A green, simple, and cost effective two step method to develop graphene nanosheets (GNS) by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite and its successive reduction by microwave is reported in present work. The morphology and microstructure of prepared GNS is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultra violet spectroscopy (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); the experiments confirm the formation of high quality graphene nanosheets (GNS).
Our method is simple as well as versatile. This is a rapid, as a large production of graphene nano-sheets could be done in short time as compare to chemical reduction of graphene oxide. Secondly, it’s cost effective and eco-friendly, it doesn`t consume the expensive and hazardous chemicals in large quantities.
KEYWORDS: Graphene. Graphite . Electrochemical exfoliation. Atomic force microscopy. Microwave reduction. Sonication .
INTRODUCTION
Graphene is a two dimensional one atom thick building block of a carbon allotrope, emerged as an fascinating material of the 21st century, received world-wide attention [1] due to its exciting properties like having a high Young’s modulus (~1.0 TPa),[2] outstanding mechanical strength, large theoretical specific surface area (2630 m2g− 1), high inherent mobility (200,000 cm2v−1s−1 ), [3,4] high thermal conductivity (~5000 Wm−1K−1) [5] and is an optically transparent material, it absorb only 2.3% of visible light and optical transmittance of (~ 97.7%).[6]
Several methods are reported to prepare graphene. These processes are micromechanical exfoliation of graphite [7],chemical vapor deposition (CVD)[8], solvothermal synthesis[9], epitaxial growth on electrically insulating surface [8], and the reduction of graphe...
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...its applications in highly transparent and flexible conducting films,[29-32] A lots of efforts should be made to lower the costs of production, chiefly those linked with the high-temperature process and expensive substrates. The Hummer’s method based chemical exfoliation methods , thin graphene oxide (GO) production from graphite, followed by reduction either chemical or thermal, have drawn a great deal of attention due to being a low-cost and solution-processed fabrication.[33-45] Though, the oxidation process damages the honeycomb lattices of graphene. In addition, the successive reduction of GO sheets needs high temperature to recover the graphitic structure. [46-53]
In this paper we demonstrate a novel two-step approach of obtaining high-quality graphene thin sheets by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, and then its successive reduction by microwave oven.
The small size ranging from 0.1 to 10 micrometres of nanobots make it difficult to be constructed. The process of working atom by atom and molecule by molecule is monotonous work and the miniaturization of synthetic mechanisms to a nanoscale will only be achievable with the advancement of research in metallurgy.
Amandi Hiyare: Before forming my research question, I had a discussion with my research project coordinator “Lisa Pope” who told me that the Flinders nanotechnology research team has been developing microbial catheters. Then on Monday I had an interview with Professor Joe Shapter who told me that your team was leading this project. So I was wondering whether you would be able to provide me with some detailed information about this innovation?
The elastic modulus of even amorphous diamond is around 800 GPa which is already much higher than any other MEMS material that is currently ...
Graphene Oxide is single sheets containing defect sites arising from partial oxidation of the edge and basal plane and graphene is an atomically flat single layer of C-atoms with outstanding electrical, mechanical and photonic properties. Figure 1 below shows the structure of graphene oxide.
"This new material is transparent, which means it loses minimal energy from the light, and it also does complex manipulations with light," Kruk said in the statement.
A Comparison of the Chemical Structures and Production Methods of Silk and Artificial Silk Abstract Despite their seemingly similar exteriors, the chemical structures and production methods of natural silk and the artificial silks, rayon and nylon are quite different. Silk yarn, extracted from the.. from the cocoon of the Bombyx mori moth, is made up of fibroin molecules with beta-pleated. sheet of secondary structures. The fibroin molecules consist of crystalline fibers constructed of regularly paralleled, unfolded polypeptide chains of polyglycylalanine mixed with an amorphous. part.
