Reliability Testing – by Alexander Wassell 11-30-13
Executive Summary
Sudden cardiac arrest is a health problem, claiming over 450,000 lives every year in the US. Sudden cardiac arrest is reversible, but only if treated within minutes with the aid of an electrical cardioverter shock via an automated external defibrillator (AED) or with an AED defibrillator. (Sudden Cardian Arrest, n.d.). Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is an electrical problem caused by electrical malfunction of the heart that results in no blood flow to the body and brain usually caused by an abnormal heart rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF).The most effective way to treat Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is through defibrillation. Medtronic has been able to provide defibrillation through the invention of cardiac defibrillators. Their product is the Medtronic Physio Control LIFEPAK 15 Defibrillator/Monitor, delivers an electrical shock to the heart in order to restore a normal heartbeat within 10 minutes in order to survive an SCA event. If defibrillation does not occur within the window of 10 minutes, the rate of survival drops to less than 5%. LIFEPAK defibrillator's estimated lifecycle is between 3 to 7 years, depending on a number of variables. This wide range prompted Medtronic’s Cardiac Rhythm Disease Management (CRDM) department to request from the engineering department a life data analysis for the product line (times-to-failure). The request, “What is your best, relatively quick, estimate of the reliability of the system over a period of time relevant to the system?”
The desire to obtain reliability results rapidly than when the data comes from products operating under normal conditions via modeling the periods of the product life is a complicated probl...
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...(LASP) problem, which was covered in Chapter 6.
If the sample size required to distinguish between pa and pb turns out to be too large, it may be necessary to increase T or test at a higher stress. The important point is that the above assumptions and equations give a methodology for planning ongoing reliability tests under a Weibull model
Works Cited
Living with Your . (2011). Retrieved from Medtronic: http://www.medtronic.com/wcm/groups/mdtcom_sg/@mdt/@crdm/documents/documents/living-with-icd-english.pdf
Sudden Cardian Arrest. (n.d.). Retrieved from Medtronic: http://www.medtronic.com/for-healthcare-professionals/products-therapies/cardiac-rhythm/therapies/sudden-cardiac-arrest/
Technical Support Document - Distribution Models for Reliability Data. (n.d.). Retrieved from Minitab: http://www.minitab.com/support/documentation/Answers/Reliability_Distribution.pdf
Last March, an undefeated basketball squad faced a tragic loss, and unfortunately it was not the game. An undefeated season was on the line for the Fennvile Blackhawks, and the whole town was in attendance. The game went into overtime and Wes Leonard was ready for it. Seconds left in overtime, the score was tied again. It was the last play of the game, and Wes Leonard drove to the basket for a lay up, putting them up by two. Time expired and fans rushed the court looking for the hero that made that game winning basket. Seconds later that hero collapsed to the ground. Wes Leonard, a 16 year old healthy boy, died minutes after his dream, a game winning shot, of a cardiac arrest. ( Moisse Sec. 1 Par. 1-3)
Targeted Temperature Management at 33 degree versus 36 degree after Cardiac Arrest (Neilsen et al)
4. "Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)." - ASQ. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. .
These programmers communicate with the pacemaker via wireless radio frequency as well as telemetry to make device adjustments and monitor device functions. Physician programmers require no authentication to program pacemaker devices [15]. This is true for all pacemakers. The lack of required authentication is a point of concern because of the potential for risk. As was mentioned, pacemaker manufacturers warn of prolonged exposure to cellphones, metal detection systems, and other electrical devices for risk of misinterpretation by the pacemaker. The electrical impulses these devices emit could be read by the pacemaker as a heartbeat which could cause the device to malfunction or fail [17]. Deliberate attacks on pacemakers have been tested and provide troubling results. Within a 50-foot proximity, an attacker can deliver a lethal 830v jolt to a user’s heart from a laptop [13]. On the hard drives of two pacemaker devices both encrypted and unencrypted data was found by researchers for the technology research company WhiteScope. The researchers found that one unnamed pacemaker device stores unencrypted PHI such as patient and physician names, treatment data, and, most concerning, patient social security number [15]. This information can be collected and sold through black market
Cardiac monitoring has been available since the early 1960s (Henriques-Forsythe, Ivonye, Jamched, Kamuguisha, Olejeme & Onwuanyi, 2009). George, Walsh-Irwin, Queen, Vander Heuvel, Hawkins, & Roberts (2015) explain, “Remote telemetry monitoring is the monitoring of cardiac rhythms of acute care inpatients from a central locate by personnel who are not directly involved with patient care” (p. 11). Researchers and authors published a multitude of articles, best practices, and standards for hospital monitoring (Drew, 2004, Funk, 2010). A basic internet query reveals injuries and deaths related to remote telemetry monitoring. Guidelines, best practices, and research provide the best evidence in the delivery of safe quality care
First of all we need to understand the type of technology this device represents. Is this a sustaining innovation? Or is this a completely new disruptive product? After fully understanding this aspect we can make better decisions regarding the future of the firm and its product. This device offers many benefits that current products do not. As explained earlier, this device is extremely portable, offering emergency rooms the flexibility and convenience they seek to provide patients with the best treatment possible. Likewise, this product will come in at a price point much lower than current echocardiographies, further separ...
