Technology - Java Java - Sun Microsystems was tired of the outdated C and C++ programming languages and saw a booming future in computer technology as the internet started to take off during the mid-1990s. James Gosling, the creator of java employed under Sun Microsystems (now Oracle), had a vision to create an easier and more portable programming language, and thus Java was born. Java was a huge leap in computing as developers could make a program once and run it on any device that accepted Java. It was used in browsers to make interactable applets and only became more popular as the demand for computers grew. As new devices came out from mobile phones to DvD-players, Java was the first on them. Today Java has become integral to everything from corporate software to online games. Java was hugely significant in shaping what the web is today as well as showing the world the potential of Canadians. Social – Oka Crisis Oka Crisis - The Mohawk Warriors created a blockade in the town of Oka to protest against an aboriginal reserve dispute that kept escalating as tensions rose. Cars were flipped over and tires burned to block passage to the land where expansion of a golf course and the construction of luxury condominiums were planned; land that was previously aboriginal burial grounds. The provincial police tried to stop them; however, it ended catastrophically with the death of the officer prompting the intervention of the Army. As this 78-day standoff came to a halt on September 26, 1990, the golf course was cancelled and the land purchased by the federal government, but it was never transferred to the aboriginal community. This was a significant event because it helped uncover the issues with aboriginal affairs. It helped to crea... ... middle of paper ... ...mpled-in-liberal-landslide.html http://www.thegridto.com/city/sports/yonge-and-victorious/ http://www.international.gc.ca/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/nafta-alena/index.aspx?lang=eng http://www.celinedion.us/images/event/2012/celine-dion_20121000ps122.jpg http://www.biography.com/people/celine-dion-9542132 http://www.cbc.ca/archives/categories/politics/civil-unrest/the-oka-crisis-1/the-stand-off-begins.html http://www.cbc.ca/history/EPISCONTENTSE1EP17CH2PA2LE.html http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oka-crisis/ http://www.java.com/en/about/ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/overview/javahistory-index-198355.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Toronto_Blue_Jays_season http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_federal_election,_1993 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java
The Mohawk warriors at Oka did carry the burden of peace because they were peacefully protecting their land, there was no act of violence shown by the Mohawk warriors at Oka against the army, and in the end they had peacefully walked out without putting a fight. According to Marian Scott form the Montreal Gazette, the Mohawks had used the Pines, to graze their livestock and cut wood. Since the 18th century Mohawk members and Mohawk warriors have been protesting peacefully and pressing the government to recognize their land claims, but their requests would always be
Members of the Canadian government and the Indigenous people signed Treaty 6 in 1876. Treaty 6 was “a formal and binding contract between two nations” that would help deal with important matters. Treaty negotiations included land, education, healthcare, government funding, and more. The treaty was created to help benefit both parties – the Canadian government, and the Indigenous people. However, the Canadian government broke this treaty many times. In the mid 1880’s there w...
The Grassy Narrows (Asubpeeschoseewagong) First Nation is an Ojibwa First Nation located north of Kenora, ON. The community has been fighting against environmental injustices imposed on them from various actors over the last 40 years (Rodgers, 2009, para. 10), involving issues with mercury poisoned fish (para. 1) clear cutting of their lands (para. 27) and subsequent degradation of their land, water and food sources. This essay will detail the environmental justice struggles of the Grassy Narrows First Nation, point out the unfair treatment and environmental racism they have been subject to and will also question the role that authority, power and litigation have played within the community.
The Oka Uprising was initially a peaceful protest over the expansion of a golf course on Mohawk territory that turned violent after Quebec’s provincial police, the Sûreté du Québec, responded to the protest with tear gas and flash-bang grenades, eventually escalating to a gun battle between protesters and police. Years after the stand-off, revisionist military historians have praised the Canadian military for avoiding bloodshed because of their “personal commitment [and] calm and attentive approach to native reality,” in which they ought to be commended for “carrying the burden of peace” (Conradi 548). However, Robinson rejects this notion and instead proposes a re-imagining of the Oka conflict through the “adjustment” of First Nations people who fought at Oka with the “bombing of the last Canadian reserve” (Robinson 211). Through “carrying the burden of peace” the Officers are given the power to destroy any semblance of Indigenous tradition, such as the potlatch, and to violently corral all First Nations people to sectioned off “Urban Reserves”. By disrupting popular Canadian perception of law enforcement Robinson succeeds in creating a dystopian image of corrupted power that allows readers to sympathize with the subjection of First Nations people of
Freedom has been discussed and debated for a while now and yet no one can completely agree that it exists. Since the Civil, War America has been conditioned to be divided politically. The conflict over the meaning of freedom continues to exist from the civil war, throughout the sixties and in the present. The Civil War was fought over the question of what freedom means in America. The issue was in the open for all to see: slavery. Human slavery was the shameless face of the idea of freedom. The cultural war in the sixties was once more about the question of what freedom is and what it means to Americans. No slaves. Instead, in the sixties and seventies four main issues dominated the struggle for racial equality: opposition to discriminatory immigration controls; the fight against racist attacks; the struggle for equality in the workplace; and, most explosively, the issue of police brutality. For more than two centuries, Americans demanded successive expansions of freedom; progressive freedom. Americans wanted freedom that grants expansions of voting rights, civil rights, education, public health, scientific knowledge and protections from fear.
