Making sure an organization runs well is the main goal of any manager. Managers can utilize tools and techniques in order to understand how work is performed. Mockler (1970) defined business control as a systematic effort to set performance standards that are consistent with planning objectives, an information feedback system, to compare actual performance with standards, … and to take any action required to ensure resources are being used in the most efficient way. Business Dictionary (2014) defines managerial control as a management function aimed at achieving defined goals within an established timetable, and usually understood to have three components: (1) setting standards, (2) measuring actual performance, and (3) taking corrective action. So, for the purpose of this paper, “control” will be defined as anything that allows a manager the information needed to know that activities are completed in ways that lead to accomplishing organizational goals. This paper will use The Hersey Company as a global marketplace to show three of the areas it uses that has been impacted by new tools and / or technologies.
Outsourcing
The term outsourcing began in the 1980’s but it’s been happening since the early 1900’s. According to Kathawala, in the early 1900’s outsourcing was a way to send the labor intensive job tasks offshore. In the 1930’s it became about cost effectiveness (Kathawala, Shang, & Shao, 2005). Cocoa farmers are a very important part of the supply chain for The Hersey Company. The Hersey Company’s value chain depends on the farmers who supply the raw material for their ingredients. The company made a vow to deal fairly and equitably with the Ghana farmers that grow the cocoa bean Hershey uses in its products. Outsourcing...
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Globalisation is a growing phenomenon that is the result of various developments in the global environment, each of which merits an individual analysis of its social impacts. For the purpose of this analysis, the focus will be placed upon arguably its most controversial aspect, offshore outsourcing. Offshore outsourcing, or offshoring, is becoming an increasingly common business practice as a result of a combination of the recent technological advancements in the areas of transportation and communication, and the increased competitiveness of the business world. From the perspective of firms, tapping into cheap labor from less developed countries is a very logical business decision to reduce costs and maximize profits. This has not only motivated businesses to engage in offshoring, it has sometimes been critical to their survival in fiercely competitive environments. Before making judgments regarding the righteousness of offshoring from different perspectives, its impact on stakeholders must first be evaluated.
Outsourcing simply means acquiring services from an external organization instead of using internal resources (Butler, 2000). By using outsourced resources, organizations can gain a competitive advantage by utilizing contingent staff to accomplish strategic goals without incurring the fixed overhead. By focusing on the leading edge and highly specialized skill sets, outsourcing providers can often offer higher quality services, or at a lower price than the client organization. Typical reasons for outsourcing go beyond simple contingent staffing. Outsourcing providers are able to maintain economies of scale with regard to specialization (...
Smaller chocolate companies have taken steps to remove, and improve its chain supplies. “…West African cocoa farms is a longstanding and difficult problem for the entire chocolate industry. But while Hersey’s primary competitors have least taken steps to reduce or eliminate slavery and other forms of abusive labor under cruel conditions…” (Robbins 1) Hersey’s should also do its best to eliminate all issues towards abusive labor practices, human trafficking, and its forced labor. Doing so will make hersey’s appear much professional and caring towards its cocoa supply. As Robbin argues if other competitors have purchased cocoa from certified farm fields that are free from forced labors then Hersey’s can also take the same steps to eliminate such
Since the concept of outsourcing was introduced it has been a subject of debate between politicians and citizens of the United States. Remarkably, it was the United States who supported outsourcing and now it is the United States that feels its economic progress is being threatened by outsourcing. One may argue that the financial situations that existed two decades earlier are not the same as they are today, thus the change of time, business priorities of economies have also changed.
This report is extremely credible and qualified, as it was written by an author who is well-versed on the topic. The author was also the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in the Reagan administration, making him even more authentic source. Throughout the article, the author discusses and examines the words of two other authors, Ron and Anil Hira, who are experts on the subject of American Outsourcing. These authors are also very credible; one is a professor at the Rochester Institute of Technology, and the other is a professor at Simon Fraser University. Additionally, the author refers to many case studies that were taken at different universities in order to justify his claims on why American Outsourcing is bad. The intended audience is
First, we will look at an example of how consumers inadvertently continue to assist companies with outsourcing. The problem consumers do not realize is that by paying for some name brand products, we are allowing outsourcing to take place. It is all in the hands of the consumers to change this. Typically consumers buy what they know, out of habit. It is up to consumers to read labels when buying a product and find a product made in the US. The jobs we would save by doing so could be our own. A specific example of consumers furthering ou...
Kesavan, R., Mascarenhas, O. A., & Bernacchi, M. D. (2013). Outsourcing Services to India: A Review and New Evidences. International Management Review, 36-44.
Outsourcing has been around for many years. In this paper I will discuss some of the history of outsourcing, the goods things about outsourcing, and the bad things about outsourcing.
Wren. (2005). The History of Management Thought (5th ed.). Danvers, MA: Wiley & Sons. (Original work published 1976)
Stewart, G., Manz, C., & Sims, H., (1999). Teamwork and Group Dynamics. New York: Wiley. pp. 70- 125.
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A team is a group of people who work in tandem to achieve a common outcome (Chatfield, 2011). A common type of team found in the workplace is self-managed teams (SMT). A self-managed team empowers employees to manage the day to day functions, operations, and tasks of a specific job area with little or no supervisory oversight or intervention. In other words, it is a self-contained unit (Williams, 2011). For example, self-managed teams handle work direction, job assignments, trouble-shoot problems, and handle all of the decision making aspects of the job (Silverman,1996). Moreover, companies that have used SMTs report an increase in productivity and quality, increased employee morale, creativity, job satisfaction, and a decrease in absenteeism (Silverman, 1996). Also, a 1990 study by Cohen (1993) found that forty-seven percent of Fortune 1000 companies used SMTs with some of their workforce. In two years the number of SMTs increased to sixty percent. Thus, the prevalence of SMTs in organizations can be contributed to its tangible outcomes.
Individuals have their own personalities that can influence their enthusiasm and productivity within an organization. In addition, individuals also form groups and are part of teams that work together to reach a common goal within organization. According to Gibson, Ivancevich, Donnelly, and Konopaske (2009) dedicated and cohesive teams can have a tremendous impact on organizations effectiveness and the global market. However, all of this happens within the frame-work of office politics and can hinder or enhance the organization’s effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to not only understand individuals, but also groups, teams and office politics within the organization. This will help leaders to plan, organize and motive individuals and groups for the best possible outcome for the organization.
The report highlight’s the essential aspects of the control process. In terms of concurrent feedback as well as feed forward, that companies can use to implement so that they can have better outcomes in terms of efficiency of the business. Consequently the report underlines as well as emphasizes of the many contributing factors of these controls. The authors have contrasting views on the control models of an organization, they believe that in order to create an effective control process, and organization first needs to determine its strategic plans for instance in terms of what it is and where is it going.
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