Subtle Changes in Language Create Media Bias
analytical Essay
1699 words
In the past few years, the news media has become more competitive, more extensive, and more globalized than ever before. Reporting occurs in near real time from almost any location to the consumer’s television or computer screen. With so many news agencies now vying for precious minutes of a consumer’s time, it is common for a story to undergo slight alterations that make it more emotional or sensational. Several consequent transformations of the same story can lead to extreme misreporting on the actual content, and oftentimes it is difficult to ascertain what the original story was without looking at multiple versions from different sources. The purpose of this paper is to trace the development of a news story across a 24-hour period, specifically the announcement that the EU would attempt to bail Greece out of its massive debt to prevent a total financial meltdown in Europe. The story spreads throughout the world in a matter of minutes, but the real differences lie in what each outlet decides to emphasize or let fade into the background.
The criteria to evaluate each news story are common to most all articles and other news media. They include an assessment of what points possess eyewitness or other reliable testimony and which are lacking such substantiation, an evaluation of the reliability of the sources of the supporting testimonies, and some measure of the quality of the evidence presented. Other helpful criteria include whether or not the reporter makes their fact-finding process transparent, the extensiveness of their coverage of the subject, the fairness of the story in representing both sides of the issue, and whether or not the reporter places the story in context. These criteria can be used to evaluate the q...
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...times.com/2010/02/16/world/europe/ 16germany.html
Schlesinger, J. (2010, February 11). European Union Throws a Big Fat Greek Bailout. CBS MoneyWatch. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/blogs/2010/02/11/ business/econwatch/entry6197608.shtml
Schultz, T. (2010, February 11). EU Leaders Focus On Stabilizing Greece’s Economy. National Public Radio: Morning Edition. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/ templates/story/story.php?storyId=123595405
Traynor, I. and Wearden, G. (2010, February 11). EU Leaders reach Greek bailout deal. The Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/feb/11/ eu-summit-greece-bailout-imf
White, A. (2010, February 11). Markets wary of vague pledge on Greek bailout. The Independent. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/ europe/markets-wary-of-vague-pledge-on-greek-bailout-1896187.html
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the article in the independent focuses on the economic aspects of the bailout announcement and greece's economy in general.
- Analyzes how the news articles covering the financial bailout of greece by the european union run the gamut from short snippets of information to lengthy, well-researched pieces and entirely unsupported, biased blog posts.
- Analyzes how the news media has become more competitive, more extensive, and more globalized than ever before.
- Analyzes jill schlesinger's informal opinion piece, which argues that the bailout was practically made for the eu because of the grave consequences of allowing a eurozone nation to default.
- Cites kulish, n., schlesinger, j. and traynor, i.
Related
- opinion
- analytical
- explanatory
- America and the Euroopinion essayGros, Daniel. The Euro: Strong economy, weak currency. September 19, 2000. Available: http://www.ceps.be/Commentary/September%2000/gros.htm (February 3, 2001)
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the 1992 maastricht treaty made it constitutionally possible to achieve economic and monetary union (emu) and developed the union's inherent political dimension through the new common foreign and security policy.
- Explains that the european union is a unique, treaty-based, institutional framework that defines and manages economic and political cooperation among its fifteen european member countries.
- Explains that denmark, scotland, and the uk became full members of the eec in 1973, greece was admitted without complication in 1981, spain and portugal in 1986, austria, finland and sweden united with the member countries in 1995.
- Explains that denmark, sweden, and the united kingdom have the opportunity to be linked to the euro under the new exchange rate mechanism (erm).
- Opines that the u.s. must adapt to the introduction of the euro, but its adjustment is minor in comparison with the changes and challenges facing emu member states.
- Explains that us companies exporting to europe have enormous potential benefits, but there are both advantages and disadvantages for american companies doing business with the euro.
- Explains ambassador hugo paemen, the european union and the united states in the new millennium.
- Explains that america's fortunes remain fundamentally linked to europe. the launch of the economic and monetary union (emu) is part of a broader process of european integration.
