Teknologi SmartCard dan Impian di Masa Depan
Teknologi kartu baik itu berupa kartu kredit, ATM, maupun kartu GSM handphone, saat ini bukan lagi monopoli masyarakat di kota-kota besar saja, namun juga telah merambah ke kota-kota kecil bahkan pedesaan. Pertumbuhan kartu ini baik dari sisi jumlah pengguna maupun teknologinya sendiri benar-benar melesat dengan sangat cepat. Salah satu teknologi yang di paling banyak diimplementasikan dalam berbagai jenis kartu adalah teknologi SmartCard.
Jika berbicara tentang SmartCard, tentu saja anda berbicara tentang sebuah Chip kecil yang telah diprogram untuk menangani fungsi-fungsi tertentu maupun untuk menyimpan informasi yang ditanam didalam kartu anda. Secara umum, terdapat tiga model smart card yang dikembangkan di industri yang di dunia saat ini, yaitu :
1. PC/SC : Dikembangkan oleh Microsoft dan beberapa perusahaan lainnya. PC/SC adalah antarmuka aplikasi smart card untuk komunikasi dengan smart card dari PC berbasis Win32.
2. OpenCard Framework : adalah sebuah standar terbuka yang menyediakan operasi antar aplikasi smart card lewat NC, POS, desktop, laptop, set top box, dan sebagainya. OpenCard biasanya harus digunakan dalam komunikasi dengan perangkat eksternal dan/atau menggunakan library yang ada di client. Selain itu, OpenCard juga menyediakan antarmuka ke PC/SC agar dapat digunakan untuk perangkat yang berbasis Win32.
3. JavaCard : diperkenalkan pertama kali oleh Schlumberger dan digunakan sebagai standar Card bagi Software Java saat ini. Schlumberger juga hanya menggunakan Java card sebagai satu-satunya card yang dipasarkannya saat ini, sekaligus sebagai perusahaan pertama yang memiliki lisensi JavaCard yang berstandar ISO 7816.
SmartCard berbeda dengan Magnetic Card yang juga cukup banyak digunakan dalam aplikasi kartu absensi di kantor-kantor dan lain sebagainya, namun memiliki beberapa kelebihan dalam hal kehandalan, kemampuan menyimpan informasi yang ratusan kali lebih banyak , lebih sulit untuk dipalsukan. Smartcard cukup mudah untuk diprogram, sehingga memungkin untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut di sisi aplikasinya. Meskipun demikian, teknologi perangkat kerasnya sendiri tidak berkembang dengan cepat dan cenderung statis.
Gambar 1. Ukuran standar dan komponen SmartCard
Ukuran standar dari sebuah SmartCard ditentukan oleh ISO7816. Jika anda perhatikan dengan seksama ketika membeli kartu baru GSM, maka anda akan melihat bahwa terdapat dua buah komponen yang dapat anda amati yaitu smartcard-nya sendiri dan substrat plastiknya yang menjaga smartcard-nya dari kerusakan sebelum digunakan. Karakter fisik dari smart card berdasar standar ISO 7816 dapat anda lihat pada beberapa aplikasi seperti Kartu kredit, kartu ATM dan sebagainya seperti Gambar 2.
Gambar 2. Karakteristik Fisik sebuah SmartCard
Normalnya, sebuah smart card tidak memiliki catu daya, layar, atau keyboard.
Victorian government came up with a new idea of smart card ticketing transport system. This was also to collaborate the train, bus and tram services in Victoria. With this spark of idea in 2002, a project case and a feasibility study was
Bitcoin is a digital currency that was started in 2009. It is a digital representation of currency with no actual tangible representation. Bitcoin, commonly abbreviated as BTC or XBT, is distributed worldwide, decentralized digital money (also called cryptocurrency). It is decentralized, meaning it is not controlled nor backed up by any government, country, or individual entity. Unlike traditional currencies, such as dollars and euros, bitcoins are issued and managed without any regulation from any central government. Thus, it is more resistant to inflation and corruption. A Bitcoin derives its value basically from the demand and usage of bitcoins, similar to a stock. Bitcoin doesn’t derive its value from the government; it derives its value from the people. The more that use/accept it, the more of a demand there for it, and the more valuable it becomes. Bitcoin is controlled by the people; you are your own bank. Transaction terms are determined by the user. Bitcoins can be bought with credit cards, PayPal, bank transfers, or even going to a local bitcoin exchange and buying them with cash. A person can acquire bitcoins as a payment for goods or services, purchase them with real money at a Bitcoin exchange, exchange bitcoins with someone you know, or earn bitcoins through performing mining services for the network. It has value and can be exchanged for real physical money, it’s valued exchange rate goes up and down like a stock, and it’s traded online like PayPal, but it is none of these. It’s widely considered as the future of world currency, but also scrutinized as a gateway for illegal activity. So which is it?
The invention of the modern day credit card by Alfred Bloomingdale, Frank McNamara, and Ralph Snyder in 1949 brought much debate about the invention by the people of the time, it helped and even put people in debt, and increased the amount of Credit Acts in Congress. The invention of the Credit Card is now America's main source of payment and an essential element of daily life.
