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the anatomy and physiology of the knee paper
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The increase in participation in sports among children and adolescents has led to an increase in sports related injuries; therefore, increasing the use of physiotherapy and taping. Taping has been used by physical therapists to rehabilitate injuries and stabilize the patella. The purpose is to lessen the intensity of the pain or the likelihood of recurrent injuries on the knee post-injury; especially if the athlete chooses to continue their participation sports. In most studies, knee injuries result from organized sports at the high school, college, or professional level. Females are more inclined to seek the attention of a Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) than males post-knee injury or knee pain.
Individuals who experience anterior knee pain are more likely to seek care. Anterior knee pain and other knee issues have many causes. Muscle imbalances, poor running form, misaligned hips or poor posture, poor nutrition, overtraining, compensation for another injury, hyperextension, arthritis, and blunt trauma to ligaments are just a few of the most common causes of knee pain. Biomechanical causes of knee pain are poor mobility of the joints, torn or pathologic menisci, arthritis, plica, chondromalacia patellae or any other bone related problems. Common effective treatments for these conditions increasing circulation, providing support, reducing pressure, and maintaining range of motion.
Physical Therapists (PTs), or physiotherapists, provide services that aim to restore the patient to full mobility with little to no effort that have suffered from injuries or disease. PTs work closely with patients and clients to promote, restore, and maintain their overall health and wellness for fitness and more active lifestyles. Patients may i...
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...ll not against the cartilage using a special form of athletic tape, helps to decrease the amount of pain in patients with knee pain and knee injuries like ACL tears, PFPS and in patellofemoral osteoarthritis.
The purpose of this study is to determine if the risk and severity of knee injuries in female athletes will influence participation in sports and the likelihood that female athletes will pursue preventative measures. Although there are precautions that should be taken and exercises that can be done to lower the chances of suffering from tears and overuse and underuse injuries, there are no guarantees that female athletes will follow the instructions prescribed by a doctor. However, females that have previously suffered from injuries would take the precautions seriously in order to continue full participation, without restrictions, in their respective sports.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most important of your four major knee ligaments. The function of the ACL is to provide stability to the knee and minimize stress across the knee joint. It restrains excessive forward movement of the lower leg bone (the tibia) in relation to the thigh bone (the femur). It also limits rotational movements of the knee. “Greater external knee valgus and internal rotation moments have been shown to increase loading on the ACL in vitro and are thought to be associated with the increased risk of noncontact ACL injury” (Effects 2011). A tear to the anterior cruciate ligament results from overstretching of this ligament within the knee. It’s usually due to a sudden stop and twisting motion of the knee, or a “...
Tearing the ACL is now considered an epidemic in the United States over 100,000 recorded incidences are reported each year (Moeller). While such a finding may be good for orthopedic doctors and surgeons, this is not good for millions of athletes’ competing these days in high intensity sports. This is especially a problem for female athletes who are two to four times more likely to tear their ACL than men (Moeller). This is one of the biggest mysteries about ACL tears is the difference between the number of injuries seen in women and men. Women tend to tear there ACL far more frequently then men. While not everyone agrees that gender itself is the source of the problem, evidence is growing that females are learning too late that participating in sports can also become the first step to ruining an active lifestyle.
The most common knee injury in sports is damage to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) through tears or sprains. “They occur in high demand sports that involve planting and cutting, jumping with a poor landing, and stopping immediately or changing directions” (University of Colorado Hospital). The ACL is a ligament that runs diagonally in the middle of the knee and found at the front of the patellar bone. Its function involves controlling the back and forth motion of the knee, preventing the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur, and providing rational stability to the knee. Interestingly, women are more prone to ACL injuries than men. The occurrence is four to six times greater in female athletes.
The direction of the knee joint movement is regularly controlled by the ligaments and geometric constraints of the articular surfaces (Woo et al., 1999). The movements of the knee can occur in different directions which gives each ligament a multifunctional purpose. The major function of the anterior cruciate ligament is to prevent extreme anterior tibial movement in different degrees of flexion. The ligament itself aids significantly to the stabilization and the kinematics of the knee joint.In addition, the ACL functions as a major secondary restraint to internal rotation, particularly when the knee is near full extension.(Duthon et al., 2006)
The anterior cruciate ligament is the reason that the knee only has one pattern of movement. Instead of moving sideways and up and down, the knee only serves as a pivot for flexion (bending) and extension (straightening); it holds the tibia and femur in place (northstar). In the northstar web page it is stated that, “The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most important ligaments to athletes because of its main function, stabilization of the joint while decelerating.” In other words, it is the reason that we can stop abruptly without our leg collapsing. Obviously this asset makes it an essential to have a functioning ACL while playing sports. It is an especially common injury in soccer, which is a game of constant abrupt stops. Not only is soccer a danger to the ACL because of its constant stops and starts, it is also a...