- Explains that the european union is the latest stage in a process of integration begun in the 1950's by six countries - france, germany, italy, the netherlands, belgium and luxembourg.
- Explains the governing system of the european union, which is based on international treaties among sovereign nations rather than a constitution.
- Explains that the european council adopted the name "euro" in madrid in december 1995. the symbol for the euro is an e with two clearly marked, horizontal parallel lines across it.
- Explains that a three-stage process was launched in 1990 as eu member states prepared for the single market aimed at boosting cross-border business activity.
- Explains that the second stage set up the european monetary institute (emi) in frankfurt to pave the way for the ecb. the third stage begins the final transition to full economic
- Explains that the euro became the single currency for eleven eu member states from january 1, 1999 to december 1, 2001.
- Explains that the euro will change the financial landscape by eliminating the currency risk that led banks and investors to keep most of their money at home. the large euro zone will integrate the national financial markets, leading to higher efficiency in the allocation of capital in europe.
- Opines that a transparent market allows everything to be appraised in the single currency, eliminating exchange risk among participating countries.
- Argues that the benefits of reduced transaction costs, exchange rate instability, and greater price transparency outweigh the losses from introducing the new currency and possible macroeconomic adjustment costs.
- Analyzes how peter gwin's article entitled americans in euroland emphasizes this advantage.
- Explains that the single currency will make it easier to do business in europe, but us companies still find many obstacles. the dollar is the world's premier medium of illicit exchange.
- Explains why the euro's weakness is due to the absence of structural reforms in the u.s.
- Opines that the eu and the u.s. can provide the leadership needed to address global and regional challenges in an increasingly interdependent world.
- Explains the european central bank's euro foreign exchange reference rates, which was published on march 14, 2001.
3480 wordsRead More - The Economic Crisis in Greeceanalytical essayThe Greek economy has seen a large collapse following the recent worldwide recession. The European Union has expressed concerns for the impact that Greece’s economic collapse will negatively affect other member nations. Greece and the European Union are working to reduce the Greek deficit and to contain the economic crisis to Greece.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that europe must prevent greece from becoming an out-and-out catastrophe and make sure that the same fiscal'remedy' is not applied to other weak economies.
- Explains that the greek economy has seen a large collapse following the recent worldwide recession. the european union has expressed concerns for the impact that greece’s economic collapse will negatively affect other member nations.
- Explains that a country must meet the copenhagen criteria for membership in the european union, including geographic, democratic, and economic criteria.
- Explains that greece applied to the european union in 1785 hoping for integration as a full member.
- Explains that greece was given large amounts of money by the eu to reform its economy so it could become a productive member of the european community.
- Explains that lehman brothers' collapse led to billions of dollars of losses to corporations around the globe. other banks such as agi failed, starting a downward spiral for the united states economy.
- Explains that greece's economic disaster was caused by overspending and weak loans. tourism alone made up 15% of the greek economy, making it vulnerable to global economic collapse.
- Describes greece's austerity program, which included decreasing government spending, reducing the size of the public sector, tax cuts, improving existing social services and improving the economy through infrastructure reforms.
- Explains that greece's crisis has frightened many countries in the eurozone, since all 16 nations adopted the euro have highly interconnected and inter-dependant economies.
- Explains that the collapse of the greek market shocked investors throughout the world. many fear that similar economic chrysies will hit spain, portugal and ireland, who also currently have dangerously high national debts.
- Explains that the eu is trying hard to get greece out of its economic crisis and to restore confidence in the european economy.
- Opines that greece's economic failure and the impending fall of the irish, portuguese, and spanish economies may cause the euro to collapse.
- Explains that greece may have to leave the euro to keep itself from drowning further in debt. the high interest rates mean that it almost certainly cannot recover on its own unless drastic measures are taken.
- Explains that europe is struggling to contain the economic troubles of greece, and warns that the restructuring would affect the credit rating of other european nations.
- Analyzes how the value of the euro has dropped amid the chrysies in greece, ireland and portugal. with no central bank in the eu, countries were forced to rely on private banks.
