers to the personality in which best relates. A highly accurate description of ones’ personality can be easily configured by using the Five-Factor Model of Personality by testing either high or low in the following areas; openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
The capacity to love and be loved enhances communication and benefits the individual’s overall well-being. Furthermore, they are essential to positive outcomes for self and others. People can grow their capacity to love and be loved by taking actions others would perceive as loving and being more vulnerable rather than closed off.