Summary Of Madison's View On Human Nature
analytical Essay
466 words
Madison’s views about human nature: power and majority rule? Why did the Framers prefer repr+esentaTve democracy over direct democracy? Human nature: ±he implicit conclusions Madison draws from his condiTonal (if-then) logical statements are plain. Men are not angels, and therefore government is in fact necessary. Moreover, men are not always governable by angels or God. ±he people follow their passions and leaders su²er from ambiTon for power. ±hus, internal and external controls on government are necessary because men are governed by men? Majority Rule: A³er recognizing the need for a majority in rouTne votes, he asked when "a majority... united by a common interest or a passion cannot be constrained from oppressing the minority, what remedy can be found...?" …show more content…
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes madison's views about human nature: power and majority rule. the framers prefer repr+esentatve democracy over direct democracy.
- Analyzes how federalist no. 10 addresses the question of how to guard against "factons", or groups of citzens with interests contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole community.
that no common interest or passion will be likely to unite a majority of the whole number in an unjust pursuit." In the areas of civil and religious rights, he predicted, "If [one] sectform a majority and have the power, other sects will be sure to be depressed." ±his fear grew out of the American colonies' experience with 18th-century European naTons where religion and state were synonymous. (Prior to arriving as a new delegate in New York, in the Virginia House of Delegates, he had succeeded in disestablishing the Anglican Church from its role as the o´cial religion and defeated a bill that would have supported it with a tax on all Virginia ciTzens.) Direct Democracy over representaTve. No. 10 addresses the quesTon of how to guard against "facTons" (more speciµcally the "violence of facTons"), or groups of ciTzens, with interest’s contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the whole
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- Audrey Hofstadter Summary: The Founding Fathers: The Age of Realismanalytical essayConsistent to eighteenth-century ethos left the Constitution-makers with great faith in universals. They believed in an inexorable view of a self-interested man. Feeling that all me were naturally inclined to be bad they sought a compromising system of checks and balances for government. This was bolstered by the scientific work by Newton, ?in which metaphors sprang as naturally to mens minds as did biological metaphors in the Darwinian atmosphere of the late nineteenth century.? Therefore Madison and others thought to squelch the possibly dangerous majority by setting up a large number and variety of local interests, so that the people will ?be unable to concert and carry into effect their scheme of oppression.? And thus, chief powers went to the propertied.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the constitution-makers believed in universals and sought a compromising system of checks and balances for government. madison and others thought to squelch the potentially dangerous majority by setting up large number and variety of local interests.
- Analyzes how the fathers were unwilling to turn their backs on republicanism, noting they were too democratic with the articles of confederation but refusing to go back to tyrannical, arbitrary rule.
- Analyzes the reasoning behind the constitution of the united states as 'based upon the philosophy of hobbes and the religion of calvin.
- Explains that the constitutional format was a series of ironical statements, as it stands in?direct antithesis to american democratic faith.
- Analyzes hofstadter's approach to the framing of the constitution in a more cynical view than what is commonly taught.
- Analyzes how madison's quote 'the founding fathers: an age of realism' promotes the overall attitude of those who made the constitution.
1577 wordsRead More - Lynn, Laurence E, Jr. 2013. “America’s ‘Broken Government’: What Would James Madison Say?” Administration and Society 45.5 (July): 610–624.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how laurence e. lynn jr. provides the reader with important facts about the establishment of american government and what can be done to fix its brokenness.
- Analyzes how lynn uses excerpts from the federalist to show how madison incorporated an "institutional design" to structure and guide the separated powers of our government and checks and balances used to maintain order.
- Analyzes how uses the 2011 debt crisis as an example of the "dramatic shift of legislative power from the democrats to the republicans."
- Analyzes how lynn illustrates the relationship between citizens and the establishment that governs them. when these interests are not in line with one another, they taint the public's perception of the purpose and intentions of government.
- Elaborates on the current state of politics and its drift towards plutocracy, the government or state in which the wealthy class rules.
- Analyzes how madison argues that government must protect everyone, including the weak. madison would rely on the checks and balances presented within the constitution.
- Opines that the brokenness discussed by so many is not at fault to any vagueness or wrong doing within the constitution, but to the loss of the documents purpose.
- Analyzes how separates the word government from its common use and breaks it down to the powers that james madison intended for us to use.
- Analyzes how jamil jreisat informs the reader about the many benefits of comparative public administration and how this type of research can improve the condition of developing countries.
- Explains that the comparative approach is an important research technique in the field of public administration.
- States that the main concern of comparative public administration is "establishing general patterns" and that vast expansion is needed to discover and define successful or unsuccessful practices.