- Explains that greece's protests began in lieu of the proposed austerity measures, and the riots in athens and thessaloniki were coordinated via social networks like facebook.
- Describes the 2010–2011 greek protests on wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
- Introduces central intelligence agency's "cia - the world factbook" at http://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html
- Explains wikipedia's "copenhagen criteria." wikimedia foundation inc., 26 apr. 2011.
- Analyzes crumley's "greek financial crisis: will it lead to demise of euro? - time."
- Explains wikipedia's "economy of greece." wikimedia foundation inc, 29 may 2011.
- Explains wikipedia's "economy of greece." wikimedia foundation inc, 29 may 2011.
- Analyzes the european economic crisis, issues & controversies, facts on file news services, 7 june 2010.
- Explains that geoffrey t. smith, and william horobin, "europe battles to contain greek crisis."
- Explains the course of greece in the european union. greece ministry of foreign affairs, 2011.
- Analyzes mark weisbrot's article, "greece and the euro." international herald tribune, 11 may 2011.
- Explains cnn.com's coverage of the greek financial crisis, including breaking news, weather, entertainment, and video news.
- Analyzes waggoner's article, "euro loses value despite pledges of aid for greece."
- Analyzes walker, bruce, "euro likely to keep losing value." the new american magazine, 7 july 2010.
- Explains that greece: why did its economy fall so hard?
- Describes the eu requirements that countries must meet to become eu members.
2881 wordsRead More - Greece: An Economy in Crisisopinion essayIn this paper I will be discussing some causes of the problems with Greece’s economy that has lead it to where it is today. I will also be discussing some austerities being put in place to try to resolve these issues and why they are necessary to help Greece become prosperous again.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that they will be discussing some causes of the problems with greece's economy that have led it to where it is today, and some austerities being put in place to try to resolve these issues.
- Explains that greece's economic practices have brought the country on the brink of being bankrupt. many feel their economy can be turned around by putting various austerities and reforms in place.
- Describes the short-run solutions to the crisis faced by greece.
- Explains the difference between debt and deficit. a deficit is when the amounts of money a government takes in (revenue) is less than the amount the government spends each year (expense).
- Explains that greece was basically breaking even for 10 years, operating with almost no deficit or surplus. in the 1980's, the deficit remained at high levels, leading to a substantial increase in greece’s debt.
- Explains that greece spent more on consumption and less on investment into things like infrastructure. the government spent the majority of the money it borrowed on increasing wages in the public sector instead of production.
- Explains that greece's external debt (debt owed to foreigners) makes up the bulk of their overall debt and is approximately twenty times their annual budget for education.
- Opines that greece should reduce its deficit and not create a new debt burden each year. a negative or even zero deficit would help, since debt is not as important as debt in relation to gdp.
- Opines that greece can improve its gdp by creating a competitive market and repaying its external debts by exporting more than it imports.
- Opines that greece's lack of competition, high debt, and high deficit is a big problem. the government must also include austerity measures like tax increases and cuts in public wages.
- Opines that greece is currently working with the european union and the international monetary fund to implement some of these austerities.
- Explains that greece's expenditures are about the same as the eu average, but their revenue is very low in comparison, due to the inability of the government to collect income tax.
- Opines that combating tax evasion should be a priority for the government.
- Explains that tax evasion hinders the redistribution of money to the lower class, which helps provide services and positive externalities for everyone to enjoy regardless of class.
- Proposes offering incentives to people for paying taxes by auditing people and businesses randomly and profiling suspected evaders. the system can be subject to corruption.
- Opines that the public sector should provide services like education and protection instead of just being a means for employment.
- Explains that greece tests slightly lower than the average of the eu in all areas. education has a direct impact on the economy by adding, or in this case not adding enough, skilled workers which increases competition and productivity.
- Opines that greece could improve on the productivity and efficiency of the public sector by offering incentives based on performance instead of consequences.
- Analyzes how corruption in greece's public sector hampers productivity. in 2009, transparency international ranked greece, bulgaria, and romania as the most corrupt country in the eu.
