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The development of the Cold War
Rise and fall of communism
Rise and fall of communism
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Recommended: The development of the Cold War
During World War 2 (1939-1945), the Soviet Union and the USA were allies fighting towards the same enemy, Nazi Germany. At the end of World War 2, it could have been assumed that the two countries would have a firm relationship, however, soon after the war, enmity developed between the two, which resulted in the Cold War. Once Germany surrendered in 1945, the U.S openly formulated a policy of ‘Containment’, and at the beginning of 1948 the Cold War had escalated. Containment was the plan to diminish the rise of Soviet influence in the Western nations. The two countries had opposing economic and political beliefs and ideologies. The Soviet Union espoused Socialism and the USA feared this ideology spreading and Western Capitalist systems losing …show more content…
A few of the recognisable ones are; Liberalism, Conservatism, Capitalism and Socialism. The prevalence of some of these ideologies, in particular socialism, are diminishing because of the immense diversity of ethics spread around the globe. The following essay will argue that in the 21st Century socialism has been superseded by terrorism, and that terrorism is the threat that socialism once was during the Cold War. It will do this by firstly discussing and outlining socialism and terrorism and then putting forward the argument that socialism was prevalent up to a certain point. Yet now terrorism has risen in dominance.
The first section will discuss and analyse the major details and history of socialism and terrorism. The second section will examine the question and argue that socialism has been superseded by terrorism in the 21st century.
Socialism and terrorism can be differentiated because socialism is an ideology while terrorism is a type of political manipulation. An ideology has been described as a new science of ideas (Heywood, 2003). In other words an ideology can be described as a set of beliefs or ideals envisioned by a person or an entire
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News reports on terrorist activities and incidents are widely reported worldwide, while little or nothing is reported in the news on socialism. The prevalence of socialism is diminishing. The Eastern European revolutions of 1989-1991, along with the fall of the Berlin Wall, in some aspects symbolized the defeat and failure of socialism. Since this period, only a few Socialist regimes survive in the world and they are; North Korea, Cuba and China (Heywood, 2003). Socialism has been overshadowed by terrorism, as the fear of terrorism increases and more countries and people are impacted. In particular, in recent years, the terrorism perpetrated by Islamic State has brought terrorism to the forefront. “During this time period [2015] there was 2 860 Islamic attacks in 53 countries, in which 27 615 people were killed…” (“List of Islamic Terror Attacks”,
The alliance formed between the US and USSR during the second world war was not strong enough to overcome the decades of uneasiness which existed between the two ideologically polar opposite countries. With their German enemy defeated, the two emerging nuclear superpowers no longer had any common ground on which to base a political, economical, or any other type of relationship. Tensions ran high as the USSR sought to expand Soviet influence throughout Europe while the US and other Western European nations made their opposition to such actions well known. The Eastern countries already under Soviet rule yearned for their independence, while the Western countries were willing to go to great lengths to limit Soviet expansion. "Containment of 'world revolution' became the watchword of American foreign policy throughout the 1950s a...
In the article “Is Terrorism Distinctively Wrong?”, Lionel K. McPherson criticizes the dominant view that terrorism is absolutely and unconditionally wrong. He argues terrorism is not distinctively wrong compared to conventional war. However, I claim that terrorism is necessarily wrong.
During the Cold War, the United States engaged in many aggressive policies both at home and abroad, in which to fight communism and the spread of communist ideas. Faced with a new challenge and new global responsibilities, the U.S. needed to retain what it had fought so strongly for in World War II. It needed to contain the communist ideas pouring from the Soviet Union while preventing communist influence at home, without triggering World War III. With the policies of containment, McCarthyism, and brinkmanship, the United States hoped to effectively stop the spread of communism and their newest threat, the Soviet Union. After the war, the United States and the Soviet Union had very different ideas on how to rebuild.
During World War II propaganda was ubiquitous. It consisted of a wide range of carriers including leaflets, radio, television, and most importantly posters. Posters were used based on their appeal: they were colorful, creative, concise, and mentally stimulating. Posters often portrayed the artist's views on the war. They demonstrated the artist concern for the war, their hopes for the war, and reflected the way enemies were envisioned. Posters also show a nations political status: they reflect a nations allies and enemies, how the nation saw itself, and its greatest hopes and fears of the war.
Kash, Douglas A. “An International Legislative Approach to 21st-Century Terrorism.” The Future of Terrorism: Violence in the New Millennium. Ed. Harvey W. Kushner. London: Sage Publications, 1998.
