ABSTRACT Tactile sensing is acquiring information via physical contact. Various parameters like pressure, position, temperature, shape, texture etc. can be measured using this. Despite being one of the five most crucial senses by which a being perceives its environment, comparatively not a lot of research has been done in this field with a scope of application in industries, especially robotics. This paper aims at briefly discussing the various techniques used in tactile sensing and then compares them. Next, different types of commercial tactile sensors, along with suitable performance criteria for their comparison are discussed. Finally, currently existing commercial sensors are talked about in detail, including the leading manufacturers, their products and the description of their data sheet. KEYWORDS Artificial skin, Commercial, Sensors, Tactile Sensor. 1. INTRODUCTION The word Tactile means – ‘perceptible by touch’. So sensors that acquire information related to tactility, through physical touch are known as tactile sensors. Tactile sensing relates to measurement of quantities such as pressure distribution, moisture, shape, slippage, texture, temperature, thermal conductivity and vibrations by a direct contact between the ‘object’ and the ‘subject’. …show more content…
A change in resistance is observed by changing the current (or voltage), keeping the voltage (or current) constant. Each taxel contains a pressure sensitive crystal in the form of conductive rubber, elastomer or conductive ink. Measuring change in resistance requires a simple circuitry and hence, these are simpler to manufacture. Applied for touch sensing in anthropomorphic hands (Weiss & Worn 2004), piezoresistive tactile sensing, has become popular among the MEMS and silicon type tactile sensors (Woffenbuttel & Regtien 1991; Beebe, Hsieh et al.
It is evident that the capacity to visually recognize things or objects is far much superior in comparison to the recognition by the use of the sense of touch (Saal, Vijayakumar & Johansson, 2009). Moreover, in comparison the ability of a human being to recognize objects visually is considered to be much accurate as well as faster than the case of tactile recognition. However, in the case of human beings visual recognition requires some brief palpations on an object in order to properly mark the identify of that object (Tonkonogiĭ & Puente, 2009). The sense of touch for any human being or species provides immense data regarding the surrounding world. Tactile recognition or the sense of touch is usually the first to develop and lasts even after the two other cognition senses fade away; visual and auditory recognition (Warren, Santello & Tillery, 2011). Though, Verrillo (1966) suggest this may due to the fact that ones are more aware the loss of visual and auditory senses as they are more salient and the deterioration of tactile senses are less noticeable. The sense of touch is considered to be an informative, active as well as perceptual system in any species. However, it is essential to point that the aspect and practice of tactile recognition plays a frequent role in an individual’s daily life. Therefore, it can be stated that tactile recognition is important and central to a human being as substantial amount of the human activities relate to touch. For instance, in the case of preparing this essay, a sense of touch is present in either the case of typing the keys on a computer or touching the pen when writing on a note pad. The need to identify the objects that one wants to use at a particular time plays a pivotal...
The first is electrotactile simulation(3). It uses localized electric currents to stimulate targeted nerves using surface electrodes. This method uses no mechanical parts making it light-weight, energy conserving and less noisy in comparison to other non-invasive tactile stimulation methods. The main disadvantage of electrotactile simulation is reported burning sensations from test subjects. The second type of non-invasive tactile stimulation is vibrotactile stimulation (2), which uses mechanical vibrations on the surface of the skin to convey tactile information using varied vibrations frequency, amplitude and duration. It is best-suited for myoelectric protsthetics as it does not interfere with electric signals. Conversely, it may not be suited for older users as their sensitivity to vibrations might be diminished. The final method for non-invasive tactile stimulation is mechanotactile stimulation, which provides the user with pressure or position feedback. It provides the most natural force sensation out of all of the types of non-invasive tactile stimulation but this method also involves the largest and most energy consuming equipment, making it highly impractical to
Touch2 (T or F Sensor – something pressed) = It works when you touch it.
The hand is also becoming more advanced with a system discussed in the January 1998 issue of Tech Directions. This system, know as Sabolich's Sense of Feel System, uses a cuff attached to the remaining portion of the limb. Over time a user is able to recognize exactly how much pressure they are using. This system differs form earlier ones in which judgement was based simply on sight, which is not very accurate.
