For this final paper, I would like to discuss the historical failures that came into light when Mr. Clifford Stoll (the author of “Cuckoo’s Egg: Tracking a spy through the Maze of Computer Espionage” book) stumbled upon a $ 0.75 accounting error and the revelations that followed, its potential findings, risks and costs associated and why it is important to address and fix those security holes. Cuckoo’s Egg is an interesting read and the author was successful in presenting to his readers the picture of beginning of Internet days (arpanet, then), network practices then. Despite of the fact that this book describes a real incident that in 1980’s, some of the findings are relevant and torment us even today.
One of the major historical failures that comprised security is the UNIX operating system (with GNU Emacs installed) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories and other military laboratories. UNIX operating systems were widely being used by a vast number of computer professionals and research scientists back in those days. Though the operating system cannot be categorized as completely insecure, I believe that the default settings (which eventually helped the intruders to take advantage of this) are one of the main failures that lead to other events mentioned in the book.
However, I feel users had a different vision/perspective on security mechanisms and they trusted each other during those times and did not have to worry about protecting their information (this is how exactly, one person’s ignorance becomes another’s person’s - hacker, here bliss). This book helps us to understand the vulnerabilities; its impacts and why it is important to address/ fix those holes.
Like i already mentioned...
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... for real time monitoring purposes, create alerts, and auditing purposes as well as tools to analyze the log information. Such tools help us a great deal in forensic analysis. It is a welcoming change that organizations realize the importance of auditing computer system activities as well.
Compared to past, today we have sound security policies, established cyber laws, active monitoring systems, and extra layers of security in form of firewalls etc., to prevent access to uninvited guests for your network and most importantly increased user awareness. But still there exist vulnerabilities in and around the cyber space of which the hackers exploit for different purposes. The monetary losses we suffer today are much greater in magnitude as well as in mass. But, we definitely are in a better place compared to the time the events in this book took place.
The author Ken Kesey was born in La Junta, Colorado and went to Stanford University. He volunteered to be used for an experiment in the hospital because he would get paid. In the book “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest”, Kesey brings up the past memories to show how Bromden is trying to be more confident by using those thoughts to make him be himself. He uses Bromden’s hallucinations, Nurse Ratched’s authority, and symbolism to reveal how he’s weak, but he builds up more courage after each memory.
I chose the subject about “One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest” written by Ken Kesey in 1962 for my research paper because my mother told me years ago of the accompanying film and how interesting it is. Two years ago a friend of mine came back from his exchange programme in the United States of America. He told me that he and his theatre group there had performed this novel. He was and still is very enthusiastic about the theme and about the way it is written. Although I started reading the novel, I didn’t manage to finish it till the day we had to choose our subjects at school. When I saw this subject on the list, which we were given by our English teacher Mr Schäfer, I was interested immediately. So I chose it.
One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a film directed by Czech Milos Forman in 1975. Using potent elements of fiction--characters, conflict, and symbolism--Forman illustrates the counterculture of the 1960’s. This film depicts American society as an insane asylum that demands conformity from its citizens. The film begins with a conniving convict being assigned to the asylum. R. P. McMurphy is sent to the asylum to be evaluated by the doctors and to determine whether or not he is mentally ill. He is unaware that he will be supervised by an emasculating woman named Nurse Mildred Ratched who watches the patients’ every motion from her nurse’s station.
In the 1960’s Ken Kesey, a student of the university of Oregon and Stanford University, became interested in alternative medicine and mental health after participating in a US Military psychedelic drug study. Kesey proceed to work for this same institution. For him it was important to take notes on the individuals in this ward, to draw them even! Kesey had an urge to get to know them, even to understand their story and this is precisely what lead him to his current perspective on society and the conformity which it expects of those who are a part of it. It is in this spirit which he wrote one flew over the Cuckoo’s nest and made a brilliant example of counter culture which to this day stands as a strong criticism to the way which mental health professions can become so corrupt and out of control.
Throughout society, there are many individuals who influence the growth/development of others. Ones influence on others could either have a positive or negative impact on an individual's life. Throughout Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, McMurphy's arrival on the ward influences the way the patients seek their own freedom. McMurphy sympathizes for the patient, not wanting to see them suffer in this “cuckoo nest” of a hospital. Such oppressive control is too much for McMurphy to bear and therefore he begins to challenge the Nurse’s control over all the patients in the wards, symbolically, all of mankind. Kesey’s title, One flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, signifies how the patients in the ward are able to free themselves under Nurse Ratched’s oppressive
“Women have been taught that, for us, the earth is flat, and that if we venture out, we will fall off the edge,” verbalizes Andrea Dworkin. Gender-roles have been ingrained in the every-day life of people all around the world since the beginnings of civilization. Both One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and Hamlet portray typical female stereotypes in different time periods. Due to the representation of women in literature like Hamlet by William Shakespeare and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kessey, and pop-culture, evidence of classic gender-based stereotypes in a consistently patriarchal world are still blatantly obvious in today’s societies.
