Texan History
Texan, which is the 28th state in the United States, was once separate from the rest of the Union as many states were. It was once also a Republic of its own. The Texans held a convention at Washington on the Brazos and adopted a declaration of independence on March 2, 1836. It shared a constitution similar to the United States as well. Though, throughout 1845 Texas grew a debt from 1 million to 8 million dollars. Because many people felt that letting Texas further live on its own would later damage the development of the United states. In 1844 it was called for an annexation, in which the state would be adopted with a state constitution.
Unfortunately the annexation brought along questions over slavery. Also, Mexico hadn't ever recognized Texas as a republic and was slow to accept it as part of the United States. Finally on December 29, 1845 Texas official was admitted to the Union. Disputes with Mexico over boundary lines led to Mexican War in 1846. The US victory led to the Rio Grande-El Paso international border that would separate the two countries.
In the early 1900s, Texas was settling down and becoming somewhat more "civilized". Most of the Rio Grande area became secured by Texas Rangers, though there were brief skirmishes with bandit-revolutionaries during the Mexican rebellion against a succession of corrupt Mexican presidents between 1911 and 1916. A 1919 investigation into the border problems revealed that the Texas Ranger played a role in fanning the flames through their vigilante behavior, especially along the lower Rio Grande. One of the last famous Ranger actions was the pursuit and killing of Texas bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow in the late 20's. The rangers soon evolved into the state highway patrol under the Department of Public Safety.
Pancho Villa a cattle rustler and bandit, became an important figure in the Chihiahua takeover and other battles. At first the US public was glamorized his escapades and would almost want Hollywood. After he was defeated in 1915 he turned his attention to border raids on villages in Texas and New Mexico. At any rate, U.S. President Wilson responded by stationing 100,000 National Guards troops along the border and sent Gen. John Pershing into Mexico in pursuit of Villa 1916.
Pershing failed to capture Villa, and when the US became involved in World War I 1917, th...
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... the lower cost of production in Texas (lower wages, energy costs, and real estate). But Texans will probably have to accept the fact that the accelerated boom of the '70s is now characteristic of their history, not their future.
Typically, Texas has sided with the Democratic Party at both state and national and national levels. During the past 20 years, though, the Republicans have been growing strong within Texas. In 1978, William P. Clements Jr. became the first Republican candidate to win the state governorship. After losing to Democrat Mark White Jr. in 1982, he later won election again in 1986.
Texas is the nation's leader in livestock production. It is also a fact that livestock outnumber the people of Texas. In 1987, ranching receipts totaled about 6 billion dollars, which was more than any state. Farming follows ranching with a 1987 income of 3 billion dollars. Texas's leading crop is cotton, followed by grains, vegetables, peanuts, citrus, and other fruits. At the beginning of 1990 the state's ranches harbored 13.5 million cattle, 2.5 million sheep, 2.1 million goats, 580,000 hogs and over 18 million chickens. Texas leads the nation in cotton and rice production.
The Mexican-American War of the 1840s, precipitated by border disputes and the U.S. annexation of Texas, ended with the military occupation of Mexico City by General Winfield Scott. In the subsequent treaty, the United States gained territory that would become California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado.
When the war broke out, it had become the Entente against the Alliance. The Entente consisted of the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Canada, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Greece, Romania, Egypt, Arabia, and Belgium. The Alliance consisted of Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey, Libya, Sicily, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire. Spain, Switzerland, Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden remained Neutral Nations throughout the war. One change that occurred as the war went on is that in 1915, Italy re-aligned to the Entente from the Alliance.
On June 23, 1845, the Republic of Texas was annexed to the U.S. as a slave state. Foley notes "the annexation of Texas as a slave state…became the great white hope of northern expansionists anxious to emancipate the nation from blacks, who, it was hoped, would find a home among the kindred population of 'colored races' in Mexico."(20) But rather than uniting as kindred races, discord between poor whites, African Americans and Mexicans resulted from competition for farmland as either tenant farmers or sharecroppers.
From the very time of winning independence, annexation of Texas to the United States was at the top of the list of things to do.
Just before Polk's presidency Texas had freed itself from Mexican rule and desired American annexation. This desire came from thousands of former American citizens that settled in Texas in the 1820s. This was due to the Mexican government supplying huge land grants to entice new settlers to Texas and secure its northern border from America. The Mexican government failed to realize the true impact that their persuasion of Americans for settlement would cause. In 1830, Mexico finally put a freeze on all American immigration due to the large number of American settlers and their certain revolution. In 1836, The Republic of Texas was est...
...ur taken prisoners. As a result, Wilson prepared a letter to Congress demanding a full-scale war and an ultimatum was sent to Carranza, demanding the release of all American prisoners, which Mexico had already threatened to kill. Within days, all prisoners were released and all international bridges were seized. Although Carranza was finished, Pancho Villa was not ready to throw in the towel. Thus, he prepared for a series of attacks to come. General Pershing reported to Wilson of Villa’s repeated violence, but Villa continued, capturing many towns held by Carranzista forces. On January 1917, Pancho Villa gathered his forces to capture Toreon. In the end, hundreds of his men were dead and his defeat was seized upon by Wilson as a convenient way out of the problems in Mexico.
