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Sudden infant death syndrome research paper
Sudden infant death syndrome research paper
Sudden infant death syndrome research paper
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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a mysterious phenomena that has managed to confound science so far. SIDS is defined as the sudden death of any infant or young child that is unexpected by history and in which a thorough post mortem examination fails to demonstrate an adequate cause (Hunt & Brouillette, 1987). It is the leading cause of death in infants in developed countries occurring at a rate of almost 2 per 1000 births. It most often occurs in infants between the ages of one month and eight months with the highest occurrence in the 4-6 month range. Several behaviors have been associated with this syndrome such as prolonged sleep apnea, increased risk of breath inspiration pause, excessive periodic breathing, diminished ventilatory sensitivity to hypoxia, and impaired arousal response to hypoxia, but none of these have stood out as the definitive cause or as a screening device (Hunt & Brouillette, 1987). Instead it appears SIDS may be the result of a collection of factors that in the right circumstances results in infant death. This paper will examine some of the factors that appear to be associated with SIDS as well as some hypotheses on the cause.
Recent findings have shown that one cause of what has been labeled SIDS is suffocation or carbon dioxide rebreathing (Kemp et al, 1993). Technically this is not SIDS but it is often misdiagnosed as the cause of death if the physical scene is not examined, and it may also be a significant cause of SIDS. It seems that the practice of placing infants in the prone position, common in America and Europe, may be detrimental to the infant’s well-being. Studies of rabbits placed in this position on various surfaces have shown death to ensue as a re...
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...s in human hypothalamus in relation to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Progress in Brain Research: 93, 167-188.
Lagercrantz, H and M. Ranold. (1991) Hypoxia and Neuropharmacology of Breathing. Developmental Neurobiology of Breathing, New York. pp. 661-679.
Naeye, R., J. Olsson and J. Combs. New Brainstem and Bone Marrow Abnormalities in Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. J. Perinat.: 9, 180-183.
Ponsonby, A., T. Dwyer, et al. (1993) Factors Potentiating the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Associated with the Prone Position. N. Engl. J. Med. :329, 377-382.
Schechtman, V., R. Harper, and D. Southall. (1992) Sleep State Organization in Normal Infants and Victims of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Pediatrics; 89, 865-870.
Ward, S., D. Bautista and T. Keens. (1992) Hypoxia Arousal Response in Normal Infants. Pediatrics: 89, 860-864.
Las Posadas is a Mexican holiday that is like Christmas for the United States. It was originated in Spain and lasts for nine days. This holiday begins on December sixteenth and ends on December twenty-fourth. This is also a catholic holiday but most people in Mexico celebrate it. This holiday was thought to be started in the sixteenth century by “St. Ignatius of Loyola or Friar Pedro de Gant in Mexico.” In Mexico they have a tradition where they put a candle in a paper lampshade. Then they would take the lampshade with the candle inside it and went outside to sing a song, allowing Joseph and Mary to be recognized and allowed to enter the world. This is still a tradition today but one thing has changed from around when it was started. It, for some people, celebrated it in a church instead of the family’s home. There is a thing that is common for both the United Stated and Mexico. They both sing Christmas carols, they go along to houses or in a church and sing Christmas songs. On these days the children will break piñatas to get the candy and prizes inside. They also so another thing ...
In the United States, approximately 2 million children are living with life threatening conditions and 18,000 new born die within the first 28 days of life due to prematurity/immaturity, infection, and congenital anomalies annually (Thibeau 2012). Globally 450 newborns die every hour (Eden 2010).
Neonatal nursing is a field of nursing designed especially for both newborns and infants up to 28 days old. The term neonatal comes from neo, "new", and natal, "pertaining to birth or origin”. Neonatal nurses are a vital part of the neonatal care team. These are trained professionals who concentrate on ensuring that the newborn infants under their care are able to survive whatever potential life threatening event they encounter. They treat infants that are born with a variety of life threatening issues that include instances of prematurity, congenital birth defects, surgery related problems, cardiac malformations, severe burns, or acute infection. Neonatal care in hospitals was always done by the nursing staff but it did not officially become a specialized medical field until well into 1960s. This was due to the numerous advancements in both medical care training and related technology that allowed for the improved treatment and survival rate of premature babies. According to the March of Dimes, one of every thirteen babies born in the United States annually suffers from low birth weight. This is a leading cause in 65% of infant deaths. Therefore, nurses play a very important role in providing round the clock care for these infants, those born with birth defects or other life threatening illness. In addition, these nurses also tend to healthy babies while their mothers recover from the birthing process. Prior to the advent of this specialized nursing field at risk newborn infants were mostly cared for by obstetricians and midwives who had limited resources to help them survive (Meeks 3).
Many questions about the causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), also known as “crib death,” are still unresolved. The mysterious and elusive nature of SIDS creates problems, doubts, and more questions. This paper will present some of the most commonly asked questions as well as the answers that have been uncovered by scientists after years of research and study.
