Autoimmune diseases are controlled by genetic and environmental factors. Genetic and environmental factors have an impact on the immune systems overall function. Autoimmune diseases until today are considered to be rare and most people do not understand why and how people develop these diseases. There are several various types of autoimmune diseases, there
are about 80 distinct autoimmune diseases that exist. Autoimmune diseases can target a specific part of the body; autoimmune diseases can affect the vital organs in the body, hormones, skin, nerves, the circulatory system, and also the gastrointestinal system. All of these are considered to be essential parts of the body that we need to function and survive. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) and Systemic Lupus are two types of autoimmune diseases that alter the human body.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is a bleeding disorder that destroys the platelets in the immune system. According to the article ITP A Historical Perspective, platelets are a significant role in the process of natural blood clotting. “A clinical syndrome of bleeding and Purpura consistent with a diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) was described by Werlhof long before platelets were identified as the cellular component of blood playing an essential role in primary hemostasis” (Stasi, 2011). Generally speaking the absence of platelets will have an impact on the process of hemostasis, without platelets blood will not be able to clot normally. The danger of blood not clotting results in excessive bleeding that can be fatal and deadly. “ ITP currently stands for Immune Thrombocytopenia, a name that more appropriately reflects the low platelet count rather than Purpura as the main...
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... and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura have a few similarities among each other. The one thing that they have most in common with is that there is an uncertainty of how they are both caused. While researching both of these two autoimmune diseases I was drawn to them for the purpose of figuring out exactly how a person is capable of developing these diseases, but there is not any reason or research that supports how they are caused because the cause remains unknown. Sometimes that is just the way life works, the truth is not always written or spoken out loud, it is sought. For almost three years now I have been seeking the truth to why my sister has Systemic Lupus Erythmous, Lupus Nephritis. Her condition has inspired me to write and research about autoimmune diseases. Although there is no cure and an unknown cause I have hope that one day there will be answer.
Lupus is inflammatory disease caused when the immune system attacks its own tissues and organs, and this inflammation affects many different body parts such as the joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs. Second is the Celiac disease and it is an autoimmune reaction from eating gluten, and it may lead to damage in the small intestine because this disease attacks the villi, the projections that line the small intestine for protection. The last example is Rheumatoid Arthritis, an inflammatory disorder in which affects many joints, mainly in hands and feet, and then causing your joints to painfully swell and possibly cause bone erosion.
Cohen, R., Garcia, C.A., Mena, D., Castellanos, M., Wu L.T. (April 2012). “Case Review: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura.” Journal of Medical Cases: Vol. 3, No. 2.
Researchers think that this immune system response may be triggered by bacteria or viruses, material in the intestinal contents, or a defective signal from the body’s own cells, called an autoimmune response. Inflammation results in pain, heat, redness, and swelling of the tissue. Chronic inflammation can harm the function of tissues and organs (U.S. News, 2009). Crohn’s disease also appears to affect certain ethnic groups more than others. American Jews of European descent are four to five times more likely to de... ...
In some individuals with severe hemophilia, the factor VIII replacement therapy is identified as a foreign substance by their immune system. If this happens, their immune system will make antibodies against factor VIII. These antibodies will inhibit the ability of the factor to work in the clotting process. The higher the antibody or inhibitor level, the more factor VIII replacement therapy it takes to overcome the inhibition and produce clotting. This can complicate the treatment of a bleed. The good news is that there are different types of therapies available to successfully treat most individuals who develop inhibitors.
Every one in two thousand people are diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis. This rare blood disorder is of the Northern European ancestry. The prevalence of hereditary spherocytosis in people of other ethnic backgrounds is unknown (Government). This disease should be detected in early childhood, but in some rare cases it can go undetected for years or never be detected at all. Hereditary spherocytosis not only affects the red blood cells but the spleen as well. It only takes one abnormal gene for a child to have the disease for the rest of his or her life. The disease is a reoccurring cycle, and this rare blood disorder is rare to the minds that do not have the disease, and to the minds that have not studied the disease. Although there is no definite cure a splenectomy will help maintain the disease. The million dollar question is “What is hereditary spherocytosis and is there a cure?”
Is there any other organ systems that involve MS? There is only two system that affects MS. The first one is the Nervouse system which that is almost of all of how MS contract it. The second is the Immune system which that will affect the your Tissue and destroy it. There isn't many systems that really involve MS..
