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Introduction about sport injuries
Introduction about sport injuries
Sports injury assignment 2
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• Suspensory ligament injuries:
The suspensory ligament is found down the back of the cannon bone that starts just below the knee or hock and splits into two parts that pass around the back of the ankle and end on the front of the long pastern bone. Acute front suspensory ligament injuries are most commonly found in eventers and jumpers due to the speed and the increasing load on the forelimbs from jumping and the chance of misstep.
Signs: These types of injuries can sometimes be hard to spot. Lameness ranges from barely at all to severe, depending on how bad the damage is. If the tear is in the main part of the ligament or the branches, the leg may become warm or swollen and sensitive at the site. If the tear is higher up the ligament, it
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If the injury is lower down in the foot you might not be able to see any signs.
If a horse suffers a mild strain it may only take around 6-8 weeks. If a horses suffers a tear the injury may take up to 8 months to heal. Doing too much too soon is almost certain to cause the injury to reoccur in the future.
• Sore muscles:
When working you build muscles, but over working can cause strain and pain. The large muscles of the back and hind quarters are used mostly among performance horses. They can strain their muscles if they are asked to work too hard for too long. Most muscles strains are mild and the amount of damage is small. But it is a very common injury and can stop the horse from preforming to his best. A jumping horse may also experience sore muscles due to being put into draw reins for too long and not being able to stretch out his neck and back properly.
Signs: When a horse has a sore back it is sometimes hard to tell, most of the time he will be a bit stiff when he begins to work and his hind legs might not step up properly under his body and won’t carry himself
Ankle sprains have three degrees of injury ranging from 1-3. The level of the ankle sprain is determined by the amount that the ligament is torn or stretched. A grade one sprain is categorized as a slight stretching and damage to the fibers of the ligament. A grade 2 sprain is characterized as partial tearing of the ligament and abnormal laxity of the ankle. A grade 3 sprain is characterized by complete tear of the ligament if it can be pushed or pulled in certain movements there is gross instability. The movements of the ankle are abduction, adduction, plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, and inversion, eversion. The ligaments of the ankle hold the ankle bones and joint into position. These ligaments protect the ankle joint from abnormal movements such as twisting, turning, and rolling of the foot.
Horses and ponies that tend to store fair amounts of fat on their neck, butt and where their sheath or teats are can become chronically laminitic. However, this chronic laminitis is not limited to overweight or obese animals, but can occur in horses and ponies who are significantly leaner in their body or even, in some cases, perfectly normal. One key element to each of these horses and ponies is that they could possibly have a condition known as Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) which is causing the chronic laminitic issue.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis often develop slowly and worsen over the years. Signs and symptoms include: pain in joints, tenderness, stiffness, loss of flexibility, grating sensation joints (from bone on bone), and bone spurs.
Exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) is a concern for those who handle horses, especially in the case of performance horses. Rhabdomyolysis is a disease affects the muscles, leading to muscle deterioration often after a period of prolonged exertion or exercise. ER will exhibit a variety of symptoms depending on the severity and the breed. Some horses will present with stiffness in gait, muscle soreness and general poor performance 1. Upon examination muscles will appear swollen and/ or hard. Diagnosis of ER is done through biochemical analysis of creatine kinase and aspartate transaminase levels within blood. These enzymes are shown to be increased during a time of muscle damage. The amount of muscle damage that occurs will vary greatly, and it depends on many factors including underlying medical conditions, age, fitness level, gender and diet 2.
The signs of laminitis are lameness. Pain in the feet located on the proximal end towards the digits. The pulse that is found on the digit is very strong. The way the horse is standing is an abnormal stance. This usually consists of the front legs stretched out with the back legs tucked underneath like picture at the right. Laminitis can also affect the gait of the horse. The horse may have a shortened gait and you may have trouble getting the horse to turn. Due to the pain the horse may be tachycardia and have an increased respiratory rate. The horse may present with an elevated temperature being pyrexia. The affected limbs will be warm to the touch and if touched around the coronary band it may be hot. Also pain will be demonstrated by laying down for long periods of time, which is very unusual for a horse. Pain will also be d...
After the injury has occurred, the injured should see the family doctor or possibly a specialist to see if something is torn. The doctor will do some range of motion testing. Theses test are the Lachman, Dynamic extension and the pivot jerk.