In addition, the integrity of the underlying metal is unaffected by paint chips (“The Institute of Materials,” n.d.). Further, the effect of sunlight-induced ultraviolet degradation is minimal. Signal transmission and reception is maximized by the high thermal conductivity of the metal. The latter also saves on complexity in fabrication and weight issues since a single-wire electrical system can be utilized (Whetstone, 1999). Moreover, the material requires less filling and sanding activities, thus enabling the designers to predetermine the smoothness of the
Graphene has received great mass media coverage since Geim and Novoselov published their foundlings about monocrystalline graphitic films in 2004, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. (Novoselov et al, 2004) It has been described as the wonder substance or super material by the mass media, not only because it is the thinnest material ever known and the strongest ever measured, but also due to its excellent electrical, thermal, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. It has high specific surface area, high chemical stability, high optical transmittance, high elasticity, high porosity, tunable band gap, and ease of chemical functionalization which helps in tuning its properties (Geim et al, 2007) Moreover, graphene has a multitude of amazing properties such as half-integer room-temperature quantum Hall effect (Novoselov et al, 2007), long-range ballistic transport with almost ten times greater electron mobility than that of silicon, and availability of charge carriers that behave as massless relativistic quasi particle, known as Dirac fermions. (Geim et al, 2007) The outstanding electrical conductivity and the transparency and flexibility of graphene-based material have led to research and development of some future technologies, such as flexible and wearable electronics. In addition, graphene can also be used for efficient energy storage materials, polymer composites, and transparent electrodes. (Geim et al, 2007) This paper presents a
Although the physico-chemical properties of metal-semiconductor hybrid nanostructures are strongly dependent on their size, shape, composition, and spatial distribution of each component, the find out of new synthetic routes for these hybrid nanostructures has become increasingly important. Several attempts has been devoted in order to obtain different architectures from metal-semiconductor nanocomposites, especially Au-CdSe heterostructure.1-16
Diamonds are one of the two minerals that are produce from carbon; the second one is graphite. Although both minerals are produced from the same element, which is carbon, both of them are completely different.
Diamonds earned its original name from the Greek word “adamas” that means "invisible" (Oldershaw, 2005) because it is considered as the most hard mineral that is cannot scratched in with other minerals. In addition, the diamond is a unique jewel of other gems as formed from a single chemical that is carbon. Furthermore, it is doubtful that diamonds actually contain chemicals that are similar to those of Graphite and charcoal. The difference is only in the process of formation where diamonds are crystallized in the form of a cube under the pressure of large earth pressure and high temperatures up to thousands of degrees Celsius. Thus, the bonds of the carbon atoms in diamond are very strong and uniform to produce crystals that ...
The main purpose of green nanotechnology has been to develop clean technologies that would minimize potential human and environmental health risk. Also, to encourage replacement of existing products with the clean technologies that is more environmentally friendly. There are many benefits of using green nanotechnologies as the new solution for energy in both their current availability and their current development. Over the new few decades, the highest growth opportunities will come from application of nanomaterials for making better use of existing resources. Nanotechnologies will help reduce weight of carbon emission in transportation utilizing nanocomposite materials that quickly diffuses across the automotive and aerospace industries. Applications of nanotechnologies will result in a global annual savings of 8000 tons of carbon dioxide, which will rise even further to over millions tons by 2020. But, let’s focus on the positive effects of Green Nanotechnology in Solar.
LifeGem has been secretive in order to maintain a “competitive edge over competition”. This has created much debate over the methods they use to convert graphite to diamond.
A Diamond is one of the two natural minerals that are produced from carbon. The other mineral is Graphite. Even though both of these minerals are produced from the same element ,carbon, they have totally different characteristics. One of the most obvious difference is that Diamond is hard and Graphite is soft. The Diamond is considered to be the most hardest substance found in nature. It scores a perfect ten in hardness. Because of its hardness a tiny Diamond is used as a cutting and drilling tool in industry. Even the Greeks called the Diamond “adamas” which means unconquerable. Diamonds also conducts heat better than any other mineral .
Graphite is another form of carbon. It occurs as a mineral in nature, but it can be made artificially from amorphous carbon. One of the main uses for graphite is for its lubricating qualities. Another is for the "lead" in pencils. Graphite is used as a heat resistant material and an electricity conductor. It is also used in nuclear reactors as a lubricator (Kinoshita 119-127).