Reinis, Stanislaw, and Jerome M. Goldman. The Development of the Brain. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publishers, 1980. Rockwell, P.E., M.D., M.Sc., M.Sc. Director of Anesthesiology, Leonard Hospital, Troy, NY, U.S. Supreme Court, Markle v. Abele, 72-56, 72-730, 1972.
We know babies die from SIDS and they have been looking high and low for a cause. Everyone seems to want a neat and tidy answer to what has happened to these babies, and I understand why. I believe co-sleeping has been given a bad reputation because people need something to blame and not based on actual scientific evidence. Dr. William Sears suggests that, “In those infants at risk for SIDS, natural mothering [unrestricted breastfeeding and sharing sleep with baby] will lower the risk of SIDS” (Sears, "Cosleeping and Biological Imperatives").... ...
...o bring to my people while breath still came to my lips. (Page 62 Lines 818-820). After the battle is said and done Beowulf is dying from a bite wound to the throat and his last final wish is for the building of a lighthouse, “Then the Gears built the tower, as Beowulf Had asked, strong and tall, so sailors could find it from far and wide;” (Page 63 Lines 843-845) . Even after death Beowulf wanted to be a role model and guide his people, in the form of a lighthouse.
This study is a clinical trial that aims to find out the effect of massage on behavioral state of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. The participants were 45 neonates who hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman. Parental consent was obtained for research participation. The inclusion criteria included all infants born with respiratory distress syndrome, less than 36 weeks gestational age and without of any the following conditions: contraindication of touch, skin problems, hyperbilirubinemia, anemia, respirators, chest tube, addicted mother, congenital and central nervous system disease. Infants entered the massage protocol during the second day after starting enteral feeding, because the initiation of enteral feeding means that the infants in physiologically stable [12]. The researcher determined if infants met the study criteria. After initial assessment, the infants were entered to the group. The infants received 45 minute periods of massage intervention per day for 5 days. Each infant received tactile/kinesthetic stimulation, 15 minute periods at the beginning of three consecutive hours. Each massage always started at approximately 30 minutes after afternoon feeding and provided by one or two trained nurses. The 15 minute stimulation sessions consist of 3 standardized 5 minute phases. Tactile stimulation was given during the first and third phases, and kinesthetic stimulation was given during the middle phase. For the tactile stimulation, the neonate was placed in a prone position. After thorough hand scrubbing, the person providing stimulation placed the palms of her warmed hands on the infant’s body through the isolate portholes. Then She gently stroked with her hands for five ...
As a first world country American infants should have a seemingly better start at life than many other countries. In recent decades America has made a strident effort in the progress towards lower Infant mortality rates resulting in a decline from 12.1-6.2 ( ). However, there is a concerning disparity between white American babies and black American babies in terms of infant mortality. The current Infant mortality rate for non-Hispanic white women is 5.11 deaths per 1,000 births. For Non-Hispanic black women the rate is 11.42 deaths per 1,000 births.. A high rate of infant mortality is seen equally in African Americans across the strata of the racial group showing no prejudice to SES, education, and other intrinsic factors such as education or access to health care. African American infant mortality rates are a severe social disparity in modern America as compared to other minority and non-minority groups regardless of SES, educational status, and age. This alarmingly oppositional data is both puzzling and startling to public health professionals and doctors alike as they attempt to determine a direct cause for such a devastating disparity
There are approximately 196 countries in the world and almost every single one of them celebrates Christmas differently. Christmas in Mexico (Navidad) is a million times different than the Christmas that we know and celebrate in the U.S. In Mexico there are lots of events that happen before January 6th, which is Epiphany day (The day of the Three Wise Men) also known as “El Dia de los Reyes”. I am will be explaining every all of the events that take place during Christmas (Navidad) all the way up to January 6th.
Kopp, N. et al. Ontogeny of Peptides in Human Hypothalamus in Relation to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS. Progress in Brain Research. 1992;93: 167-185.
...o those patients with chest pain, in order to maintain oxygen saturations as close to 100%, unknowingly realizing that the patient is being exposed to significant periods of hyperoxia (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). It has been suggested that this is due to poor monitoring skills by health professionals. (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). From reading this essay it is clear that there is a high demand and need of further clinical research into the effectiveness of oxygen in the client with chest pain. More research also has to be conducted in order for the health professionals to fully understand what oxygen does to the body. Through completing and implementing more updated and reviewed evidence and research on the effect of oxygen on the client with chest pain, a better practice can be put in place to ensure the patient is receiving the best care to save their life.
Wisborg, K., Kesmodel, U., Tine, B. H., Sjurdur, F. O., & Secher, N. J. (2000). A prospective study of smoking during pregnancy and SIDS. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 83(3), 203-6. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/196895386?accountid=41057
Brandtjen, H., & Verny, T. (2001). Short and long term effects on infants and toddlers in full
Kales, A. (1972). The evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders : Pharmacological and psychological studies. In M. Chase (ed.)The Sleeping Brain. Los Angeles : Brain Information Service.