This condition occurs when the immune system produce abnormal response against substances that are normally present in the body. The immune system becomes incapable in differentiating healthy body tissues and antigens, which results in the destruction of normal body tissues. This is usually characterized by hypersensitivity reaction almost identical to the response in allergic conditions. The cause of the autoimmune disorders are still unknown, however, there is a theory stating that some microorganisms or drugs may have trigger these changes. These can also affect one or multiple organs or tissues. Some of the most commonly affected are blood vessels, joints, muscles, red blood cells, skin, and connective tissues.
Central idea: Lupus is a disease of unpredictability and the mystery that it carries is the vast number of characteristics of the disease. My job today is to inform you on this “cruel mystery” and how it affects people.
Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process, which is not normal. Some people with Hemophilia may just have a little bit of “clotting factor” or no clotting factor at all (National Institute of Health [NIH], 2013). Clotting factor is a protein in blood that controls bleeding and they are needed the blood to clot normally. In order to help the blood clot, clotting factors work with “platelets” (National Institute of Health [NIH], 2013). Platelets are small blood cell fragments that form in the bone marrow, a tissue in the bones that is similar to a sponge. The functions of platelets have a very important role in blood clotting; the role of a platelet is to stick together (by the help of clotting factors) to block cuts, break on the carriers of blood (veins or arteries) throughout the body, and stop the bleeding when “blood vessels” (National Institutes of Health [NIH], 2013) are injured. Blood vessels are tube like structures carrying blood through the tissues and organs, like a vein, artery, or capillary. People with hemophilia do not have enough “clotting factor VIII or IX” (World Federation of Hemophilia [WFH], 2013) in their blood, which results to prolonged bleeding or oozing, meaning that bleeding can last longer (though, not faster) than usual after surgeries, accidents, or having teeth pulled out at the dentist. Clotting factor VIII, which can also be called as “anti-hemophilic factor” (AHF, for short) (Patient.co.uk, 2011), is a blood clotting protein that is necessary for humans to have. Clotting Factor IX is a protein that i...
J.P., a 58 year old female, presents to the Emergency Room on March 18th. She has a past medical history of cervical cancer, atheroembolism of the left lower extremity, fistula of the vagina, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, glaucoma, GERD, depression, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and sickle cell anemia. She complains of right lower extremity pain accompanied by fatigue, a decreased appetite, increased work of breathing, burning on urination, and decreased urine output for three days.
It is still unknown what the cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis is but there are some theories that have not been proven. The oldest theory states that viruses and bacteria are the cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Now with all the research being done, scientists believe that Rheumatoid Arthritis is hereditary. Specific genes have been found to make people more likely to get Rheumatoid Arthritis. Some scientists also think that some environmental factors and infections might cause the immune system to attack. Contributing factors are smoking and being exposed to silica metal. So although the exact causes are unknown, the result is that the immune system is ready to make the joins and tissues inflamed by activating immune cells.
...Through UDC,set of health monitoring data is collect from people with hemophilia and other bleeding disorders. The data collected is used to examine the severity of disease complications, describe treatment and care pattern , assesses quality of life and determine health issues for further future studies.( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may,13,2013 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30333, USA).
In septic patients, increased levels of PAI-1 inhibit plasminogen activator (t-PA), which converts plasminogen to plasmin. Release of fibrin inhibits fibrinolysis by activation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). In addition, the release of PAF causes platelet aggregation. This combination of inhibition of fibrinolysis, fibrin strand production and platelet aggregation contribute to a state of coagulopathy. This can lead to microcirculatory dysfunction with isolated or multiple organ dysfunction and cell death. Mr Hertz’s coagulation profile showed a fibrinogen level of 5.6 g/L, indicating that coagulopathies were underway in his system.
Immediately after wounding, the first phase of hemostatsis sets in motion with vascular constriction which restricts the blood flow in the blood vessels followed by the platelets plug formation which creates a temporary blockage of blood flow and then coagulation takes place with fibrin clot formation. The clot and surrounding tissue release pro-inflammatory growth factors and cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-13, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).
One of the most common mysteries in the world is the development of autoimmune diseases. An autoimmune disease is when the immune system, which usually keeps your body healthy thinks that your healthy cells are antigens and attacks them. This is irony right? It is against properties of evolution for an immune system to attack itself causing sickness and possibly death if untreated. There are about 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, which usually have periods of little to no symptoms and worsening symptoms. What particularly creates confusion in the world is the autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, which affects almost about five million people worldwide.