For this draft I found myself making another Shadow/Time deck. One particular draft that I noticed was Worldjoiner (3 cost 2/2 Shadow/Time unit, Lifeforce – At the end of your turn, play a Restless Radiant with attack/health equal to the health you gained this turn). Because of this card I found myself drafting cards as many cards in my deck as I could that had to deal with healing. Needless to say I drafted way more Time than I did Shadow (5:1). 11 cards (combination of Time and Shadow) had to do with my strategy of healing and then triggering the effect of Worldjoiner. Unfortunately, I didn’t get to play with the deck as another meeting conflicted.
"Tazza: The Hidden Card" is a South Korean gambling film using a well structured storyline to tell the story of a tazza named Han Dae-gil, as he dives into the world of underground gambling. The film correctly displayed a hit flick by using witty dialogue, a attractive storytelling method, and a narrowed sense of emotions. The movie struck gold, domestically, upon its release due to high expectations and a trendy cast line-up.
Over the course of the short story, The Jewelry, written by Guy De Maupassant, the main character, M. Lantin, goes through a clear change in personality, behavior, and values. At first M. Lantin is very content with his life and seems to love his wife, Madame Lantin. Then, after her death, M. Lantin is extremely depressed and filled with grief over his wife, however by the end of the story M. Lantin 's personality appears to change completely as he forgets his grief and is able to move on very quickly after being presented the money from the jewelry he sold.
The most adored feature of digital wallet is that it is a hassle free mode of making an online payment.
The system will be done with the use of a smart card that they need to present when making purchases. The purpose of the card is to have standard conversion of amount purchase to point and to store the points until it is needed to be use by the owner.
At present we are facing many problems in our cities such as structural health of building, waste management, air and noise pollution, energy consumption and traffic congestion. Our project is to monitor these problems and provide a solution. By using an IOT, monitoring becomes quite easy as from anywhere we can monitor it. In our project, we will work on problems of waste management, air and noise pollution, street lighting and make a city “The Smart City”.
From PayPal to Debit cards, from EFT to Credit cards, this modern world has been inundated with new ways of making business transactions. Instead of the conventional use of dollars and nickels, now there are electronic payment systems. These types of systems allow for better trust and acceptance between consumer and businesses. In the traditional way of buying a product, one would see a product in person, and pay for it with cash or credit. In e-commerce, the business uploads images of its products online and it enables its customers to shop it using any type of electronic payment system.
There are several mobile operating systems like: ios, android, blackberry, symbian os, bada os, windows os, etc...In this audit we are presenting windows operating system and android operating system in brief. Features and applications of these phones have been looked closely in the audit.
Digital money is undeniably convenient; anyone who has used a credit or debit card understands this. However, the era of digital money is only beginning; rapid technological advances will continue to make paper money a remnant of the past. Several innovations are already lessening the burden in your wallet. For instance, the seemingly innocuous mobile phone is actually playing an increasing role in facilitating monetary transactions, especially in Asia. Already, in Japan, large companies such as Coca-Cola have sanctioned vending machines that are not only compatible with common cell phones but also allow consumers to earn credits for using them (Kupetz). In this regard, the United States is strikingly behind the times when compared to other countries. Another new technology in the vein of mobile phones is no-contact cards. These innovative cards do not require a cashier to conduct a transaction; one simply holds a specia...
The use of credit and debit cards today are taking a tour in the sense that electronic cash is becoming more admissible as the world makes a switch towar...
Build and maintain a secure Network which means apply security countermeasures to prevent a disruptive event or security incident. Never use vendors supplied defaults, such as default passwords and configurations. It is necessary to set up all requirements in order to protect Stored Card data. All data flow has to be encrypted by integrating the system to a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure). First World Bank needs to use Antivirus Softwares to protect the FWB network users and prevent Virus replication. It is crucial to develop and maintain secure systems and applications (PCI-DSS). FWB needs to restrict access to cardholder information. As part of the security policies a unique ID will be assigned to each user through the FWB Domain. All areas where card holder information is stored must reg...
A cashless society will further improve the globalisation that characterise our present time. The computerised systems can be used to decrease the quantity of paper trail therefore substituting paper cash with cashless credits or electronic money transfers. However, in a cashless economy, this will change with certain crimes almost eradicated. It will also be faster to generate electronic payments than cash as Near Field Communications (NFC) chips make their way into more payments cards and mobile handsets as well providing protection not applicable to purchases made using cash. This technology is simple with low power wireless link evolved from radio-frequency identification (RFID) tech that can transfer small amounts of data between two devices identifying us and our bank account to a computer. Another benefit of drawing nearer to a cashless society is that other companies are providing pioneering cash-free solutions to the payment related problems we come across. For example, WisePay, a provider of e-payments services, is deploying technologies that ensure parents no longer have to worry about sending their children to school with cash to pay for meals, excursions and other fees that will eliminate the likelihood of being caught short for cash or children misplacing money. The Government also has valuable explanations why they may deem to turn away from cash. Due the main factor of printing and distributing cash, not to mention ensuring the economy is free from forgeries which are all costly endeavours estimating that the cost to society of using cash is between 0.5 and 1.5% of GDP annually. In addition, there are many technological innovations that propose there is a real enthusiasm for an alternative to cash with the upsurge...