The Animal Bird Essay: The Evolution Of Birds
explanatory Essay
976 words
The Evolution of Birds
Thousands of different types of birds roam the Earth as we know it today, so let’s begin consider the origin of these beings. How had these creatures come to be? What was their original form? The evolution of birds has only recently begun to explode with new information within the last decade (Savile, 1957, p. 212). Birds are unique creatures and inhabit a wide variety of locations, but constant among them is the fact that they came from Archaeopteryx. Over time, three key changes have developed with the bird’s anatomy that makes it a paradigm of evolution.
Today, the wing is among the most essential aspects of a bird. Therefore, understanding the morphology of how these wings evolved into flight plays a critical role
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Bhart-Anjan Bhullar, at the University of Chicago in Illinois, and Arhat Abzhanov at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts were among those scientists to study this. They found that there are two proteins, FGF and Wnt, that may play a role in the development of the beak. By inserting these genetic proteins into that of the chicken embryos, the physical features would resemble that of reptiles and other species. They found that the premaxillae were shorter in some and longer in others. With these genes, x-rays showed that the embryonic sculls more closely resembled that of early ancestral birds. In this instance, scientists were trying to simulate devolution in this species of birds to aid in the understanding the adaptation of them …show more content…
Through time, there has been a significant decrease in the number of bones through fusion, or loss of individual bones (“Evolution of Birds”). The loss in these bones result in a “hollow construction of the skeleton,” as well as a reduction in the availability movable joints. Though this seems like it should not benefit the bird, it is actually better adapted as a framework of a “flying machine.” The clavicle of birds is used and near it is a keeled sternum that the flight muscles attach to. The skull of a bird is lightweight and mostly composed of the protein keratin. Without teeth present, the jaw has also become light weight, all aiding in its ability to achieve the best possible flight. The changing in structure of the physical bird and functions of each their bones have aided in their diversification and ability to thrive as the modern bird that we know
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the evolution of birds has only recently begun to explode with new information within the last decade.
- Explains that understanding the morphology of how these wings evolved into flight plays a critical role in birds' history.
- Explains that the evolutionary jumps come from the adaptations of the beak, which is made up of multiple facial prominences, such as the frontonasal mass and the maxillary prominence.
- Explains that the evolution of birds has only recently begun to explode with new information within the last decade.
- Explains that understanding the morphology of how these wings evolved into flight plays a critical role in birds' history.
- Explains that the evolutionary jumps come from the adaptations of the beak, which is made up of multiple facial prominences, such as the frontonasal mass and the maxillary prominence.
- Explains that scientists have found that by studying chicken embryos, they can better understand the adaptation of birds’ beaks.
- Explains that the bones of birds are unique in that they have holes in them to keep their skeleton light for aviation. the changes in structure of the physical bird and functions of each of their bones have aided in their diversification and ability to thrive as the modern bird.
- Explains that birds are creatures that have persevered through histories trials and tribulations. there are over 10,000 species of birds in their habitats all sharing the common ancestor of the archaeopteryx.
- Explains evolution from bird beak to dinosaur snout in the avian wing.
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In this essay, the author
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- Explains the concept of transitional species as an important and complex notion in evolutionary biology.
- Explains that when observing species a, they find that it has many similar traits to that of c. similarly, if species b is the descendent of species c, there would be an intermediate or transitional species.
- Explains that the concept of transitional species is only relative to species that existed before and after it, a way to classify organisms for organizational purposes.
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- Explains that archaeopteryx is the oldest fossil evidence of early birds, and waggoner of the university of california, berkeley states that it bears even more resemblance to its ancestors, the maniraptora, than to modern birds.
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- Explains the pectoral and subclavius muscles, which make the birds' wing stroke very powerful and provide most of the movements needed for its down stroke.
- Explains that flight adaptations involve morphological, anatomical, and embryological modifications that enable an organism to live in a particular habitat.
- Explains the body of birds is boat-like and maintains its equilibrium by the heavy central region. the body is covered by various types of feathers that make it smooth and streamlined.
- Explains the pectoral and subclavius muscles, which make the birds' wing stroke very powerful and provide most of the movements needed for its down stroke.
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- Explains the thoracic vertebrae of birds are fused to help keep the trunk of the body stiff during flight.
- Illustrates the synscacrum of a bird with the last pre-thoracic vertebra.
- Explains that the clavicles of pectoral girdles are fused to form ‘v’ shaped furcula (wish bone or merry thought bone) which acts like a spring between the two wing.
- Explains that the absence of mid-ventral symphysis between pubes and ischia has resulted in a more posterior displacement of the viscera causing shifting of centre of towards the legs.
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- Analyzes how darwin's theory changed our concepts of origin if creationism has been around since the beginning of time.
- Explains that creationism is the religious belief that the universe and life originated from specific acts of divine creation, or that god created the earth and all things on it.
- Explains evolution, also known as darwinism, is the process of different living organisms thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms.
- Analyzes how darwin's theory changed our concepts of origin if creationism has been around since the beginning of time.
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- Explains that american crows (corvus brachyrhynchos) are a species of bird found in the family corvidae, which includes magpies, nutcrackers, and jays.
- Compares american crows with the common raven, which has a shorter wingspan, whereas the two birds have different styles of flying.
- Explains that the american crow is social and has a family life after they leave the nest.
- Cites burton, kress, and eastman's book, birds of forest, yard, & threshold.
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- Explains that the sword-billed hummingbird has the longest beak in the world, and their long tongue enables them to retrieve nectar from flowers.
- Explains that flight has allowed birds to colonize virtually the entire globe, allowing them to dominate the skies.
- Explains that in the video the insatiable appetite, many bird species were portrayed within their innate habitats. the enterprising yellow-bellied sapsucker feeds on the sap of trees from holes they have drilled.
- Explains that the sword-billed hummingbird has the longest beak in the world, and their long tongue enables them to retrieve nectar from flowers.
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