- Recommends imposing stricter penalties, withholding pensions and incarceration, and offering incentives based on performance to encourage people to work harder.
- Explains the importance of competiveness. competition provides higher paying jobs, lower prices, encourages efficiency, stimulates innovation, and develops new products, technologies and services.
- Opines that greece's economy is heavily regulated and causes major hurdles for competition to thrive. regulations must promote efficiency, entrepreneurship, competition, and investment.
- Analyzes how the policies in place over the last thirty years have really damaged greece and almost bankrupt the country.
- Opines that greece's lack of quality education makes it hard for them to enter the labor force and stifles competition by reducing skilled workers and productivity.
- Cites http://www.voxeu.org/index.php?q=node/5008 and https://eprints.lse.
2288 wordsRead More - The Great Recessionanalytical essayThe European Union recession recovering process started with the forming of the European Financial stability Facility, also known as the EFSC. The EFSC was created on May 2010 by 27 member states of the European Union with the purpose of safeguarding financial stability in Europe. In a CNBC article Mark Koba states the action that the EFSF take to help improve the economic conditions in the Euro Zone: “The EFSF issues bonds or other debt instruments to provide loans to the countries who need them. The loans are guaranteed by other states in the euro zone.” (Koba, CNBC) After a nation apply for a loan the inte...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that in 2008, the world economy started a global economic slowdown, known as the "great recession". the situation is especially severe in the eurozone countries.
- Explains that the european financial stability facility (efsf) was created in may 2010 by 27 member states with the purpose of safeguarding financial stability in europe.
- Argues that a better taxation system allows for higher tax revenue, so the government can afford to cut taxes. tax cuts boost business and reduce unemployment rate.
- Opines that the greece economic crisis is a good lesson on how the government's ideology is different from the one people have can exacerbate the problem.
- Explains krugman, paul. the conscience of a liberal why devalue.
- Analyzes tsafos, nikos, greece's gdp in 2010 and greek default watch.
- Argues that austerity measures are a series of polices designed to reduce government’s budget deficit.
- Analyzes blodget, henry, and daley, suzanne, on greece's aggressive pursuit of tax evaders appears to collect more anger than money.
1180 wordsRead More - European Union Policies and the Czech Republicexplanatory essayWebb, J., Laca, P., Chamonikolas, K., & Skolimowski, P. (2011). Joining the Euro: What's the Hurry?. Bloomberg Businessweek, (4212), 10-14. Retrieved October 11, 2011, from EBSCOhost.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the activities of the european union - economic and monetary affairs.
- Explains that czechoslovakia has gone through two major transformations in less than eleven years.
- Quotes bilefsky, castle, and chamonikolas on the czech government's austerity measures.
- Explains that czechoslovakia's final holdout sends mixed signals on his stance toward the lisbon pact.
- Explains the czech republic's integration into the eu – monetary and economic policy.
2572 wordsRead More - Graduation Speech: Is Ignorance Truly Bliss?opinion essayWould you, want to know how the debt-ridden Greece came to be; How its bankruptcy will soon cause them to leave the Eurozone and set a precedent for other countries to follow in its darkened path, forcing the banks into a deep recession? No, because it simply doesn’t affect us, does it? The people of Greece have decided their fate on their own, avoiding taxes and voting ‘NO’. We have our own currency. We have our own work. We have our own debts; we shouldn’t have to care whatever impoverished country is doing out there.
In this essay, the author
- Asks readers whether ignorance is bliss or if they want to learn the dreary language of france.
- Opines that greece's bankruptcy will cause them to leave the eurozone and set a precedent for other countries to follow in its darkened path.
- Opines that the truth about the isis beheadings is too horrible for anyone to realise.
- Opines that covering truths under a veil of unwillingness and false sincerity will only foster ignorance, trapping us in the vicious cycle of darkness.
- Opines that society is engineered towards advocating ignorance, or rather, wilful ignorance.
- Opines that we are taught not to stand up against the wrong, but to remain oblivious and stifle emotions that may break social barriers and keep the peace.