After the tragedy of the eleventh September 2001, terrorism has become one of the most discussed and researched issues not only in the United States of America, but all over the world. Politicians and the military discuss reasons that lead to terrorism, as well as measures that should be taken to prevent it. This essay is aimed on analyzing an article devoted to the issue of terrorism and reasons for it. the article was written by Edward Newman in 2007. One can see even from the title of the article “Weak states, state failure and terrorism” the main reasons for terrorism. However, everything is not as simple as it may seem.
Looking back on communism and its affect on American society, the present day terrorism can draw many parallels. The parallels are similar, yet they are not quite on the level of paranoia that communism instated within the U.S. and against our own society. To be accused of being a communist, one did not have to have a certain appearance; it was an ideology that that individual accepted, however to be accused of a terrorist is mostly along the lines of an appearance and the Muslim community.
The topic of my paper is types of terrorism. There are several types of terrorism for which to choose for my paper, state, dissident, religious, left-wing v. right-wing, and international. In this paper I have chosen state terrorism, religious terrorism, and international terrorism as the types of terrorism that I am going to discuss. I will discuss what they are in my own words and give examples of two different groups for each type that represent that type of terrorism. Then I will compare and contrast the three types of terrorism that I chose.
A United States citizen turning against one’s own government and embracing an ideology to kill another citizen or commit an act of violence is a growing phenomenon commonly known as homegrown terrorism. This transition or radicalization process that transforms an individual into an adversary has intensified since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The problem continues to persist in other parts of the world such as Canada, United Kingdom and even in Saudi Arabia, a Non-Western country. This form of extremism has shown its propensity in the United States since the turn of the century when Muslim extremism had its early beginnings as a venue to support a black separatist movement. Today, the threat emerges more rampantly with the accessibility and excess of information technology; as well as the political and socio-economic environment influencing many spectrums of perception and intent.
Michael Walzer is an esteemed retired professor from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Walzer has written many books, essays, and articles. His essay, Excusing Terror, is one that best relates to the current events happening around the world. In this essay, Walzer talks about different reasons that people would want to resort to terrorism. In this essay I will argue Walzers view on Terrorism is correct in that terrorism is wrong because it is akin to murder, it is random in who it targets, and no one has immunity. I will also offer an objection to Walzer’s theory and explain why it is not a valid one.
We should expect that terrorist attacks will become even more lethal for a few reasons. First, the terrorists themselves are becoming more technologically adept. Second, governments such as Iraq and Syria are providing the wherewithal for attacks against new and more sophisticated targets. Third, religious radicals are establishing new boundaries for mass violence beyond what had been previously anticipated. Finally, the threshold for new forms of attack has already been breached--such as the attacks on technological infrastructure and poisonings of municipal water supplies. Techno-terrorism is the topic of discussion for this paper, however, it is also a topic for legislators, governments, communities, and families to evaluate when molding the world of tomorrow. The purpose of this paper is to examine terrorist ideology and to explore the technology of terrorism and what impact it may have for the future of civilization.
The threat of global terrorism continues to rise with the total number of deaths reaching 32,685 in 2015, which is an 80 percent increase from 2014 (Global Index). With this said, terrorism remains a growing, and violent phenomenon that has dominated global debates. However, ‘terrorism’ remains a highly contested term; there is no global agreement on exactly what constitutes a terror act. An even more contested concept is whether to broaden the scope of terrorism to include non-state and state actors.
Yet, in addition to these shocking transnational attacks, domestic terrorism seems to be underemphasized although it causes more casualties and greater damage than transnational terrorism in the long term. Democracies are among the countries suffering from both domestic or transnational terrorism and their long term consequences. In particular, Turkey, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy suffered from domestic terrorism for many years and still struggle with the damaging consequences. Yet, while some democracies are targets of terrorism, it is not a problem for all democracies. This phenomenon raises the research question for this paper: Why are some democracies targets of terrorism and others are not?
Despite the end of the Cold War and the faltering beginnings of a peace process in the Middle East, terrorism still remains a serious threat in many countries, not surprisingly, given that the underlying causes of the bitter ethnic and religious struggles which spawn terrorism pre-dated the Cold War, and most of these conflicts remain unresolved.
As the hypothesis I discussed, this article is dedicated to explore if there is any correlation between poverty and people’s support for terrorism within a country. Before I start, there are many things about poverty we have to clarify. Poverty theoretically means general scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. But it is also a terminology that contains many different meanings and indications. To understand, we have to separate relative poverty and absolute poverty. When people say poverty cause terrorism, it possibly means the condition in which lack the minimum income required to maintain the most basic