Everybody wants to be accepted, yet society is not so forgiving. It bends you and changes you until you are like everyone else. Society depends on conformity and it forces it upon people. In Emerson's Self Reliance, he says "Society is a joint stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater." People are willing to sacrifice their own hopes and freedoms just to get the bread to survive. Although the society that we are living in is different than the one the Emerson's essay, the idea of fitting in still exists today. Although society and our minds make us think a certain way, we should always trust our better judgment instead of just conforming to society.
Fred Wright, Lauren's instructor for EN 132 (Life, Language, Literature), comments, "English 132 is an introduction to English studies, in which students learn about various areas in the discipline from linguistics to the study of popular culture. For the literature and literary criticism section of the course, students read a canonical work of literature and what scholars have said about the work over the years. This year, students read One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, by Ken Kesey, a classic of American literature which dates from the 1960s counterculture. Popularized in a film version starring Jack Nicholson, which the class also watched in order to discuss film studies and adaptation, the novel became notable for its sympathetic portrayal of the mentally ill. For an essay about the novel, students were asked to choose a critical approach (such as feminist, formalist, psychological, and so forth) and interpret the novel using that approach, while also considering how their interpretation fit into the ongoing scholarly dialogue about the work. Lauren chose the challenge of applying a Marxist approach to One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest. Not only did she learn about critical approaches and how to apply one to a text, she wrote an excellent essay, which will help other readers understand the text better. In fact, if John Clark Pratt or another editor ever want to update the 1996 Viking Critical Library edition of the novel, then he or she might want to include Lauren's essay in the next edition!"
While there are several competing if loosely defined definitions of cyberterrorism, Hua and Bapta have clearly broken down the core elements to illuminate the nuances between traditional terrorism and an ordinary hacker. As Hua and Bapta aptly state, "modern economies are heavily dependent upon Information Technology (IT) based information systems for survival" (Hua & Bapna 2013). Given our dependence on Information Systems, some effort of consideration must be given to securing them.
The only counter measures taken so far that have been revealed is that the 300 Internet addresses were shut down in May 2010. The very recent public notification of this cyber-attack will continue to unfold and new implemented strategies to prevent a reoccurance remain to be seen. As a patriot of this great nation, what has been presented is of extreme, if not grave, concern. The challenges of cyberculture to our nation’s security have been revealed. To what extent our security has been breached is a matter of speculation but be informed that these breaches must be met with complete counter-active success - failure to do so is not an option. .
Legends Cuckoo http://www.scaryforkids.com/cuckoo/ The Cuckoo is a korean horror legend of a old man with a mental disorder who liked to attack girls on the street whenever it was quiet and dark. It started with a rumor around a school courtyard, where there was a wild man they called Mr.Cuckoo. Many reports say a man would violently attack girls with a baseball bat and sometimes an axe, which led to injuries and even death. According to the story, Mr. Cuckoo was once a person suffering from a psychiatric disorder.
In the early days, many hackers were individuals, looking out for their own personal gains. Student hackers were able to expand computers, and they to made them play music and video games. In 1971, the programmer John Draper discovered that a little whistle that comes in a Captain Crunch cereal box had the same frequency as Phone Company’s used to send calls. His findings allowed him to make free phone calls anywhere in the world. (Clemmit, 767) When the 1980s began, younger hackers actually became professionals in breaching computer networks, this started and uproar of cyber crime incidents in the 1990s. From the 1990s to the 2000s, hackers started to really be recognized as a threat as they hacked into many federal government websites and large companies. This brought great controversy about what approach to take in stopping computer crimes. In the 2000s, hackers managed to make a huge name for themselves and became a main attraction to the public they were able to shut down a nuclear power plant in Ohio by unleashing a worm that disabled important safety systems. (Clemmit, 767)
The September 11th terrorist attacks have had both positive and negative impacts on the use of computers and technology. It is hard for many to believe that good things can come from bad situations. In this case it took a terrorist attack to make us realize that there is room for improvement in the quality of our technology that we rely so much on today.
It also gives brief description of cyber attack and what are the possibilities to occur in these attacks. Furthermore, it holds reasons an example how people fall into hackers’ traps and give their identities, including their personal information. From these stolen identities they make money by selling our identities. Most of the people are aware of these things, but they still fall into their traps and do not really do any thing to prevent it, even there are ways to prevent the attack which are included in this paper. In the end, this proves the point of people being careless about the cyber-attack in which they have possibilities to lose their
The problem this paper will endeavor to address is that of cyber security or the lack of it, characterized by the cybernation of our lives, which has increased our vulnerability to cyber-attacks. The scope of the threat posed by cyber insecurity will be addressed. How severe is threat posed by cyber criminals? How do they operate? The ramifications of cybercrimes and their impact on the economy are without a doubt cause for government. In addressing the problem, however, the government faces the dilemma of acce...