The 1920's as a Mere Illusion of Peace
After the great war had ended, all of the major powers in the world
set out to resolve any problems that had occurred as a result of WW1
and more importantly they wanted to avoid another war. Yet before this
could be done, the consequences of the war had to be resolved.
The Treaty of Versailles had some strong points and wanted a lot from
Germany. Many people thought it was far too harsh on Germany so during
the 1920's efforts were made to establish a better relationship with
Germany, and help to dampen the devastating effects many terms of the
treaty would have caused. This is a good sign that peace was not an
illusion but infact a reality. Yet on the other hand it can be seen
that the main reason for this relationship was that many politicians
were worried that Germany would retaliate from the harsh treatment
they had received from the Treaty of Versailles.
By 1924 most countries had begun to adapt after the war and began to
expect more from Germany. They could see that Germany was struggleing
to cope with the pressure put upon her by the huge reparations so The
Dawes Plan was created as and changes were made to the treaty in an
attempt to make the reparations more manageable. The Dawes plan worked
for a few years and Germany made payments promptly and were happy to
go along with the plan as it would boost her economy. The Plan even
made adjustments to suit Germanys needs in an attempt to create a
peacefull atmosphere. Proof that peace was not an illusion came when
the much disputed Ruhr area was to be evacuated of Allied troops,
suggesting a more relaxed and trusting relationship towards Germany.
In 1929 the Young Plan replaced the Dawes Plan. The Young Plan had the
same aim as the Dawes Plan but it reduced the total reparations and
extended the period of reparation payments by about 60 years,
therefore easing the pressure on Germany.
The literary analysis essay for A Separate Peace entitled Chapter 7: After the Fall notes that Gene’s brawl with Cliff Quackenbush occurs for two reasons: the first reason being that Gene was fighting to defend Finny, and the second reason being that Quackenbush is the antithesis of Finny. Cliff Quackenbush calls Gene a “maimed son-of-a-bitch”, since Gene holds a position on the team that is usually reserved for physically disabled students, and Gene reacts by hitting him in the face (Knowles, 79). At first, Gene remarks that he didn’t know why he reacted this way, then he says, “it was almost as though I were maimed. Then the realization that there was someone who was flashed over me”, referring to Finny (Knowles, 79). Quackenbush is “the adult world of punitive authority personified”, his voice mature, his convictions militaristic (Chapter, 76). Quackenbush reminds Gene of the adult world and all of the things that Finny and Devon protected him from, such as war.
In the novel, A Separate Peace by John Knowles, the protagonist, Gene Forrester “battled” within himself to find “a separate peace” and in this process directed his emotions at Phineas, his roommate. Forrester and Phineas formed the illusion of a great companionship, but there was a “silent rivalry” between them in Forrester’s mind. Self deceptions in Forrester led him to believe that Phineas was “out to get him” (Forrester). Subconsciously Forrester jounced the limb of the tree and forced Phineas to fall and break his leg. Phineas found out the truth of his “accident” with the help of Leper Lepellier and Brinker Hadley, who were friends that attended Devon High School. Gene Forrester’s conflict between his resentment of and loyalty toward Phineas’ personality and athletic abilities was resolved by the death of Phineas.
At the end of World War One, Germany was required to pay a large sum of money to the Allies consequently resulting in the German Depression. The sum Germany had to pay was set after the Treaty of Versailles was enacted at approximately six billion, six hundred million – twenty-two billion pounds, (World War Two – Causes, Alan Hall, 2010). The large amount of reparations that Germany had to pay resulted in a depression and angered the Germans because they thought it was an excessive amount of money to pay, (World War Two – Causes) The Germans hatred of the Treaty of Versailles was of significant importance in propelling the Nazis to power. Germany could not pay their reparations and was forced into a depression, (World War II – Causes). The Treaty of Versailles deprived Germany of its economic production and its available employments, (World War II – Causes). The German Depr...
In the novel titled A Separate Peace, by John Knowls, the author uses flashback to highlight the main character’s inner conflict. Gene the main character tells the story of his friendship with Finny throughout their high school years. Gene also discovers several new facets about his personality throughout the flashback. This causes him to have numerous inner conflicts.
After the Treaty of Versailles was forced upon the Germans, there were several challenges the Germans had to deal with. Some examples of the cost of the war to Germany was the forfeiting or giving back of land, its coal mines productions were given to France for a 15 year span, and Germany had to limit its army to 100,000 men with its forces not allowed around the French border. In addition to all of this, Germany was forced to accept war guilt as having been solely responsible for World War I. This had a crippling effect on Germany as they did not believe they had really caused or had lost the war. The bitterness from humiliation as well as the poverty this treaty bestowed upon the people was too much for Germany. This would lead to World War II in later years. Adolf Hitler had a plan to handle these problems that the Germans faced as a result of the war. It is probably best described as National Socialism.
