TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE 1
CHAPTER 1 3
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM 3
Identification 3
Survey 3
Survey Results 4
EXPERIMENT 5
Hypothesis 5
Aim 5
Apparatus 6
Method 6
Variables #
RESULTS #
Table of results #
Graph(s) #
CONCLUSION #
EVALUATION #
Accuracy #
Improvements #
CHAPTER 2 #
SOLUTIONS #
PLAN OF ACTION #
CHAPTER 3 #
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE #
CHAPTER 4 #
BIBLIOGRAPHY #
PLAIGARISM REPORT #
SPECIAL THANKS #
CHAPTER 1
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM
Identification
Bruma Lake is a suspected environmental issue in our local area. It even smells unpleasant. To fully de-termine whether or not it is an issue, I conducted a survey amongst 10 local residents, business owners and visitors. I furthermore conducted some research among local newspapers which reported that the lake raw sewerage, urine and rubbish. They report it contains harmful pathogens such as cholera, E-coli, salmonella and hepatitis and produces toxic fumes. Apparently efforts to improve the lake have included reed beds, litter traps and effective micro-organisms (EMs).
Survey
Below is a blank copy of my survey.
BRUMA LAKE - QUESTIONNAIRE…
Please help us assess the environmental damage in Bruma Lake by anonymously completing this questionnaire.
1. Are you a visitor, resident or business owner here at Bruma Lake?
Visitor Resident Business owner other
2. Do you think Bruma Lake is an environmental issue?
Yes No
3. To your knowledge how long has this been an issue for?
Never 1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 or more years
4. Do you think anything is being done/has been done about the problem?
Yes No
If “yes” please specify:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
... middle of paper ...
...think that the Jukskei River feeding this dam only gets filthier once it reaches the residents of the overpopulated Alexandra infor-mal settlement, who are furthermore forced to use it as a water source for drinking, washing and ablu-tion. This results in cholera outbreaks and reduces quality of life.
The lake needs to be fixed. There are plenty of peo-ple with solutions and many needing jobs in the ar-ea. A clean-up would create jobs, educate locals and benefit struggling small businesses. Bruma Lake has the potential to be a beautiful area for biodiversity to propagate, businesses to begin and communities to flourish in. A traditional African saying states: “We do not inherit the Earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children.”
CHAPTER 4
BIBLIOGRAPHY
HTTP://WWW.FOOTPRINT.CO.ZA/BRAAMFONTEIN.HTM
PLAGIARISM REPORT
SPECIAL THANKS
I believe that we should continue with construction on the Rio Salado Project because of all its benefits to the valley area. The plan I am proposing is comprehensive of many plans already proposed since Rio Salado was first an idea over 30 years ago. The difference is that my plan combines the positive features of many different plans to make a new one. This includes ensuring that Town Lake provides a safe environment for all activities, providing flood control, encouraging development along the river, promoting recreation, improving the regional quality of life, attaining the economic benefits of the area, while still maintaining the historical content of the area.
ABSTRACT: Water samples from local ponds and lakes and snow runoff were collected and tested for coliform as well as Escherichia coli. Humans as well as animals come into contact with these areas, some are used for recreational activities such as swimming and some are a source of drinking water for both animals and humans The main goal of this experiment was to see which lakes, snow run off and ponds tested positive for coliform or Escherichia coli and to come up with some reasoning as to why. It was found that the more remote pond with less contact contained the most Escherichia coli. However, another lake that many swim in and use as their drinking water indeed tested positive for a small amount of Escherichia coli. The two samples from the snow showed negative results for both coliform and Escherichia coli and the two more public ponds that aren’t as commonly used as a source of human drinking water but animal drinking water tested in the higher range for coliforms but in the little to no Escherichia coli range. It was concluded that the remote pond should be avoided as it’s not a safe source of drinking water for humans or animals. Other than that, the the other ponds are likely to be safe from Escherichia coli, but coliforms are a risk factor.
Tibbetts, John. "Environmental Health Perspectives." January 2006. Louisiana-A lesson in Nature Appreciation Vol. 114, Number 1. 4 December 2010 .
