Aim:
To find out how warm-blooded animals survive in the Arctic conditions.
Background information:
The Arctic conditions are extreme; they consist of sub-zero temperatures, heavy snow, strong winds and ice. To survive these conditions animals must keep a constant body temperature to maintain the optimum temperature for essential chemical reactions to take place. If a living cell cools to a temperature below 0°C then ice crystals can form which will puncture the cell membrane causing the cell to burst. If a living cell reaches temperatures above 45°C then the proteins (including enzymes) are denatured; therefore no longer work. This means that the thermal limits for life are 0-45°C. Animals must regulate their body temperatures' between these bounds to survive. Mammals and birds stay closer to the upper bound.
Respiration
Glucose + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water + energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Animals lose heat more rapidly in colder conditions. This is because heat moves from hot regions to cold so the colder the environment the quicker the animal will lose heat. Heat can only move by conduction, convection and radiation.
Animal maintain their temperatures in many ways. There are physical and behavioural ways of regulating temperature. The physical methods include;
Growing thick feathers/fur- therefore stopping heat loss by convection as fur and feathers trap air which then acts as an insulator, fat/blubber which as an insulator, oily or greasy skin which would make the animal waterproof and stops water from entering layers of air therefore maintaining insulation layers, dark skin to absorb more light and heat (black absorbs light, white reflects light, th...
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...28 23.5
5 18 22 27 22.3
17.5 22 25 21.5
5 17 21.5 23.5 20.7
17 21 23 20.3
My results for this beaker are mixed. There is a big difference between beaker 1 and beaker 3. Beaker 3 is 9°C warmer than beaker 1 at 4.5 minutes and has a difference of 6°C at 7 minutes. This would strongly affect my average. As there is such a difference between both of these beakers, I would not repeat them both as they both cant be wrong with such a difference. Therefore I would only repeat beaker 3 because beaker 1's readings are close to beaker 2's readings and beaker 3's reading are separate to both sets of results and has affected the average. By doing this I may affect the total decrease of this experiment which seems to follow a slight pattern between the beakers with insulation layers of 1,2 and 3.
Williams, C. T., Goropashnaya, A. V., Buck, C. L., Fedorov, V. B., Kohl, F., Lee, T. N., and Barnes, B. M. (2011). Hibernating above the permafrost: effects of ambient temperature and season on expression of metabolic genes in liver and brown adipose tissue of arctic ground squirrels. J Experi Biol. 214, 1300-1306.
the replicate shows the same trend as the first experiment. I used a measuring cylinder and a beaker to measure out the amounts of water; however these did not seem to affect the quality of my results. To increase the accuracy of my results I could have perhaps used a burette. Even though I did the best I could to keep the experiment accurate, I did. some places there were mistakes that unintentionally occurred.
Metabolic rate is directly linked to the core temperature in an animal. An ectotherm, or cold blooded animal, warms its body mainly by absorbing heat from its surroundings. The amount of heat it derives from its metabolism is negligible. In contrast, endotherms derive most or all of its body heat from its own metabolism (Campbells,p899). Because ectotherms do not produce their own heat, they cannot actively ensure their ideal temperature for an ideal metabolic rate (aquacult.htp).
Over the observed fifty seconds, there was a consistency among the temperatures. Without a calculated percent error, we are able to assume the average temperature was twenty-six degrees Celsius. There are factors that could have caused error to arise in our data collection. One factor could be that the temperature of the room was not consistent throughout the room. Another factor may have been the performance of the thermometer. The grasp in which the thermometer was held for procedure B may also be a factor.
Even the Antarctic area has a couple of its own arctic regions. The climate of the tundra is characterized by harsh winters. The average temperature in the tundra area is about –27 degrees. But what is even worse is the long night. At night the lowest temperature recorded was –67.36 degrees.
... and feed grains (Nyong, 2008). Higher temperatures can the physiological development of crops such as causing increased respirations, shorter periods of seed formation and reduced biomass production which all result in hastened maturation and reduced crop yields (Adejuwon, 2004). Global warming and drought have affected the change in the incidence and distribution of pests and pathogens which presents challenges for crop management and animal rearing. Moisture and temperature are important elements of climate which determine the occurrence and localization of pests and diseases (Adejuwon, 2004). This is because pests and diseases vectors thrive well in optimum conditions of high temperature and abundant water supply. In this way climate change and global warming has extended the range of distribution of some pests and diseases worsening the plight of farmers.
The winter will last 8 to 10 months followed by the short and much less cold summer. During the summer some lower areas of the Tundra will defrost at which point most of the flora and fauna will start to creep out of hiding. The few summer months are used by many animals such as the polar bear, to mate and to prepare for the once again oncoming winter. During the winter months, most everything remains frozen. Many of the animals migrate south for the winter whereas some stay behind or even group together for ritual group suicide (lemmings).
The climate differs from zone to zone, and woodland moose prefer only the zones where the average summer tempeture does not much exeed sixty degrees. Wind chill help the moose to stay cool in the costal and the relatively humid zones, as well as in the much drier interior. But the moose has had to adapt both to humid and dry climates, and to dense and open habiats.
Repeat step 4 after another minute continue this for 5 minutes Beaker Start 1 2 3 4 5 Temperature change 1 59°c 57°c 56°c 55°c 52°c 50°c -9°c 2 72°c 71°c 66 °c 63°c 60°c 57°c -15°c 3 86°c 71°c 64°c 58°c 56°c 52°c -34° c 4 72°c 68°c 65°c 60°c 57°c 53°c -19°c Main Investigation ------------------ Aim To find out weather a beaker with a larger surface area cools quicker than one with a smaller surface area. Fair test To make it a fair test we will keep the following the same: Colour of tin - we will use clear beakers Amount of water - we will use 100ml
Then, repeat steps 7-11 another 4 times but with the room temperature water. For the room temperature water just leave it in the room but try not to change the room’s temperature. 15. Try to put all your recorded data into a table for organization 16. Repeat the entire experiment for more reliable data.
with reasons." If not careful, cold can be deadly to animal and human life, but
One huge impact of global warming is the change in animals’ habitats. When the earth’s temperature is increasing, it creates the change of weather conditions in a certain area, which causes some kinds of animals in this area to live with many difficulties, or sometimes those kinds of animals are forced to move to new region when they cannot handle the difficulties. The arctic fox is an example for this situation. According to the article “How Does Global Warming Affect Wildlife,” arctic foxes prefer to live in the cooler environment while their habitat is getting warmer and warmer due to global warming, so arctic foxes have to leave their own home to seek a more suitable area (National W...
Polar bears don’t hibernate, expect if it is a pregnant female that hibernates over-winter in dens. Unlike other bears like brown, black, grizzle, polar bears don’t hibernate. Others may just dig a hole and spend several days in the hole, at a time. When the pregnant female’s activity level decreases, she gives birth and nurses her cubs. When the weather conditions are rough, they might stay in longer. Polar bears are evolved to live in cold climates unlike brown bears
Arctic tundra is located in the northern hemisphere, encircling the North Pole and extending south to the Coniferous forests of the Taiga. The arctic is known for its cold, desert-like conditions. The growing season ranges from 50 to 60 days. The average winter temperature is -34° C (-30° F), but the average summer temperature is 3-12° C (37-54° F), which enables this biome to sustain life. Rainfall may vary in different regions of the arctic. Yearly precipitation, including mel...
As glacial ice receded and the climate warmed up, the fauna changed as some animals began to become more scarce, such as fewer mammoth herds for example. The warmer climate brought new sources of meat that had become more readily available over time. Reindeer became a main source of hide, bone, antler, and of course meat.