Teen Smoking
Due to peer pressure, propaganda and availability, teenage smoking has been on the rise since 1986. Three thousand children start using tobacco each day because of the negative influences aimed toward them. Our President and the
American Medical Association have taken action and have urged tobacco companies to do the same against under age smoking. Despite all positive actions against it, "pack-a-day" smoking has risen thirty-three Percent in the past ten years among high school seniors.
Throughout life children and adults are being persuaded to do or try something that goes against what they believe. Peer pressure is common place in grade school, where children are constantly being exposed to smoking. Cigarettes are being smoked everywhere authority is not, during school or any other place kids congregate. Kids smoke because they want to feel like they 'fit in' and they want to rebel at the same time. "U.S. News discussed the smoking issue with twenty teenagers from suburban Baltimore. Half were boys, half girls, and all were between the ages of fifteen and seventeen. Over more than four hours of conversation, it became clear that most teens smoked for two seemingly contradictory reasons: They want to be part of a peer group, while rejecting society and its norms. They want to reach out and rebel at the same time."(Roberts 38) Tobacco companies spend four billion dollars each year in advertising and promotional costs and claim there is no health risk. Six hundred thousand people die every year from smoking related illness, and others quit.
Teenagers are not concerned about their health. The tobacco industry tries to appeal to the youth. The earlier kids get hooked, the more secure the companies' sales are. "For the tobacco industry, these youngsters are an essential source of new customers. While cigarette makers deny it, advertising and promotion of youthful smoking clearly helped attract the attention of teens. The rate of youthful smoking dropped steadily from 1976 until 1984, then leveled off--just as cigarette companies boosted promotional budgets."(Roberts 38)
Availability of cigarettes for minors is easier than one might think. Children have access to tobacco products many ways. They could steal them from their parent or relative, and from a store. Their family might also give them cigarettes, and the child smokes them with their friends. Kids can purchase smokes from an unguarded vending machine or gas station with ease. If that does not work they can ask someone old enough to buy packs for them. Although, it is just as easy to walk into any store and ask for them. Convenience stores are constantly getting fined for the underage sale of tobacco.
During the time period 1450 to 1750, the world went through major change and development. Nomadic power declined, and European Kingdoms became world powers. A world trade network was set up as contact amongst nations increased immensely. A population boom occurred throughout the world. Many civilizations that were once isolated were brought into the world economy. The Americas unknown until Christopher Columbus’ voyage in 1492 became a major part of the world economy as many European nations colonized much of the land. Large sea trade arose during this time period first by the Portuguese and Spanish and later by the English, French and Dutch. As European countries began exploring the Americas, an exchange of crops, animals, raw materials, diseases and new ideas were exchanged between the Americas and the rest of the world. This is known as the Columbian Exchange. One major component of the Columbian Exchange was the discovery of tobacco. Tobacco was first discovered in the Americas and became as cash crop. It was imported back to Europe, where it became vastly popular. As many middle class Europeans people began smoking, the demand for more tobacco from the Americas increased; colonies were set up to produce tobacco. With the demand for tobacco so high, labor was needed to farm the crop causing slaves to be imported.
Music therapy can be combined with occupational to increase the benefits of the special education services. A significant challenge people on the autism spectrum face is effectively communicating their thoughts, desires, and emotions in a socially acceptable way. Using improvisation in music therapy can help students on the spectrum express what they are feeling. Learning to use musical elements such as dynamics, tempo, timbre, and form, can help this population demonstrate musically what they need to communicate. For example, if they are feeling sad, they might improvise with a slow tempo. If they are angry, their improvisation might be loud and fast.