The American Great Lakes; Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario make up 21% of the world’s surface, fresh water. These lakes are home to a variety of wildlife species and fish that are a concern. The lakes also provide drinking water for 40 million people. Commercial fishing, sport fishing and Native American fishing are the major industries providing jobs in the Great Lakes Region and this impacts the fragile ecosystem. The urban runoff and sprawl, sewage disposal, agriculture and toxic industrial waste also affect human health, fish populations, and aquatic food chains. The Great Lakes Restoration initiative is the largest investment in the Great Lakes in two decades. There is a task force of 11 federal agencies that developed an action plan to implement the initiative. The action plan is to cover fiscal years 2010-2014 and addressed five urgent issues. Those issues include; 1. Cleaning up toxics and areas of concern. 2. Combating invasive species, 3. Promoting nearshore health by protecting watersheds from polluted runoff, 4. Restoring wetlands and other habitats. 5. Tracking progress and working with strategic partners. In 2012 and 2013 with the input of citizens 3 key priorities helped to guide the restoration project. They were cleaning up areas of concern, reducing nutrients entering the lakes and preventing the introduction of new, invasive species. New technologies, such as a swimming video camera and an all-terrain robot, are granting researchers their first glimpse of a region critical to the Great Lakes’ health.
Water is the foundational basis of life on Earth. Ecosystems, society and humans are completely dependent on it, and as the world population continues to grow, there will be more mouths to feed, and those people will need water to continue their daily lives. However, shortages and poor management leads to the destruction of natural habitats and human suffering. Desertification of land in China is ever-increasing, turning green, lush land into desert. However, this is due mainly in part, because of human activity, and global warming (Wang, Yang, Dong, & Zhang, 2009). The United States could experience a crisis similarly to China’s, but for now they have averted such a catastrophe, because of heavy regulation of water. Though there are water shortages in many parts of the world, it is unwise to export water from the Great Lakes to those regions. Two major reasons why diverting the Great Lakes is a terrible idea, one: it allows for waters wars to start on the basis of who is allowed to access it and for commodification purposes. Two, diverting water on such large scales could have cataclysmic effects on the local residents as well as the environment.
In the beginning of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, there were several problems. There were several protestors and opinions about the dam before the Three Gorges Dam project was even started.1 China has had history of several dam failures in the mid-1970s that were responsible for thousands of deaths. The three gorges (Xiling, Wu, and Qutang) have scenery that is a tourist attraction.2 The dam was going to be a little over 600 feet tall, 7500 feet wide, and hold over 97 trillion gallons of water. Because of all of the population increase, China started using coal power plants1 and shipping, which causes acid rain over the region making the Yangtze River is one of the most polluted rivers in the world.4 It does not help that the Yangtze River runs right through Chinas industrial heartland. Using the river to transport their goods to other parts or China adds to the pollution.2 Pollution from mines, hospitals, and garbage dumping is another big problem for the river because the pollution is building up around the dam.1 With the Three Gorges Dam will come landslides because of the rising water tables and the large slopes with unstable soil from local farming causing more sediment being added to the river.3 And because the dam lies on a fault line there will also be an escalation of earthquakes. There is a huge decrease in sediment discharge; which caused a 90% sediment load into thousands of other reservoirs. Before the dam was operational, it was retaining water and sediments.4 The water levels were rising faster than anyone expected, therefore, the finish date had to be moved up.1 Scientists even projected that 70% of sediment discharge would be trapped for the first two decades and 44% would be store...
Looking at the dam’s environmental harm specifically, it is clear that this project should immediately cause. "Environmentalists warn that sewage will back up and destroy the precious habitats for river dolphins, giant pandas and other rare animals.
Beyond all of Abbey's personal feelings and emotional memories, let us not forget about what these dams and reservoirs are providing us with-power. Electricity is extremely important to everyone. It is the reason for seemingly everything people consider vital to their lives; cars, computers, TV, running water through the faucet, everything. It is not something we can just forget about because of an author's emotional attachment to a certain strip of land sacrificed to make thousands of other people happy sitting safe in their home with electricity.
Pollution in the Great Lakes is a major problem. It affects both Canada and the U.S. and has been a problem for over 50 years. Both the Canadian and American governments have taken action against this, but the problem hasn’t gone away yet. This report will talk about pollution, and its toll on the Great Lakes. It will also talk about what we can do to slow down, and hopefully stop pollution in these lakes.
