EXCIPIENTS PROFILE
1) Ethyl cellulose 11
Synonyms: Aqualon, ethocel, ethylcellulosum
Molecular formula: C20H38O11
Molecular weight: 454.513 gm/mol Fig no. Structure of ethyl cellulose
Description: tasteless, free-flowing and white to light tan-colored powder
Storage: it is stable and slightly hygroscopic material. It is stored in a temperature 32OC in a dry palace
Melting point: 240-255 OC
Functional category: coating agent, flavoring agent, tablet binder and viscosity increasing agent.
Incompatibility: incompatible with paraffin wax and micro-crystalline wax
Solubility: it is practically insoluble in glycerin and water; it is freely soluble in chloroform, ethanol methanol and toluene.
Method of manufacture: it is prepared by treating purified
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It is also used in a cosmetics and food product. High-viscosity grades of ethyl-cellulose are used in drug micro-encapsulation
2) Hydropropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4 M, HPMC K 15 M)12
Synonyms: hypromellosum, methocel, methyl cellulose propylene glycol ether
Molecular formula: C56H108030
Molecular weight: 10000-1500000
Melting point: 190-200OC (brown), 225-230 OC (chars) and glass transition temperature is
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structure of Di-butyl phthalate Boiling point: 340OC
Melting point: -35OC
Description: odourless, oily, colorless or very slightly yellow colored, viscous liquid
Functional category: film forming agent, plasticizers, solvent
Storage: it should be stored in a well closed container in a dry and cool place
Solubility: Very soluble in acetone, benzene, ethanol and ether
Incompatibility: It reacts violently with chlorine. It also reacts with oxidizing agents, acids, bases and nitrites.
Method of manufacture: it is produced from n-butanol and phthalic anhydride in an ester formation reaction
Application in pharmaceutical formulation: it is used in pharmaceutical formulation as a plasticizer as a film coating. It has been evaluated as a pore forming agent in novel delivery system. It is also used extensively as a solvent, particularly in cosmetic formulation such as anti-precipitants, shampoos and hair
However, low HLB surfactants may also be an important component of oral lipid-based formulation by behaving as a coupling agent for the high HLB surfactants and the lipophilic solvent components, as well as contributing to solubilization by remaining associated with the lipophilic solvent post-dispersion. Moreover, using a blend of high and low HLB surfactants may also lead to more rapid dispersion and finer emulsion droplet size upon addition to an aqueous phase [36, 48, 49, 51–55]. Thus, in this study, we decided to mix Tween 80 (high HLB value) with Carbitol (low HLB value) to identify the most effective combination emulsifying with three chosen oils. The size of the emulsion droplets decreased as the HLB value of surfactant mixture reached the required HLB (Table 2). In the case of soybean oil, the smallest size was 277 ± 2.49 nm obtained at 20:80 (v/v) ratio of Tween 80:Carbitol). In the cases of ethyl oleate (Tween 80:Carbitol, 90:10, v/v) and IPM (Tween 80:Carbitol, 60:40), the smallest droplet sizes were 2.9 ± 0.170 and 10.5 ± 0.596 nm, respectively. These results show that the combination of Tween 80 and Carbitol had extremely good emulsifying ability, resulting in a fine emulsion in the cases of using ethyl oleate and IPM oil. The results of the visual test (Fig. 1) are parallel to the results of droplet size measurements. The combinations that had a smaller droplet size of 100
2-butoxyethanol is a solvent, meaning it helps dissolve other substances, which is found in cleaning products, liquid soap, and cosmetics. However, acute effects of exposure to the solvent can lead to severe physical defects such as liver and kidney damage. Due to its unsafe nature, it is currently not produced in certain countries such as Canada.
They are also used in a variety of common products and processes. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a strong detergent used for removing oils and grease and is found in many household cleaning products, face and body washes and shampoos.
Whether you make fudge at home or buy it fresh from a candy store,the storage method affects the quality of the rich treat.Proper wrapping and storage containers slow the moisture loss to keep the tasting fresh fudge online Auckland and prevent it from drying out.You can store the candy at room temperature for a week or more.
.successful liquid storage of ram spermatozoa. This is achieved by providing. .effective environmental conditions for the cooled ram semen, which to present have focused on the development of extenders that protect the membrane. .integrity, motility and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa from the bad. .effect of preservation , as well as on the prevention of oxidative stress, and the decrease of the production. .of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during liquid storage (Hollinshead et al., 2004 and Salvador et al.,
soluble. In other words, any way ap person gets it in his or her body, it will
Stiffness In terms of stiffness this additive is hard and stiff. This affects the polymers in a good way because it acts like a protective shield for the polymer to stop any polymer oxidation on the polymer.
useful in the relief of mild to moderate pain. It is also used as a cough remedy
It is used for the treatment of arthritis and also for treating the back pain, shoulder pain and knee pain.
Size and stability: Liquid formulation can be bulky, difficult to transport and store.1 During storage under the stated conditions, it’s necessary that oral solutions are not subject to precipitation, fast sedimentation, caking or formation of lump.2 They have poor stability compare to solid dosage form formulation due to hydrolysis.1 Therefore, it’s important to optimize the active ingredient stability in liquid formulation including those prepared from powder or granules.2
• Store all prepared bottles in a refrigerator to help prevent the growth of yeast.
This is an example of a soap molecule. The hydrocarbon end is non polar and hydrophilic (water hating) and the carboxylate end is polar and hydrophilic (water loving). This the property which allows it to clean, it acts as an emulsifying agent. The soap disperses in water to form miscelles where a negatively charged surface is formed and hydrocarbon chains are in the centre. These miscelles surround droplets of dirt or grease suspending them in the water so they can be washed away.
1-Butanol with intermediate polarity was soluble in both highly polar water and non polar hexane as 1-butanol can be either polar or non polar compound. 1-Butanol was polar based on the general rule of thumb stated that each polar group will allow up to 4 carbons to be soluble in water. Also, 1-butanol can be non polar due to their carbon chains, which are attracted to the non polarity of the hexane.
However, the polarities should not be the same as this will cause the compound to completely dissolve in the solvent (1). The second procedure dealt with finding a suitable solvent to recrystallize the crude acetanilide. A sand bath was set up and 0.5 mL of each solvent was added to 50 mg of acetanilide in four different test tubes. The four solvents used to test the solubility of the acetanilide were water, ethanol, dichloromethane and hexanes.
Nowadays, refrigeration and freezing had become the most popular method for food preservation. It is a desirable way to preserve food because at low temperatures which around –10°C to –25°C, chemical reactions very slowly thus it will make the bacteria in food hard to survive.