Home is experienced in a multitude of ways using our senses. Impressions of our past and present homes materialize from a familiar smell, sight, feeling, taste or sound. We all live in a multi-sensory environment, where we can use one or more of our senses on a daily basis to absorb our surroundings. However, it is easily arguable that although each sense can conjure up a memory, or imprint a grasp of where we live or lived, certain senses are stronger with the recollection or the feelings we have of our home. If we live in the same home as other people, some of us will associate a certain smell to the home, while others will not; or a sound, etc., that I would not associate with that home. I will be pursuing the reasons why we absorb our environments
Some clients who have experienced trauma are particularly sensitive to issues related to touch and loss of control. Healing Touch treatments can be done without physical contact and provides the client with a choice about when and how much touch is
IC Temperature Sensors agreed that there is a major diversity of how thermal sensors read the heat, for example, a thermometer measures temperature with mercury rising as heat increases, showing the temperature on the side. However, thermometers only measure the temperature when it is close up to the heat source. Thermographic sensors are long ranged temperature measuring devices which makes them more ideal for this experiment. Thermographic sensors read the temperature using thermograms. Thermograms show a variety of different shades of color depending the temperature. The temperature is based off a number of different variables such as thermal radiation (2007). Thermal sensors that use thermography have many uses that they were created for. Thermal sensors are used in the military to detect explosives frequently. The marines use thermography to spot enemies also. Thermography is not only used by the military, it is also used for medical reasons such as detection of breast cancer (Flir Threat Detection,
We as human beings utilize the five senses to process information about our surroundings. These senses help keep us safe. For example, we use our sense of touch to avoid picking up a hot pan, while our senses of smell and taste prevent us from cooking any rotten food in the pan. Our sense of sight allows us to see an oncoming train, while our sense of sound makes it possible to hear the train’s horn.
In the 2010s, now some advanced haptic systems include tactile information, generally known as force feedback in applications of medical, video gaming and military training. Some VR systems used in video games can transmit vibrations and other sensations to the user through the game controller. Also, virtual reality applies to remote
A tactile learner best understands things when physical activity is incorporated in their classes and study sessions. I am a tactile learner, this means that I learn best using hands-on learning rather than listening to lectures or watching demonstrations. Physical movement helps tactile learners better comprehend and remember what they’re being taught in class. Personally, I find it easier to understand complex concepts by building them. In physics class last year we were assigned many labs. We had to make airplanes to explain a principle regarding aerodynamics. I was able to understand the principle better when I could see how the airplane was effected. Kinesthetic intelligence is very similar to being a tactile learner, people who possess
Therapeutic touch can be learned by anyone. Those who wish to become practitioners take special courses. The practitioner is taught to center himself, physically and psychologically, where he can find within himself an inner reference of stability. The pupil must learn to assess the patient by feeling hot, cold, tingling, congestion or pressure sensations in his hands when gliding through another person's energy fi...
Sensation refers to the process of sensing what is around us in our environment by using our five senses, which are touching, smell, taste, sound and sight. Sensation occurs when one or more of the various sense organs received a stimulus. By receiving the stimulus, it will cause a mental or physical response. It starts in the sensory receptor, which are specialized cells that convert the stimulus to an electric impulse which makes it ready for the brain to use this information and this is the passive process. After this process, the perception comes into play of the active process. Perception is the process that selects the information, organize it and interpret that information.
Buzz, buzz, buzz, the alarm clock sounded off again, trying to get my attention. Awaking from a deep sleep, I remembered that today I would learn about shooting an M-16 rifle. I arose quickly, not wanting to be late, dressed hurriedly in my camouflage utilities and raced out of the door to my car. I could not get to the rifle range fast enough. As I was driving, my thoughts raced and my stomach turned as I wondered if I would be able to hit the target. Would the rifle be too heavy? Would I pass the test? Round and round my thoughts whirled the entire drive.
Tactile, or touch feedback is the term applied to sensations felt by the skin. Tactile feedback allows users to feel things such as the texture of surfaces, temperature and vibration. Force feedback reproduces directional forces that can result from solid boundaries, the weight of grasped virtual objects, and mechanical compliance of object and inertia. Tactile feedback, as a component of virtual reality simulations, was pioneered at MIT. The term haptics in its broadest sense relates to the study of touch and the faculty by which external objects or forces are perceived through contact with the body. The word itself derives from the Greek haptikos, “able to touch”.
Biosensor has a wide range of application depending on how it is being used. It is use as medical application, industrial application, environmental applications, military application and drug development.