ASF is endemically present in wild pigs in southern and eastern Africa in a cycle including infected domestic pigs, soft ticks and wild pigs. (1) In various ecosystems of Central and Western Africa there are huge outbreaks of this disease among domestic pigs and the disease occurs elsewhere in Africa. In all areas, infection is most common as a result of contact with infected, recovered or carrier pigs and ingestion of contaminated or infected garba... ... middle of paper ... ...ture Organization of the United Nations. "Major Outbreak of Swine Fever threatens food security in Cape Verde" 1998. Rome, Italy.
(8th ed., pp. 1238-1243). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. -Miller, L., Ackerman, H., Su, X., & Wellems, T. (2013). Malaria biology and disease pathogenesis: insights for new treatments. Nature Medicine, 19(2), 156-167.
Thanks to humans being so ignorant and continuously burning through our ozone layer, therefore, allowing more ultraviolet rays in, viruses are slowly desiccated if they are not already living in a host. If a virus infects the human, the spread of infection begins through blood, saliva, or being bitten by one of the infected. There ... ... middle of paper ... ...able to control it. The virus will take a mind of its own and start with the control of the human host. Biological science does pose a potential threat to humanity.
It economically hurt trase in animals and the dairy indusrty.. the economy was crushed by trade imbargoes. Humans can get Rift Valley Fever in numerous ways. Humans can be infected from the mosquitoes or the bodily fluids of the infected animal. Contact such as slaughtering the infected animal can occur also. Symptoms include, an infuenza like illness, fever, liver abnormalities, muscle and back pain and vomitting.
Introduction Foot-and-mouth Disease (FMD) is a very important disease and remains one of the most dangerous animal diseases of all. Countries with large and efficient livestock industries, fears FMD the most of all. (Wernery and Kinne,2012). The reason is, FMD is highly infectious disease and this can cause extreme production and economic losses in livestock-intensive areas by the World Health Organization of Animal Health (OIE). An outbreak of FMD can disrupt regional and international trading of animals and animal products.
Nature Genetics 42:1140-1143 Perry, R. D. and J. D. Fetherson. 1997. Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague. Clinical Microbiology Review 10:35-66. Titball, R. W., J. Hill, D. G. Lawton and K. A.
Identification and Prevention of What Makes Life “Nasty, Brutish, and Short” Plague is caused by the bacterium bacillus Yersinia pestis, and is carried by rodents, fleas, and mammals. Plague takes three forms: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Bubonic plague affects the lymph glands, while the pneumonic and septicemic forms affect the lungs and the blood. Today, plague can be prevented by antibiotics and strict public health measures. Three methods of controlling carriers involve sanitizing the environment, educating the public on how to prevent exposure, and using prophylactic antibiotics.
This unknown bacterium that caused all three pandemic was terrifyingly and indiscriminately contagious (). Specifically, in the second pandemic, this organism sweep through Europe killing one third of the population, equivalent to more than 20 million people. Some cities may have had up to 75% of the population died in one day. Many people fled the cities for the countryside, but even there they could not escape the disease of this organism: It affected cows, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens as well as people. Its method of transmission was from ticks that bite infected rodents, and then transmitted to humans.
Practical Observations on Dropsy of the Chest American Philosophical Society: Philadelphia Duffy, John 1996. Sword of Pestilence: The New Orleans Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1853 Louisiana State University Press: Baton Rouge Salyers, Abigail A. and Dixie D. Whitt 1994. Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach ASM Press: Washington
Bubonic plague will continue to inflict humans for a long time to come because of plague¹s presence in so many burrowing rodents. Sporadic human cases associated with wild rodents occur annually in the western United States. In 1992 human plague cases were reported in Brazil, China, Madagascar, Mongolia, Myanmar, Peru, the United States, Vietnam, and Zaire. Major outbreaks in India have occurred as late as 1994. As long as plague infested rodents can come into close contact with human habitats, outbreaks of bubonic plague will continue to appear across the world.