- Argues that more rules need to be set in order to guide the process of mapping the contextual relationships in its varied linkages and connections.
- Opines that jreisat believes that developmental administration is compelling to the advancement of comparative administrative research.
- Analyzes how jreisat uses woodrow wilson's quote to persuade the reader of the importance of cross-cultural and global research.
- Explains the purpose of comparative public administration and why it is important in increasing the globalization of administrative concepts. he encourages past research attempts by commending the positive steps that have been made up to this point.
- Analyzes how lance compa's article, "do international freedom of association standards apply to public sector labor relations in the united states?" focuses on national and international levels of labor laws and collective bargaining.
- Analyzes how uses laws, national polls, and court cases to support his thesis. these methods added to the readers understanding of what happened in certain states and countries when issues with labor rights occurred.
- Analyzes how the governors of wisconsin, ohio, florida, michigan, and other states removed public employee's collective bargaining rights and that the republican moves towards an anti-union state "galvanized" those affected.
- Analyzes how supported his thesis by comparing various labor organizations' laws, rules, and procedures to show how several different aspects work to either remove or maintain labor policies.
- Explains that they consulted donald f. kettl's "the politics of the administrative process" on collective bargaining issues to investigate the contribution of this article to labor rights and human rights.
- Opines that compa's article shows the challenges and prospects of collective bargaining, but there would need more information and details to support the legality issues faced by the violation of the international labor organization standards by twenty states.
- Explains that van wart's article "lessons from leadership theory and the contemporary challenges of leaders" provides a relatively instrumental framework for leadership theories.
- Explains van wart's two approaches to defining leadership: a "how-to" approach that defines leadership by one aspect, but may omit important roles, and the list approach.
- Analyzes van wart's five well-recognized theories as they relate to the solution of the present-day challenges.
- Explains the classical management method, the transactional leadership theory, and the transformational theory.
- Analyzes how van wart provides examples of how each theory works to support why these various styles of leadership remain relevant within administrative positions.
- Analyzes how van wart uses several journal articles on administrative ethics, management, and roles to investigate his topic of leadership theories.
- Opines that van wart's article provides a frame for what is constant in leadership and what’s new in it. a chart makes this information easy to share and may enlighten an administrative position.
3015 wordsRead More - Democracy In The 19th Centuryanalytical essayDuring the construction of the new Constitution, many of the most prominent and experienced political members of America’s society provided a framework on the future of the new country; they had in mind, because of the failures of the Articles of Confederation, a new kind of government where the national or Federal government would be the sovereign power, not the states. Because of the increased power of the national government over the individual states, many Americans feared it would hinder their ability to exercise their individual freedoms. Assuring the people, both Alexander Hamilton and James Madison insisted the new government under the constitution was “an expression of freedom, not its enemy,” declaring “the Constitution made political tyranny almost impossible.” (Foner, pg. 227) The checks and balances introduced under the new and more powerful national government would not allow the tyranny caused by a king under the Parliament system in Britain. They insisted that in order achieve a greater amount of freedom, a national government was needed to avoid the civil unrest during the system under the Articles of Confederation. Claiming that the new national government would be a “perfect balance between liberty and power,” it would avoid the disruption that liberty [civil unrest] and power [king’s abuse of power in England] caused. The “lackluster leadership” of the critics of the new constitution claimed that a large land area such as America could not work for such a diverse nation.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that andrew jackson, the 7th president of the united states, was inaugurated in 1829 and was best known as the person who mainstreamed democracy.
- Explains that the new constitution was an expression of freedom, not its enemy. the new government would not allow the tyranny caused by a king in britain.
- Analyzes how george washington, the first president under the newly created united states, promoted the general welfare of the people to create a society based on individual freedom.
- Analyzes how jackson's presidency deviated from the original documents set by preceding presidents and the constitution.
- Explains that thomas jefferson promoted the general welfare of the people and helped them prosper with the help of a new, more powerful government.
1358 wordsRead More - Fahrenheit 451 Analysisanalytical essayIn Federalist 10 James Madison argued that while factions are inevitable, they might have interests adverse to the rights of other citizens. Madison’s solution was the implementation of a Democratic form of government. He felt that majority rule would not eliminate factions, but it would not allow them to be as powerful as they were. With majority rule this would force all parties affiliate and all social classes from the rich white to the poor minorities to work together and for everyone’s opinion and views to be heard.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that madison's solution was the implementation of a democratic form of government. he felt that majority rule would force all parties affiliate and all social classes from the rich white to the poor minorities to work together.
- Explains that the republican form of government that was fashioned by the constitution would allow these factions to remain on top and stay powerful.