The United States House and Senate, in turn, accepted the Texas state constitution in a Joint Resolution to admit Texas as a State which was signed by the president on December 29, 1845 . Although the formal transfer of government did not occur until February 19, 1846, Texas statehood dates from the 29th of December.
Between the years of 1820 and 1840 there was a vast amount of conflict between America and Mexico. Mexico had just declared its independence from Spain in 1821, in result opening up trading with America. Although the trading flourished over the next two decades between U.S and Mexico, the relations along the Texas borderland worsened. Mexico and the U.S eventually went to war because America was eager to colonize westward and dispute over where the borderline lies in Texas. After years of fighting America claimed victory. America won because all the disadvantages Mexico faced during the war such as a weak central government, a lack in technology, and were at war with the Indians.
It was the starting point of hatred between the Mexicans and the Americans, which would develop into the Mexican American War. The Compromise of 1850 resolved the war it was a five bill package that lessened the confrontation between slave and free states. The compromise established California as a free state, New Mexico and Utah as territories with the question of slavery to be set by popular sovereignty, settled a boundary between Texas and Mexico, terminated slave trade in Washington, D.C., and made it easier for southerners to get back their slaves. The Texas problem however, would grow into a revolution led, without any help from the American army. The Mexicans end up being defeated and Texas is declared independent in 1836 but due to slavery Texas was taken over until 1844. Some positive annexation on Texas was that since it was a large state it provided land for raising large cattle farms and had access to the gulf. The negative effects were that it was another slave
Annexation of the newly formed republic of Texas incited bitter debate on all sides. All of the slave states wanted to bring Texas into the Union, but a number of free-states were opposed because it would destroy the balance of power in Congress. Britain also denounced annexation because they wanted to stop American expansion (McGill 2009). The Mexican government, who still claimed the disputed territory, repeatedly warned that if Texas became a U.S. state, there would be war. Despite political controversy and the prospects of war, the annexation of Texas was important because Britain was negotiating an alliance with the Republic of Texas. This alliance would wreck the Southern cotton trade and stop American expansion (The Mexican War 2006).
The Mexican-American war determined the destiny of the United States of America, it determined whether or not it would become a world power and it established the size of the United States of America. Perhaps the war was inevitable due to the idea of Manifest Destiny - Americans thought they had the divine right to extend their territory. The Mexican-American War started mainly because of the annexation of the Republic of Texas (established in 1836 after breaking away from Mexico). The United States and Mexico still had conflicts on what the borders of Texas was, the United States claimed that the Texas border with Mexico was the Rio Grande, but the Mexicans said that it was the Nueces River, so the land in between were disputed and claimed by both the United States and Mexico.
Alliances between European nations can also be considered an underlying cause of World War I. As a result of the Triple Alliance consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, the Triple Entente (understanding) was formed between France, Britain, and Russia. Although France and Britain were natural enemies, their fear of Germany united them together with Russia. These alliances set the final stage for the beginning of World War I. Each country in each alliance would help each other during warfare. For example, if Germany attacked France, Britain and Russia would help France, and Italy and Austria would help Germany, dragging Europe into a state of chaos and violence.
In 1845 the U.S attempted to Annex Texas. Basically America wanted Texas to become one of the states rather then and independent nation by itself. At this time Texas was an independent nation that was not a part of America or Mexico. Mexico wanted to keep Texas neutral if not a part of its own country. When the U.S attempted to annex Texas Mexico became outraged, " In November 1843 Mexico had warned that if the United States should commit the 'unheard-of aggression' of seizing an integral part of 'Mexican territory' Mexico would declare war " (Bound for the Rio Grande, 62). Despite the warning the U.S attempted to annex Texas. In doing so Mexico retaliated by breaking off all diplomatic relations with the U.S. Mexico felt that the U.S was insulting them by not taking them seriously when they threatened with war. So at this point America showed a very large interest in possessing Texas. America was very close to actually acquiring Texas when they made their first mistake in the war.
Mexican-American War, also known as the Mexican war or the invasion of Mexican, which occurred from April 1846 to February 1848. This war is very meaningful to the United States, which determined whether it could become the most powerful nation or not, also established the size of the United States. The war involved American and Mexican fighting over Texas, after the United States had annexed Texas as the fifteenth slave state. There were several causes for the war happening, some of which major and the others of which minor. However, the most important reasons were the idea of manifest destiny, Texas War of Independence, westward movement of the American, the refuse of negotiating of Mexico and the border dispute.
The Alliances not only contributed to war breaking out; it made the war last longer and become on a much larger scale; major political disputes would inevitably cause a large conflict. The alliances caused suspicion, fear, and tension among nations. The two camps were the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary). When countries formed alliances with each other it gave them protection, if a country was threatened or under attack then the alliance would come to that country’s aid. Countries made an alliance when they both needed protection from a stronger country. When Austria-Hungary had heard about the assassination of Franz Ferdinand they went to war with Serbia which resulted in a chain reaction of countries going to war with one another, and when countries teamed up to support their attacked friends when war came, it meant that a number of nations would fight, not only the two involved in a dispute. The division of...