- Argues that wilful ignorance should never be supported because it is the groundwork on which social issues exist in this world.
- Opines that ignorance is bliss, but knowledge is power, for it grants us the ability to change ourselves and the world.
- Opines that we can stop passiveness and break the void of unenlightenment. we can light the beacon of wisdom and teach young children to be lighthouses for today's tomorrow.
847 wordsRead More - Austerity Ruined Greeceopinion essayThe power players in France and Germany have been putting the pressure on the Greek people, closing banks, cancelling bank cards and manipulating the news to spread fear and chaos. They tried to make the argument, not "yes or no on the austerity agreement" but "yes or no on the Eurozone". They tried everything but in the face of nearly impossible odds, the people still
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the imf and austerity ruined greece. the greek people boldly made what alexis tsipras, the prime minister, called a "bold choice".
- Analyzes how the power players in france and germany have been putting the pressure on the greek people, closing banks, cancelling bank cards, and manipulating the news to spread fear and chaos.
- Analyzes how syriza, the party that took control of the government on 25 january 2015, tried to negotiate with greece's lenders, but the lenders refused to make such concessions.
- Opines that even the international monetary fund has to admit that they have made serious mistakes in handling the crisis in greece.
- Opines that supply-side economics, a theory that austerity borrows extensively from, is known failure. it runs on the idea that empowering the rich and cutting/privatizing vital services to the poor can somehow stimulate the economy.
- Summarizes the results of the greek referendum on austerity and solidarity.
- Opines that the imf 'to admit mistakes' in handling greek debt crisis and bailout.
- Opines that austerity poisons economic growth. in los angeles times.
745 wordsRead More - Transforming Greece's Economyanalytical essayThe global financial crisis hit in October of 2008. The whole world felt its effects, but one country crumbled the hardest and fastest. In 2009, Greece revealed its 300-billion- euro debt and since then, the country has been the financial center of attention as Europeans now hold their breath in anticipation of a default. Greeks, of course, have suffered the most, with unemployment jumping from 9.4% in 2009 to 19.4% in 2012 to over 26% in 2014 (Greece GDP Data & Country Report). Meanwhile, politicians sit idly and argue over irrelevant policies, such as whether or not smoking should be banned in indoor spaces. With all this considered, one can’t help but ask the question that is on everyone’s mind: Can and will the Greek economy be fixed? A shift of the workforce from services to agriculture with the help of corporations, rather than the government, must occur to stimulate the economy. Politicians are not advocating for this change, but the Greek people have decided change must happen and an urban exodus has already begun.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the global financial crisis hit greece in 2008, and argues that a shift of the workforce from services to agriculture with corporations, rather than the government, must occur to stimulate the economy.
- Analyzes how nikos, alexandra, and aristotelis have been working hard in their greenhouses, preparing for their first harvest of snails. they represent the almost 3 million greeks who lost their jobs since 2008.
- Analyzes how the greek government made the wrong decisions to industrialize or expand the already established and profitable agricultural sector.
- Explains that industrial development grew significantly from 1970 until 1975, when it stagnated, and then began to drop in 1990.
- Analyzes how the rapid jump in the natural progression of any economy has caused serious unbalanced development between regions as greeks suddenly abandoned their life in greece and rapidly congregated around athens and thessaloniki.
- Argues that the solution to closing the gap of gdp between regions and raising the country's overall gdp is to produce more goods more efficiently.
- Explains that veolia environnement provides services such as waste management, energy conservation, and water supply to a range of cities and regions.
- Opines that a greek corporation would not be fit to assist the renovation, since big corporations in greece are corrupt. the beer industry is profitable for companies like heineken, which control 72% of the beer market.
- Explains how veolia should pump money into a country whose economy lacks credibility and growth. the world bank advocates for agricultural and rural development.
- Explains that veolia will receive direct returns on its investments, as well as indirect returns, such as the boost in the value of the euro.
- Analyzes the reasons why greeks are moving to the countryside to begin farming. there is little hope left in athens and thessaloniki for growth.