- Analyzes how the regime in fahrenheit 451 uses censorship on books and learning to deal with factions and factional discord.
- Opines that the society was successful because factions were eliminated because everyone followed the same rules and no one was rebelling.
- Explains that the regime controlled what the public was watching, listening to, and could brainwash them by continuously feeding the citizens information they want them to know.
- Defines the pursuit of happiness as a journey of an individual's true passion, lifestyle, and family, all while maintaining these aspects without deliberately hurting others.
- Explains that jefferson's meaning of "the pursuit of happiness" distinguishes the value of property ownership. jefferson believed that having one’s own property is essential to supporting oneself, developing talents, controlling work, establishing values, trading, and making a living.
- Analyzes how the residents of fahrenheit 451 were not happy in the society they were confined to. they were the victims of media and entertainment.
701 wordsRead More - America: Myth Of Equalityanalytical essay...the initial American system. The factions that Madison concerns himself with were the population’s majority, otherwise known as the lesser classes. As a result, the establishment of division of power and checks and balances clauses would give the populace a lesser chance of gaining much authority over the already established aristocracy.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that the united states serves as the ideal model of democracy for the modern world, but how truly worthy is america of this status?
- Opines that equality is a direct result of the early american society's ranking system.
- Explains that the 17th-century puritans had an extremely strict manner of thinking that was entirely based on inequality. winthrop outlines the societal rationale, and in turn, the disparity of equality in his society.
- Opines that god is pleased to show forth the glory of his wisdom in the variety and difference of the creatures and his power, in ordering all these differences for the preservation and good
- Explains that the puritans did not believe in equality, and winthrop's pleads for unhappy souls, assigned by the almighty to be subordinate, to take their place for the preservation of society.
- Analyzes how societal stratification was a factor during the formation of the american political system. adams' correspondences with his wife, abigail, show readers the role of women during this age.
- Opines that their letter was the first intimation that another tribe more numerous and powerful than all the rest were grown discontented.
- Explains that adams' wife's ideas were a result of her "saucy" personality, and that he saw minority groups as lessors. adams devoted his life to politics, participating with distinction in the revolutionary activities of boston and philadelphia.
- Explains that the federalist papers, written by james madison, alexander hamilton, and john jay, helped change the tide toward support for ratification.
- Analyzes how madison's federalist paper no. 10 details his thoughts on how dangerous factions can be towards the future form of government.
- Describes a number of citizens who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens.
- Opines that the federalist papers and the constitution were written to protect the government.
- Explains that madison was born to a slave-holding family in montpelier, virginia. he rose through the ranks of virginian politics until he was selected to represent the state in the continental congress.
- Argues that the declaration of independence's statement, "all men are created equal," was far from the truth during early american history.
1311 wordsRead More - Analysis Of The New Federal Constitution A Radical Experimentanalytical essayHe discusses how Madison noticed the problem of each of the 134 states having its own agenda. Madison even thought that people were interested in their local politics. They don’t think of the whole state or even the whole country (Wood, 2012). He wanted to change this and create a stronger government that would override certain state powers like money printing and the ability to pass tariffs. He suggested that democracy was not a solution, but a problem (Wood, 2012). Basically, on a state level, he wanted to elevate decision making to limit democracy which was actually causing more harm than
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how gordon wood calls the new federal constitution a "radical experiment" and believes the framers of that constitution to be political radicals.
- Explains that the new federal constitution was considered a "radical experiment" because it gave the government power.
- Analyzes wood's argument that there were two reform movements that influenced the creation of the constitution.
- Analyzes how gordon wood explains the second reform movement at state level. madison noticed the problem of each of the 134 states having its own agenda and wanted to create a stronger government that would override certain state powers.
- Opines that modern americans still believe in the framer's "radical experiment" but don't believe it as much.
809 wordsRead More - Unequal Distribution Of Property And Factionsanalytical essayIn conclusion, Madison thinks the human nature is ambitious, and the fixed outcome of human ambitions is people create factions to promote their own interests. In the case of preventing corrupt or mischief by factions, he believes majority and pure democracy is not a solution. The method he advocated is a large republic with checking system. He converts human ambition to provide internal checks and balances in government. His point of view stimulated the approval of the proposal of the United States Constitution.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how madison explains the link between unequal distribution of property and factions. he states people are born with different talents, attitudes, and physical/mental powers.
- Analyzes how madison explains the reasons why unequal distribution of property leads to factions in a liberal society.
- Proposes how a government should be formed to control faction's harm to avoid mischief in government and promote public good.
