Success of the Civil Rights Movement by 1963

The U.S. Supreme Court heard arguments on five cases that challenged elementary- and secondary-school segregation, and in May 1954 issued its landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education that stated that racially segregated education was unconstitutional. White Southerners received the Brown decision first with shock and, in some instances, with expressions of goodwill. By 1955, however, white opposition in the South had grown into massive resistance, a strategy to persuade all whites to resist compliance with the desegregation orders. It was believed that if enough people refused to cooperate with the federal court order, it could not be enforced. Tactics included firing school employees who showed willingness to seek integration, closing public schools rather than desegregating, and boycotting all public education that was integrated.

Bus Boycott of Montgomery was the beginning of the Civil Rights movement, which was sparked by the arrest of forty-three year old seamstress Rosa Parks, when she refused to give her seat up to a white passenger standing on a segregated city bus in Montgomery, Alabama, on December 5, 1955, and ended December 20, 1956. The Bus Boycott led to the Three hundred and eighty-one- Day Montgomery bus boycott, and the Civil Rights movement in the United States. Rosa Parks once stated “when the policeman approach me, one of them spoke and asked me if the driver had asked me to stand, and I said yes. He said, Why don’t you stand up? I said I don’t think I should have to stand up.’ And I asked him, ‘why do you push us around?’ He said, ‘I do

Her willingness to be arrested rather than give in one more time led to the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott” (Beals, 1995, p. 20). Then in February 8, 1956, the NAACP demanded that the schools integrate immediately. The Little Rock governor, Orval Faubus, refused to support integration of the Arkansas schools. As all this unfolded, white citizens became increasingly incandescent and even violent towards blacks (Beals, 1995). In 1955 a group of over 100 students voluntarily signed their name on a paper stating they would like to attend an all-white-school.

Race Relations in Early 1960's in the USA Early 1960’s During the fifties in USA there was much racial hatred. Segregation was widespread. The NAACP declared that segregation, “is the way in which a society tells a group of human beings that they are inferior to other groups.” Twenty states during 1954 practised segregation as a law. The black schools were always inferior to the white schools. In 1954 the NAACP had challenged the right to segregation in the case of Brown v Board of Education and won.

On December 1st, 1955, Rosa Parks, a 42-year old seamstress refused to yield her seat on a bus to a white man. She was arrested on the spot and fined fourteen dollars. Her bold courage issued forth a domino effect of non-violent protests that would break down the iron gate of segregation. As we read her story and the story of the Montgomery Bus Boycott first hand from the articles published in the New York Times, we saw that her actions and the boycott that ensued was the most significant event of 1955. We will discuss the differences in the news reports that we gathered on the event and the various articles that have been written within the past ten years, after the end of the Civil Rights Movement.

21 May 2014 paragraph 1) King led the important bus boycott in 1959. (Martin Luther King, Jr “Britannica school Back then if you were an African American you had to give up your seat for whites to sit down. On December 1, 1955 a black woman named Rosa Parks stood up for herself and did not give up her seat to a white man. She was arrested for not following the city’s segregation law. (Martin Luther King, Jr “Britannica School 6-7) Activist formed a group to boycott the buses and they chose King as their leader.

A white man entered the bus and expected her to move but she disagreed to. This action quickly ignited the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This was a boycott in which all blacks and even some whites refused to agree in using the bus system. This boycott lasted a little over a year and because of the money loss, soon all the buses became integrated. The Civil Rights Movement was undeniably significant to our growing as a nation.

There was a large lawsuit about integration in Little Rock in 1952 that wanted to have black students attend an all white school. Unfortunately, a petition was filed opposing black kids going to an all white school. Miraculously ,May 17, 1954 was the surprising day that the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Their ruling stated that segregating public schools made them unequal and was illegal. Segregationists did whatever it was necessary to stop the integration in Central High School.

The Civil Rights in the 1950's and 60's (1) Trumans civil rights committee: In 1947 Trumans Civil Rights Committee recommended laws protecting the right of African Americans to vote and banning segregation on railroads and buses. It also called for a federal law punishing lynching. He issued executive orders ending segregation in the armed forces and prohibiting job discrimination in all government agencies. (2) Brown V. the Board of Education (1954): In 1954 the Supreme Court made one of the most important decisions in its long history. It decided in the case of Brown v. Board Of Education of Topeka that it was unconstitutional for states to maintain separate schools for African American and white children.

The civil right movement refers to the reform movement in the United States beginning in the 1954 to 1968 led primarily by Blacks for outlawing racial discrimination against African-Americans to prove the civil rights of personal Black citizen. For ten decades after the Emancipation Proclamation, African-Americans in Southern states still live a rigid unequal world of deprive right of citizenship, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. “Jim Crow” laws at the local and state levels. The nonviolent protest and civil disobedient were used by the civil right activist to bring change. Many leaders within the Black community and beyond distinguished during the Civil Rights era, including Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Andrew Goodman and leaders of Christian organization.