In the modern era we recognize pacifism from its great figures on non-violent resistance. Ghandi, and Martin Luther King, Jr. stand as the most recognizable and prominent figures of the ideology. However, these figures do not provide a complete picture of pacifist thought. Pacifism has a long and distinguished history stretching from the origins of Christianity to the modern day. This review will evaluate and compare the ideological characteristics of early 20th century pacifism from two distinct angles: 1.) pacifism based on Judeo-Christian tradition, using Leo Tolstoy as an example; and 2.) pacifism as a secular belief, with a focus on the writings of intellectuals Bertrand Russel and Albert Einstein. While they share the same basic ideological
The 1920's was a time of change in the United States. “The Roaring Twenties” had an outstanding impact on the economy, social standards and everyday life. It was a time for positive results in the industry of consumer goods and American families, because of higher wages, shorter working hours, and manufacturing was up 60% in consumer goods. But it was also a time of adversity and opposition for others, such as immigrants and farmers. Immigrants had lots of competition when they were looking for work and they weren't treated fairly by Americans, depending on where they came from and what they believed. Farmers were paid very little because the price of food kept going down, they also had the Dust Bowl to worry about. African Americans became further infused with mainstream America during the Harlem Renaissance. They were also able to organize and elect officials who would make life better for them. The Roaring Twenties was a very exciting time to live in and we can all learn what the real world is like, and how we can prepare to be ready for it, today and in the future.
War. When the word is said, what immediately comes to one’s mind is a battlefield; blaring guns, generals screaming orders as planes roar overhead, with soldiers watching as their comrades have unimaginably gruesome deaths. The same is expected for a novel about war. The main character is enlisted and goes through all of the aforementioned things and then some. However, one book does not fit under this stereotype. Even though a huge theme in this novel is war, not a single gun is fired throughout the entire story. Not only that, but the main character does not share his time in the war until the last few pages of the book. This is because the novel accurately depicts the effects of an actual war instead of a romanticized version of one. By showing the impact of war on
During the 1940’s in America, times were hard. It was a time of war. In this period of history, people found themselves looking for peace and innocence. John Knowles’s A Separate Peace illustrates a boarding school, one of the only places left to find peace, where the main characters, Gene and Phineas, face their own internal wars with each other. Starting out their friendship seems strong and everlasting but as the novel progresses, like all friendships, the fire between them seems to dwindle. Although they share the goal of excelling, Phineas and Gene clearly differ in athletics, academics, and personality.
...eaknesses to win their loyalty. Finally, the written agreement of Versailles was purported to represent the peaceful ending to warfare I, however, it became the prelude to a different war. it had been originally an attempt to revive order and supply a peaceful conclusion to warfare I. The sick feelings and economic upheaval that resulted provided the proper climate for Hitler's dominance, in post-war FRG. The contributor’s participants of Versailles had alternative motives behind the peace agreement apart from a peace settlement. Their stingy actions resulted in not solely the economic hardship of FRG, however inflation and state altogether of Europe. The severity of the reparations contained during this document set the stage for history to repeat itself. Therefore the terribly method within which the written agreement of Versailles was forced on the German people.
Conflicts happen easily when people have different opinions on one subject and they think their opinions are better than others. When it comes to the 1920’s, it is viewed as a period of conflict. The 1920’s is often called as the “Roaring Twenties” and it had altered from an old nation to a modernized and developed America. During this period, numerous exciting events happened and changed American lifestyle. For example, new inventions and technology emerged, people living standard improved, and Jazz music flourished the nation. Although the “Roaring Twenties” has broken a lot of America old traditions, it is viewed as a period of conflict. The 1920’s is viewed as a period of conflict because many conflicting issues happened during that time.
We often view war as a disastrous chaos stemming from the fact that wars are fought to kill other people. However, when we look back on our history, all the wars that have been fought are a part of one greater war ever since the start of humanity, the war against peace. In the novel, A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, readers realize that is impossible for a separate peace to exist because as products of nature, humans naturally gravitate toward war since it connects them to their survival instincts, ultimately leading humans to the conclusion that war is the natural order and that peace is a threat to humanity's bloody, yet unsettling harmony.
The first step in identifying whether or not the peace settlement after World War I (WWI), would be the effectiveness of communication to the Germans. In order to properly communicate, one must simply tell the people involved what the conditions are and the consequences for not following them. In addition, the demands must be moderate and the opponent needs to be made clear that it will not favor them in the long run if they do not comply to the terms. While Germany was effectively given the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, one could argue that it was done in an unfair manner. Germany was not even present at the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles and the Germans expected something along the lines of Wilson’s 14 point plan. At the end of the discussions,
The American Counterculture Revolution, which lasted between 1956 to 1974, completely transformed both politics and culture. Among many revolutionary movements, the Antiwar Movement consisted of strong protest and outrage towards the Vietnam War and America’s military actions abroad. A countless amount of writers, musicians and even athletes participated in the movement and contributed to its success. Many activists contributed to this movement, such as writer, Allen Ginsberg and government official, Daniel Ellsberg. The movement gained popularity due to the growing American disapproval towards the Vietnam War and The Draft. This movement has also contributed to peace organizations, congressional laws, and has produced antiwar scholarship.
It has been almost a century since the first Paris Peace Conference was hold, but even until now, it is a popular yet also controversial event in the history of the world. The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 involving more than 1,000 representatives from over 30 nations. The results of the Conference are five treaties regarding terms that, according to the Conference, shall prevent any upcoming conflicts among nations. Although World War II started only after 15 years, nonetheless, the treaties did function as a buffer between countries. Although many resolutions were discussed, the negotiation of the Conference revolves around four main topics, reparation from the previous war losses or limitations on the main Central Power, Germany, self-recognition, President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the annexation of land.