QUESTION # 1: System on Chip (SoC)/Network on Chip (NOC): Ans: It consists of on-chip memory (RAM & ROM), microprocessor and peripheral interfaces, I/O logic control, data converters and other components that comprise a complete computer system. There may be multi microprocessors and also other generators of bus cycle such as DMA controllers. DMA controllers can be arbitrary difficult and are really only distinguished from processors by their complete or partial lack of instruction fetching. Processors are connected using a variety of processes, including shared memories & message passing hardware entities such as specialized channels. Following below is the model of a basic SoC. System on Chip exhibits the following properties: 1. It has multiple, simple & heterogeneous processors. 2. It has a one level small cache built in. 3. It has a memory embedded on chip. 4. It is used for special purpose. 5. Interconnect is wide having large bandwidth. 6. It has low cost & power consumption. 7. It is operated uniquely and there is no need to arrange an extra circuitry to operate it. Appl...
In the outsiders we learn that the Greasers and the Socs aren't so different because they feel the same way about teenage issues. Both Greasers and Socs want the other one gone. They both wants what’s best for their gang.They both feel the same about issues. In the beginning of the story the Socs and the Greasers seemed like totally different people, and I thought the Socs were just rich snobs and the Greasers were just hoodlums. In the Middle of the Story Randy confronts Soda and tells him that he doesn’t want to fight and that he’s sick of all the fighting. At the end of the story the Greasers and the Socs kind of make peace because they both lost friends just because of all they’re fighting and they realized that all of this fighting is
The ISA bus, used in 386 and 486 systems, consists of 24 address lines and 16 data lines to transmit data within a computer system. PCI bus a 32-bit bus developed by Intel to extend the local bus of a CPU, and retains the ability to extend 64-bit processors as well, but only transmits at half-duplex. AGP a bus specifically designed for video cardo cards to transfer data from the CPU to video display output devices, however currently replaced by PCI Express in modern day computers. PCI Express bus architecture provides bidirectional transmission of data, allowing data transference and reception of data simultaneously on platform faster than PCI bus. IEEE 1394 bus a high-speed bus that uses serial technology to daisy chain devices, but only can transmit data for short limited distances.
For many years it has been a common practice to have CPU with one processor, the actual chip inside the CPU that deals with mathematical calculus. The technology advancement however bought us the dual-core CPU (2 processors) and the quad-core CPU (4 processors/cores). b. Expansion Bus The expansion bus acts as a pathway to exchange data between internal hardware (RAM, CPU) and expansion devices
It is a processor whose elements are miniaturized into one or a few integrated circuits contained in a single silicon microchip. Microprocessor executes instructions. In a microcomputer, it is a single microchip to hold the central processing unit (CPU). To function as a processor, it requires a system clock, primary storage, and power supply. Several important lines of PCs use some families of microprocessor chips.
Figure 1 represents the microarchitecture of a typical superscalar processor. It includes instruction fetching and branch prediction, decode and register dependence analysis, issue and execution, memory operation analysis and instruction reorders and commit.
“Also known as the logic board, main board, or computer board, the motherboard is the computer's main board and in most cases holds all CPU, memory, and I/O functions or has expansion slots for them”. (Kingston)
Q1. (a) Define the concepts of central processing unit (cpu) and microprocessor. Use the concepts of function and implementation to distinguish between them and give examples of current or historical devices that illustrate the difference (an example of a microprocessor that is not the cpu of a computer and an example of a cpu that is not a microprocessor).
Processes are main element in transitivity. It is a verb in clauses. There are seven types of processes, there are:
Von Neumann architecture, or the Von Neumann model, stems from a 1945 computer architecture description by the physicist, mathematician, and polymath John von Neumann and others. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter , external mass storage, subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a memory to store both data and commands, also an input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has grown to mean a stored-program computer in which a command fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is commonly referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of a system.
Computer hardware: With the on-going developments in the field of computer system design and architecture, peripherals and processors, hardware helps computing merge seamlessly into our lives. With primary memory capacity reaching up to more than 64 Gigabits, to high resolution LED-displays; hardware accommodates the ever increasing needs of ubiquitous computing.
When an executable file is loaded into memory, it is called a process. A process is an instance of a program in executing. It contains its current activity, such as its program code and also the contents of the processor’s register. It generally includes the process stack, which contain temporary data, and a data section, which global variables. During runtime, it may include a heap, or dynamically allocated memory. In contrast with a program, a process is “an active entity, with a program counter specifying the next instruction to execute and a set of associated resources” (Operating System Concept 106). A process is a program that executes a single instance of a thread. Multiple threads can exist which allows more than one task to perform at a time. Multithreaded processes may share resources such as code, data, and file section. They do not share resources such as registers and stack.
A processor is the chip inside a computer which carries out of the functions of the computer at various speeds. There are many processors on the market today. The two most well known companies that make processors are Intel and AMD. Intel produces the Pentium chip, with the most recent version of the Pentium chip being the Pentium 3. Intel also produces the Celeron processor (Intel processors). AMD produces the Athlon processor and the Duron processor (AMD presents).
The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer and is also known as the mainboard or logic board. If you ever open your computer, the biggest piece of silicon you see is the motherboard. Attached to the motherboard, you'll find the CPU, ROM, memory RAM expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports. It also includes controllers for devices like the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard, and mouse. Basically, the motherboard is what makes everything in your computer work together.
Microprocessors are different to one another according to the manufacturer and technical specifications. The most important technical specifications of microprocessor are the type and processing speed. The type of microprocessor is defined by the internal structure and basic features .The microprocessors communicate with the rest of the system by means of buses. Buses are sets of parallel electronic conductors set of wires or tracks on the circuit board.
The input and output sections allow the computer to receive and send data, respectively. Different hardware architectures are required because of the specialized needs of systems and users. One user may need a system to display graphics extremely fast, while another system may have to be optimized for searching a database or conserving battery power in a laptop computer. In addition to the hardware design, the architects must consider what software programs will operate the system.