There are a lot of misconceptions surrounding the sport of riding horses, including that the horse is doing all of the work. Contrary to popular belief this is false. The rider needs to guide and support all the horse does. The use of abdominal muscles keeps the rider balanced and stabilized. Coordination also plays a major part in horsemanship. To get the horse to do what you want like stop or speed up, a lot of different cues given synchronously to keep the horse from wondering off on its own. Hamstrings, glutes, and quads all work to support yourself upright in the saddle and used as cues to get the horse to turn and move forward. “Straddling a large powerful animal with a mind and agenda of its own is a full body workout that will engage your muscles
There are many ways you can prevent injuries from happening before they do occur. Make sure you lift the right amount of weight to ensure that your body won’t wear down or you won’t injure yourself. Lifting more than you need to will only make your body worse. Using poor form can get you hurt quicker and easier than any other way. Make sure that you are using the correct form even if that means hiring a trainer or having a spotter. Workouts that you know can help because you will know the correct position. Workouts without machinery and weights have a lesser risk of hurting you. Cassidy says, “Years of intense workouts take a toll on your body..... Cartilage wears down and muscles, tendons, and ligaments can become less limber” (1).
While in Milan, Da Vinci spent a considerable amount of time on a number of dissections of the horse in preparation for a statue. While the bulk of the drawings on the anatomy of the horse are of the surface anatomy, and drawn by Leonardo in the guise of the artist, there are nevertheless some detailed ones illustrating the muscles of the horse's thigh compared to the corresponding muscles of man, suggesting that ...
Deficient diets result in weight loss in the horse. Alternate causes of weight loss are internal parasites and diseases. Excess energy intake causes obesity which stresses joints and reduces athletic ability. A horse in moderate physical condition is described as “Back level”. Ribs cannot be visually distinguished, but can be easily felt.
In fact, a horse’s movement is very similar to that of a human. The motion of the horse not only keeps the patient aware of his actions, but stimulates their senses in order to allow them to think of what they must do, which enables the constant use of their brainwaves. According to Infinitec in the article Hippotherapy, a horse’s rhythmic motion helps stabilize a patient’s condition that in return also improves their posture, balance, mobility, and function (Infinitect). For example, at Heavenly Hoofs each lesson consist of activities that enables the use of the patient’s motor skills. In this case patient A, has a severe case of cerebral palsy. At first patient A had trouble with keeping a firm grip and his back straight, but as the weeks went by he improved. Patient A is now able to bring his leg over the horse in order to moun...
Most injuries are smaller, but some are more dangerous than others. There are countless reasons for this problem. First of all, horse racing can be dangerous to young horses because their bones are not all fully formed when they start their racing careers. Sometimes horses break legs (like Barbaro). That happens when weight goes down on one leg as the horse is flying down the racetrack. Also, a horse’s bones are not formed completely until it is about 5-6 years old, and trainers usually start racing them at around 2 years old. Typically, a horse in training would not have a rider on its back until about the horse is about 4 years old. Some problems are with the breeding of these horses. Racehorses are mainly bred for speed, not for bone strength. Also, if you trace back to the horse’s ancestors many of the horses are known for breaking down. For example, many horses related to Northern Dancer break down. A lot of horses are inbred which means that it’s father and mother have a same ancestor. Farmer Jack, a racehorse who was thought to win the 2005 Cheltenham Gold Cup, died of a heart attack a couple of days before the race. He was of a mostly flat racing bloodline having been inbred 4 x 4 to Northern Dancer. (This means that looking at his father’s and mother’s side, Northern Dancer is related 4 groups
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons in the shoulder that connects the upper arm (humerus) to the shoulder blade (scapula). The rotator cuff tendons provide stability to the shoulder while the muscles allow the shoulder to rotate. The muscles in rotator cuff are Teres minor, Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus, and Subscapularis. The muscles in the rotator cuff inserts at the scapula and has a tendon that attaches to the humerus.
An ankle fracture is usually diagnosed with a physical exam and X-rays. A CT scan may also be done.
... have a crop (small whip) or peg spurs. Both of these do not hurt the horse, but are uncomfortable, so they know they are doing something wrong.