...t be as prevalent in the United States as in other developing counties such as Bolivia, Lesotho, China and India. The film expert explains “water is a transient element, recycles itself around the globe through natural redistribution system of precipitation, accumulation and evaporation”. Even if we are half way around the world pollution and water affects us. The film relates to human growth and development in a sense that water is essential to us so therefore we cannot live without it. It provides us with energy and most important function is to help remove toxins from the body. The film was very informative it helps to gain a new perspective as to what is happening in other counties with their day to day challenges. A very sad story was being told about what these people are going through in Iran Salinas’ words “Many have live without love but not without water”
The Great Lakes are the largest surface freshwater system on Earth, with a basin that is home to around 30 million people (USEPA, 2015). Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that lies entirely within the United States, with a maximum length of 307 miles and maximum width of 118 miles. The Lake Michigan shoreline, composed mainly of sand and pebble beaches, stretches 1,640 miles along the coasts of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, as well as some islands (NOAA, 2015a). The Illinois portion of the Lake Michigan watershed (Figure 1) is only 100 square miles (0.22% of the lake’s total area) and the state’s coastline borders the lake for a short 63 miles (IEPA, 2014). However, despite this relatively small area of Lake Michigan, half of the state’s population lives within the watershed. Recreational water activities are popular throughout the Great Lakes and along Illinois’ Lake Michigan coastline. Lake Michigan is Illinois’ biggest recreational resource, as well as the state’s largest supply of drinking water and a major economic boon (IEPA, 2014). With so many people engaging in water activities, and both affecting and being affected by the lake in turn, it is important to frequently monitor the lake for potential health hazards.
... things that to be recycled can be and the things that need to be thrown out can be done to. There are organizations out there that are fighting things like this. They want to make sure that all of the animals that live in the water our safe from people who don’t care about anything but them self’s and throw things into storm drains or even right into the lake. Oceana is one of the organizations that are fighting against this. The government needs to take a step into this and help out. They pay to keep the war going. They also need to start funding money so that originations like Oceana can do whatever they need to clean this problem up. If people don’t take a stand soon this could turn into a bigger problem in what it already is. For young adults that are 18 years old right now. There kids might not be able to see a clean lake or even a clean environment. People in this century are destroying the environment and they think since they seen it all that its fines to do whatever they want, but really they don’t think about the future. There kids are the future and if this kind of pollution to the water and even the environment is going to kill it and there wont be an environment.
IYER, R.I. (19X9) "Large Dams: The Right Perspective.' Economic and Political Weekly, 14, 107- 116.
Many people have already dammed a small stream using sticks and mud by the time they become adults. Humans have used dams since early civilization, because four-thousand years ago they became aware that floods and droughts affected their well-being and so they began to build dams to protect themselves from these effects.1 The basic principles of dams still apply today as they did before; a dam must prevent water from being passed. Since then, people have been continuing to build and perfect these structures, not knowing the full intensity of their side effects. The hindering effects of dams on humans and their environment heavily outweigh the beneficial ones.
The RNAO states “World Health Organization data suggests that environmental factors account for 24 per cent of the world’s burden of disease and 23 per cent of all deaths” (2012). Environmental determinants of health is mainly centered on whether not the area has clean air and water. This is because air and water are used in every person’s daily life, and if these are contaminated, the health of these persons can be compromised. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the records dating back from 2005 show that the water is safe for all persons, with no pollutants causing illnesses or diseases (Air System Facilities, 2015). In addition, the agency tested the water to see if it had any abnormal microbial levels. In the area there were no disinfectants or pollutants compromising the water. To further determine the environmental determinants, the air was also researched. Today, on September 11, 2015 the UV index was considered to be very high. The agency states “Protection against sun damage is needed” (UV Index, 2015). Since the UV index ranked to be in the very high category, people in this area need to take caution and were sun screen if outdoors. It is recommended that people stay in cool, air conditioned facilities between 1 pm and 4 pm. To continue, the AFS showed that there are no facilities producing air emissions (Air System Facilities, 2015). When there are no facilities producing air