- Explains madison's reasons for using republic government to regulate the violence of faction. the first reason is that republic has more efficiency to prevent the tyrant of majority.
- Analyzes how a large number of representatives provide two benefits to society: more choices to choose from, and less agreement in factions.
- Explains madison's suggestion that the u.s. government should use the model of separation of powers to prevent one branch being more powerful than others.
- Explains that ambition is human nature and cannot be changed. madison suggests the government should convert ambition in a good way to prevent abuse of power.
- Explains that the constitution separates congress into the house and senate, which provides internal checks on legislative branch. professor al schendan explained these structures as necessary for liberty.
- Concludes that madison thinks the human nature is ambitious, and the fixed outcome of human ambitions is people create factions to promote their own interests.
1079 wordsRead More - The Consequences of Factionsanalytical essayDuring the early formative years of the United States, James Madison contributed to the creation of many short essays describing what a functioning, well-established government should contain. In the 10th of his Federalist papers, Madison discusses the detrimental, yet necessary existence of factions in political life. Madison states that, “the latent causes of faction are sown in the nature of man” (Madison), the effects of these factions has to be effectively controlled by implementing the republican principle. By evaluating four separate policy events it is remarkable to see the relevance of the ideas that James Madison presents
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how james madison contributed to the creation of short essays describing what a functioning, well-established government should contain.
- Analyzes how the watergate scandal, involving the attorney general john mitchell and the presidential candidate richard nixon, is a superb case of one of those conflicts.
- Explains that the civil rights movement was a fight for liberties that for centuries, the majority had been withholding from the minority.
- Analyzes how the iranian hostage crisis sparked controversy and anger within many different political groups but proved madison's theories to be correct by the results of the involved governments.
- Analyzes how world war ii marked the existence of an extreme, almost unimaginable faction, the nazi party, which opposed almost every ounce of liberty available.
- Analyzes how the federalist 10 paper demonstrates madison's theories pertaining to the benefits of a democratic republic with great poise and striking accuracy.
- Analyzes how johnson's words can correlate precisely with madison descriptions in the federalist 10, that in a republic, no group should have the ability to control the liberties of another.
- Analyzes how lyndon b. johnson remarked upon signing the civil rights act of 1964. the american mosaic: the african american experience. abc-clio, 2011.
1621 wordsRead More - Madison vs. Marshallanalytical essayIn Madison’s work of Federalist No. 10, he identifies factions were a problem. He views them as “a dangerous vice”, but at the same time saw factions as a necessary evil. He mentions that “The regulation of these various and interfering interest forms the principal task of modern legislation; and involves the spirit of party and faction in the necessary and ordinary operations of government.” Here Madison states that factions, opposed in spirit to democratic ideals, spreading “unsteadiness and injustice” which are actually necessary for the function of a representative government. Throughout his paper, Madison explains how pure democracy wouldn’t be able to work, because it had “no cure for the mischief of faction.” He believed that this type of government will give so much power to the majority that it was doomed to fail. He sounded very confident that the new constitution would work. He believed of having a representative and a republic system. He had no doubt in mind that new constitution would be the end of the states embarrassment to the world. Madison saw democracy not as an ideal but something that could be modified to be fitted.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that madison and marshall's points of view differed from one another, and that the political landscape was different.
- Analyzes how madison identifies factions as a problem in federalist no. 10. he believes that pure democracy wouldn't work because it had no cure for the mischief of faction.
- Opines that marshall was erroneous by not accepting the constitutional celebration.
640 wordsRead More - Pluralismanalytical essayIn Federalist No. 10, James Madison stresses that “measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority.” Madison philosophized that a large republic, composed of numerous factions capable of competing with each other and the majority must exist in order to avoid tyranny of majority rule.# When Federalist No. 10 was published, the concept of pluralism was not widely used. However, the political theory that is the foundation for United States government was the influential force behind pluralism and its doctrines.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that many critics believe that faction representation is biased in favor of wealthy corporations and affluent individuals. schattschneider claims that the heavenly chorus sings with an upper-class accent.
- Analyzes how madison and the other founding fathers envisioned a country with political freedom and opportunity for every citizen. they hoped that america would avoid tyranny brought by an overwhelming majority.
- Analyzes how texas republican larry combest criticizes the bush administration for turning down the republican farm bill.
- Explains the concept of pluralism in federalist no. 10, which focuses on shared power among interest groups and competing factions.
- Analyzes how the bush administration felt that not enough money would be spent on the environment. pluralism is a large aspect of the united states' political system.
- Cites becker, elizabeth, evans, graham, hewnham, jeffrey, kernell, samuel, and gary c. jacobson, the logic of american politics.
1378 wordsRead More