What I wanted to talk about today is this life save device called a automated external defibrillator. It has become the number one way to resuscitate a person who has had a cardiac arrest unwitnessed by emergency medical services and who is still in persistent ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. Many people have played a big role in creating this device to become more efficient, smaller and easier to use for the general public. Here are just to name a few that played a part in the creation for this device: Claude Beck, James Rand, Paul Zoll, and Frank Pantridge. The first use of a defibrillator on a patient was in 1947 on a 14 year old boy. Claude Beck was performing a open-chest surgery when the boy went into fibrillation. Beck manually massaged his heart for 45 minutes until the arrival of the defibrillator. The defibrillator he used during surgery was made by James Rand and had silver paddles the size of large teaspoons. In 1956, Paul Zoll performed the first successful external defibrillation with a more powerful defibrillator. A major breakthrough in emergency medicine occur in 1965. At the time a majority of coronary deaths occurred outside of the hospital setting since defibrillator required a main power source and were only available in hospitals it made them pretty much useless in saving lives outside of a hospital setting. Frank Pantridge often referred to as the Father of Emergency Medicine, made the first portable defibrillator in 1965. This device was power by a car battery and weighted approximately 70 kg (155 lbs). By 1968 he was able to create a defibrillator that was safer to use and only weighted 3 kg (6-7 lbs). It was argued that their was a possibility of misuse of the device if given to a unt...
The narrator in “The Tell-Tale Heart” is not guilty because of reason of insanity. Although the narrator claimed that he was not mad, he acted like it. He even thought that the old man had an “Evil Eye” that was vexing him. He actually seemed proud, and sounded like he was very confident, acting as if he was better than “mad” people. He is insane.
Although HCM is the most common cause of sudden death in the general public, it is not well known. This is partially because in the U.S., we do not have enough doctors to evaluate results from an ECG, which
A microprocessor inside the defibrillator interprets (analyzes) the victim's heart rhythm through adhesive electrodes (some AED models require you to press an ANALYZE button). The computer analyzes the heart rhythm and advises the operator whether a shock is needed. AEDs advise a shock only to ventricular fibrillation and fast ventricular tachycardia. The electric current is delivered through the victim's chest wall through adhesive electrode pads.
The aim of this scenario-based assignment is to discuss the therapeutic intervention in the care of a patient with Congestive Cardiac Failure (CCF). A brief summary of the patient’s medical history will be given while discussing one specific nursing problem in terms of heart rate/ rhythm. Also, an overview of aetiology will be given as well as pathophysiology in order to explain the rationale for treatment and monitoring. Relevant research relating to the literature will be utilised throughout in order to critically analyse the care provided for the patient and determine if the patient received evidence based up-to-date care. In accordance with the statement from the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) code of conduct regarding patient confidentiality, no personal details of the patient involved will be disclosed. Therefore, the patient will be identified as Mrs S.
Electrocution occurs when a small, specific amount of electrical current flows through the heart for 1 to 3 seconds. 0.006-0.2 Amps (i.e. 6-200 milliamps) of current flowing through the heart disrupts the normal coordination of heart muscles. These muscles lose their vital rhythm and begin a process known as ventricular fibrillation. Death soon follows.
In the US, heart attacks kill more people than any other single cause. Many of the deaths are caused by electrical disturbances in a damaged heart that cause it to fibrillate (Pool). Despite current overwhelming interest in the operations of the human heart, for most of history the human heart has been regarded as a "forbidden organ too delicate to tamper with" (NOVA). In fact, it might have remained so, were it not for World War II where military doctors, faced with massive numbers of injuries ushered the world into our current medical trajectory.
The United States performed their own study in Minnesota of college and high school athletes trying to see the rate of sudden cardiac arrest. The athletes in Minnesota did not undergo ECG screening, unlike the athletes in Italy. I have compared the results of the two studies which have taken place around the same time period. I found out that there were 12 deaths in the Veneto, Italy region, where the screening took place, compared to only 11 deaths in Minneosta, where there was no screening. ( Corrado; Drezner; Basso; Pelliccia; Thiene p. 199 ) With that observation it is clear on why the United States do not perform the expensive ECG screening, like Italy requires.
According to the American Heart Association (American Heart Association, n.d.) approximately 850 Americans die every day from sudden cardiac arrest. Of these, eighty percent of them occur in the ...