- Explains that greek farmers receive the fifth largest subsidies per square meter in the european union (chrysoloras).
- Argues that glassart, the leading company in multi-functional housing systems, can solve the problem of abandoned homes in rural areas.
- Opines that the shift to agriculture must be seen as an opportunity for the people to take back control of the market by reaping the benefits of what their country has to offer.
- Opines that greece will get eu subsidies of 36.5 bln euros by 2020. deligianni, phd, dr. hariklia.
- Explains that "field listing: land use." the world factbook. central intelligence agency.
- Explains that greece's economy profile 2013 was published by index mundi.
- Explains that land & food security. world bank, 2 oct. 2012. web. 9 may 2014.
- Analyzes how leventis, george e., and moss, paul, "greeks turn to farming as economic crisis bites."
- Narrates thomas, landon, jr.'s "what’s broken in greece? ask an entrepreneur." new york times.
2017 wordsRead More - The Banking Crisis in Cyprusexplanatory essayAlderman, L, & Herszenhorn, M 2013, ‘In Cyprus, A New Plan To End Crisis’, New York Times, Vol. 162. No. 5, pp1-4.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the banking crisis in cyprus resulted in economic instability in the country, which prompted rapid measures by the government, the central bank and the european union in general.
- Explains that the banking sector in cyprus came up with measures which were focused on restoring financial stability. the cbc in liaison with troika assigned the due diligence review to a consulting firm.
- Explains how the central bank of cyprus improved liquidity monitoring by establishing and submitting funding plans for banks borrowings to reflect the expected deleveraging of the sector while at the same time reducing dependency on funding.
- Explains how the supervisory and regulatory framework for coops and banks was improved following the crisis.
- Explains that cyprus' banking crisis negatively affected the economy, but the swift policies introduced by the government, the central bank of cyprus and the eu saved the country from total collapse.
- Explains that the government of cyprus was swift in the introduction of policies that would save the economic situation in cyprus and restore the confidence of investors.
- Explains that fiscal consolidation strategies were intensified as a way of lowering government deficit and eventually achieve budget balance by the year 2016.
- Explains that the european union put in place a number of policies in response to the cyprus financial crisis.
- Explains that the implementation of response policies to the cyprus crisis has a number of effects, such as non-performing loans attained 30 percent of total loans in the month of april, 2013.
- Analyzes the cyprus crisis through the lens of bank investors.
1606 wordsRead More - The Current Conditions Of Greece's Economyexplanatory essayThere are many variables that lead the current condition of Greece’s economy. It would seem that joining the euro allowed Greece, until 2008, to catch up and even surpass its richer Eurozone partners, but these gains have been completely wiped out in the years since. The adoption of the euro gave Greece the advantage in loan rates as well as low rates on the euro bond market. These actions gave Greece a boost in consumer spending which led to great economic growth. Between the years of 1997 and 2007, Greece had an outcome of an average 4% gain in GDP growth. Greece as well as its other European neighbors was hit with the financial crisis and the resulting economic slowdown took a toll on Greece’s growth rate, which dropped to 2% in 2008. In 2009 the recession hit and the economy contracted by 2.4% as a result of the crisis and its effects on credit, world trade, and domestic consumption which is Greece’s main source of growth. High growth and low interest rates were doing a great job of covering up fiscal issues and structural weaknesses that were made worse by the financial crisis a...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the adoption of the euro allowed greece to catch up and surpass its richer eurozone partners, but these gains have been completely wiped out in the years since.
- Explains that the government legislated many of the reforms and brought down the deficit from 15.4% of gdp in 2009 to 10.6% in 2010. a deeper recession led the eurozone leaders to a new plan in october of 2011.
- Explains that the global financial crisis and recession caused an increase in unemployment to 12.5% in 2010 and came up to 20.7% as of march 2012. foreign direct investment inflows to greece dropped.
- Explains that greece's service-based economy includes tourism, food processing, tobacco, textiles, chemicals, telecommunication, and transportation equipment.
580 wordsRead More