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In summary, it is very reasonable to determine that music therapy has been a pronounced development. It has aided an abundance of people with dealing with all sorts of different issues they are faced with in everyday life; from emotional issues to illnesses. However, music therapy is not for everyone. There are many different types of therapies available for patients to choose from if they feel if music therapy isn’t for
Music therapy is defined as “a systematic process of intervention wherein the therapist helps the client to promote health, using music experiences and the relationships that develop through them as dynamic forces of change.” (Bruscia). Wilber’s quadrants breaks down major psychological theories and music therapy models into four quadrants (Abrams). These areas are the individual interior, individual exterior, collective interior, and the collective exterior (Abrams). The individual internal focuses on the therapeutic goals and the inner psychological process of the client (Dr. A. Meadows, personal communication, Sept 2014). The individual exterior focuses on skills and behaviors where the goals
Wal Mart just pops frozen stuff in the oven. Publix also makes fresh buttercream icing for the
One solution to keep teens from smoking is to help offer them alternatives other than smoking. Bum a stick of gum instead of a cigarette,
Music therapy is the skillful use of music and musical elements by an accredited music therapist to promote, maintain, and restore mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual health according to the Music Therapy Association of Ontario. Easing anxiety, discomfort during procedures, restoring
Studies in neuroscience have also discovered that music is able to aid those who have only a partial ability to see or speak. Patients with damage to the left side of their brain suffer from a lack of ability to converse. However, as music stimulates the right side, patients with speech difficulties have been known to communicate through song according to Gottfried Schlaug, associate professor of neurology at Harvard Medical School. Nina Kraus, director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University agrees that the power music has for recovery is huge; “When people first learn to talk and when they talk to babies they often use musical patterns in their speech”. With help from people, where your brain is trained to move from left to right functions across, patients can regain their full speech
You are a statewide non-profit organization with the intention of improving the development of music as therapy in rehabilitative settings here in North Carolina. You are also committed to progressing education, training, credentials, and intensive research in support of the music therapy as a profession. A significant amount of people are either unaware of what music therapy is, or they are highly skeptical of its efficacy. Certainly, music therapy works, but there needs to be more awareness and promotion of music therapy and its effectiveness, as well as more specialized training in the field. The good news is, you can help!
In this therapy, the therapist typically uses techniques in music, beats, improvisation, and rhythms to elicit behavioral changes in a patient. While music therapy is not a popular approach, according to the article Exploring the Mechanisms in Music Therapy, the field music therapy formally began around World War I. After World War I, professional and amateur musicians played for veterans who had suffered physical and emotional trauma as a result of war ( Stegemöller, 2017). This information is essential because although music therapy has been around since World War I, the science behind this therapy is still discussed today.There are a lot of arguments that claim that music therapy is not a sufficient treatment over traditional therapies such as counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and drug therapy. What sets music therapy apart from other therapies is that in music therapy a deep emotional bond is created when people make music together. Not only that, but when a patient makes music with a music therapist a sense of hope and togetherness is brought to
Over the last century, modern medicine has excelled beyond our belief, and has introduced us to new practices and concepts in our society; one of those concepts being music therapy. Music therapy is the practice of using music to help restore and promote physical and mental health by listening, practicing, or writing music.
The history of music therapy is Although music therapy was not considered a profession until the early 1900s, the idea of music acting as a healing stimulus dates back to the times of Aristotle and Plato (“History of music therapy,” n.d.). For example, the ancient Greeks expressed music as having certain healing effects. According to the Bible, David’s playing of his harp gave King Saul comfort as he experienced spiritual oppression. As centuries pass by, the interest in the power of music slowly but truly begins to spark. In the year 1789, the earliest mention of music therapy appears in an article of Columbian Magazine titled “Music Physically Considered.” Mention of the therapeutic value music has appeared in two works in the early 1800s. The first was published by Edwin Atlee in 1804 and the second by Samuel Mathews in 1806.
The human brain exhibits distinct brain areas that are activated by musical meter, tempo, and patter-melody (Mannes 32). When music is perceived by the ears, the brain interprets the music instantly and, due to PET and fMRI scans, views the input as complete instead of multiple parts of a whole (Mannes 29). Therefore, it is justified to believe that music does possess a capability of altering an individual’s perception and well-being. If music is absolutely processed by the complete brain, it is not beyond reason that music alone can impact mood. Philosopher Henry David Thoreau once said, “When I hear music, I fear no danger, I am invulnerable, I see no foe. I am related to the earliest times and to the latest.” Music plays with our emotions and great artists know how to implement the element of surprise in their works. A technique called syncopation is when a meter or melody is intentionally disrupted, usually with the intent to cause an emotional response from the audience. This technique impels the audience to become attached to the music because they can reminisce about how they felt during that particular moment. It is now embedded in their sense of self and being as long as they perceive the song to be meaningful. (Mannes 60) Elena Mannes, author of Power of Music, says, “We choose music-consciously and unconsciously to make us
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