The journey for the Aboriginals to receive the right to keep and negotiate land claims with the Canadian government was long but prosperous. Before the 1970's the federal government chose not to preform their responsibilities involving Aboriginal issues, this created an extremely inefficient way for the Aboriginals to deal with their land right problems. The land claims created by the Canadian government benefited the aboriginals as shown through the Calder Case, the creation of the Office of Native Claims and the policy of Outstanding Business.
Nearly three decades have passed since the eleven-week armed stand-off between the Mohawk Warrior Society, Sûreté de Québec, and Canadian Armed Forces, commonly known among Settlers as the Oka Crisis. While the relative success of the conflict on the behalf of the Kanien’kehá:ka people is still widely debated today, it is undeniable that it fundamentally changed Indigenous-State relations in Canada. One concrete measure that stemmed out of the stand-off was the creation of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal peoples (RCAP) a year later in 1991. The largest and most expensive commission in Canadian history, RCAP was tasked with contextualizing the history of the Indigenous-State relationship and producing recommendations for its improvement.
Whites found gold in Sioux land and wanted the Sioux to sell their land. The Sioux said no, and so the whites invaded. “Anyway, this was all the excuse needed for government to pour resources into subduing Sioux and negotiating a new treaty (1876) which ceded the Black Hills. And much hunting ground. This: destroyed way of life, disrupted leadership, destroyed economy, destroyed religion, and created conflicts among Indians themselves.” In 1878, the Timber and Stone Act let people buy land that was “unfit for cultivation” for really cheap prices.
From 1945 to 2010 Canada treated the First Nations people unfairly when it came to their rights to the land and use of its bountiful resources. In order to make things fair, the Canadian government issues treaties, which were meant to initiate the regulations of the land and its resources whatever they may be, and to verify the rights, obligations, and ownership of the land; But sometimes these treaties are broken. A well-known example of aboriginal injustice happened in the year 1990 from July 11th – September 26th. The Oka Crisis, as it was called, was a 78 day confrontati...
The Indian Act no longer remains an undisputable aspect of the Aboriginal landscape in Canada. For years, this federal legislation (that was both controversial and invasive) governed practically all of the aspects of Aboriginal life, starting with the nature of band governance and land tenure. Most importantly, the Indian act defines qualifications of being a “status Indian,” and has been the source of Aboriginal hatred, due to the government attempting to control Aboriginals’ identities and status. This historical importance of this legislation is now being steadily forgotten. Politically speaking, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal critics of the Indian act often have insufferable opinions of the limits of the Indian Act’s governance, and often argue to have this administrative device completely exterminated. Simultaneously, recent modern land claim settlements bypass the authority of the Indian Act over specific groups.
The Oka Crisis was a land dispute in Canada between the town of Oka, Quebec and the Mohawk community of Kanesatake. In 1989, the mayor of Oka, Jean Ouellette, had announced that the remainder of pine trees near Kanesatake would be removed to add an additional nine holes onto a private, members-only golf course club and the development of sixty condominiums. Three years earlier, the Mohawk people filed a land claim for that area, but had been rejected because it failed to meet key criteria. The development plan was the start of the crisis because that land is a sacred grove and burial ground to the Mohawk people. This resulted in a protest by the Mohawks against the court decision to allow the start of the golf course construction.
disappointment. It was a decade classified as the "roaring twenties." Men returning from World War I had to deal with unemployment, wheat farmers and oil companies were striking it rich, new modern conveniences were being thought up, and fashion was a major issue among the rich.
In 2005, an intergovernmental agreement between the Liberal government of Canada and the leaders of the national Aboriginal organizations was initiated. The treaty was known to be the Kelowna Accord. The ob...
In the month of March 1990 Mohawk protesters constructed a barricade to prevent access to the Kanehsatake reserve to prevent construction of a 9-hole golf course. Then on July 11, 1990, Canadian police attack the barricade and a standoff begins. What was once in the name of the Kanehsatake reserve now became a civil rights movement for the First Nations across Canada. Throughout the standoff, police disregarded the basic rights of the Mohawk and negotiations were incredibly difficult resulting in the situation degrading rapidly. What was shown during the Oka Crisis is that the Canadian government failed to recognize that the First Nations as a people and treated them unfairly.