The Anterior Crucient Ligament also known as the ACL is usually injured in a forceful twisting motion of the knee. It also may be injured by hyper extending the knee witch is when the femur is forcefully pushed across the tibia such as a sudden stop, while running or a sudden change in weight. The person will feel or here a sudden pop in the knee. The knee may or may not get very swollen, but the knee will be very unstable so you can not walk and it is painful especially when it is moved after the accident.
Kids are deciding by ages 9-10 they want to excel in one sport in order to win a college scholarship. Some are trading the fun and experience of diversifying between basketball, baseball, soccer, etc. for year-round football. As a result, overuse injuries are occurring at an alarming rate among these one-sport wonders.
Sweat. Blood. Tears. Fruit punch Gatorade. Many people all around the world play sports whether it is Football, Baseball, Tennis, Swimming, Wrestling or Track. People have come together and played sports since the begging of time; the Olympics unites people all over the world. However, once in a while shocking and sometimes fatal injuries can occur. Although sports teams prior to sports medicine have employed team physicians for numerous years, the field of sports medicine did not arise until about the 20th century. The first textbook on the subject of sports medicine was published in 1910 to help athletes avoid fatal injuries. Sports medicine is a branch of medicine that deals with physical fitness, treatment and prevention of injuries related to sports and exercise. There is danger in almost any sport and athlete participated in; sports have caused many life altering injuries and sometimes even death. Due to sports medicine becoming a new and growing health care profession, many injures have went undocumented. The common athletic trainer may deal with minor cuts and bruises, muscle cramps, ACL sprains, ankle sprains, shin splints and maybe even a broken bone; but once in a while they can experience extreme injures. There has been various outrageous and gruesome injuries throughout sports medicine history.
With nearly 200,000 cases per year, with women being hurt much more than men, 4-10 times more often to be exact, it is clearly a rising issue (ACL Surgery 2). This is due to women having fuller and wider hips compared to men and also corresponding to what Dr. Levine says it is because when girls mature, they develop a muscle in their thigh that contradicts against the ACL (Flanagan 8) Especially since Ti...
The meniscus is one of the most commonly injured structures in the knee. Meniscal injuries can occur in any age group, but causes are somewhat different for each age group. In younger people, the meniscus is fairly tough and rubbery, and tears usually occur as a result of a fairly forceful twisting injury. In the younger age group, meniscal tears are more likely to be caused by athletic activity (Sutton, 1999).
People who have been in accidents or having disabling conditions turn to physical therapists, commonly called PT’s, for help. Physical therapists are professional health care providers who are licensed in each and every state they practice. Physical therapy has a long history of returning people to their maximum level of physical function. Physical therapists use a variety of techniques to restore a function, improve mobility, relieve pain and prevent physical disabilities in their patients. However, being a physical therapist also has many downfalls such as dealing with patient’s insurance, motivating patients, and dealing with criticism in the workplace.
Besides the mechanism of an injury, injuries can be distinguished by their severity. Injury severity can be defined by whether or not the athlete lost participation time (Yang et al., 2012). The National Athletic Injury/Illness Reporting Systems (NAIRS) better differentiates injury severity by classifying injuries as either time-loss (TL) or non-time-loss (NTL) injuries. Injuries that required an athlete to miss the next scheduled event/session were identified as TL injuries, while injuries that did not restrict an athlete’s ability to play we...
An estimated 50 million Americans have suffered or are suffering knee pain or injuries. Most of these pains, sprains, and strains could probably have been avoided with proper conditioning (Fox, 147). I have had knee pain since my freshmen year of high school and have finally taken the initiative to find some exercises that will help ease this pain, and build muscle strength in the surrounding areas to avoid another possible injury.
Paddock, Catharine. "Young Athletes: Injuries And Prevention." Medical News Today. MediLexicon International Ltd, 9 Aug. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2013.
Physical therapists are health care professionals that provide therapeutic services to their patients who have temporary or chronic physical conditions that were caused from injury or disease. Physical therapist also provided therapeutic services to patients after they have gone through surgery to help them gain back mobility and manage their pain. They can also work in preventive care by promoting healthy life styles and instructing individual patients or groups on preventing injury by using exercises that stretch and strengthen muscles. To help their patients try to recover they use massage techniques, wellness plans, and different types of equipment. When a physical therapist sees a patient for the very first time they must do an examination, evaluation, diagnosis, and then put together a physical intervention to start the rehabilitation process. They also work as a team with other health care professionals to help with their patients needs. Physical therapist can really make a difference in their patient’s lives by not only providing therapeutic services but also encouraging and motivating them so they can get better. The main goals of physical therapist are to help their patients retain or gain back lost physical mobility, eliminate or reduce pain, increase productivity and help promote a healthy life style so patients can have a better quality of life and become more independent.