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Promoting inclusion in schools
Essay of deaf education
Social perspectives on deafness
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Students With Auditory Challenges and Mainstream Schools
Hearing-impaired and deaf students can better succeed in life when educated in mainstream schools than being segregated in special schools because though they have special needs, they learn to communicate better with hearing individuals and can still attend special programs where teachers with special training can help them in their educational journey.
Heather Whitestone, a deaf ballet dancer from Alabama, became the first Miss America with a disability, and Marlee Matlin fulfilled her dream of becoming a famous actress, despite her hearing disability. While many may look at these women in awe, by today’s standards, they are not handicapped. While they may be auditory challenged, the stereotypic disability label has been removed in lieu of a more descriptive, less demeaning alternative. Further, the way they view themselves and the way the public sees them weighs heavily upon their ability to live in a vociferous world.
For deaf and seriously hearing-impaired children, many issues surface, particularly when considering educational. For many disabled children proper curriculum is not implemented in their education. Johnson has documented that deaf education largely fails, suggesting a lack of linguistic access to curricular content as well as low expectations. He proposes a new model, which encourages the early use of American Sign Language (ASL). Johnson, and other researchers at the Gallaudet Research Institute, insist that ASL will encourage both the ability to develop cognitive skills and improve the child’s chances to learn English (Johnson 45-7).
The proposal includes teaching sign language as the child’s first language and encou...
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Markova, Dawna, PhD. How Your Child is Smart. Berkley: Conari Press, 1992.
Marschark, Marc. Raising and Educating a Deaf Child. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Sawyer, Richard J. and McLaughlin, Margaret J., et al. “Is Integration of Students with Disabilities Happening?” Remedial &
Special Education, 1 July 1994: 204.
Schmetzke, Axel. “Disability-related Resources on the Internet.” Intervention in School& Clinic, 1 Nov. 1996: 69.
Schwartz, Sue, PhD. Choices in Deafness: A Parents Guide. New York: Woodbine House, 1987.
Vaughn, Sharon-Elbaum and Batya, E., et al. “The Effects of Inclusion on the Social Functioning of Students with Learning
Disabilities.” Journal of Learning Disabilities 1 Dec. 1996: 598.
Wilcox, Daryl J. and Wigle, Stanley E. “Mainstreaming Revisited: 20 Years Later.” Education 22 March 1997: 371-81.
In the following chapters, there is an extensive amount of knowledge to learn about how Deaf culture is involved in our modern world. The pages assigned give us an outlook of how Deaf people are treated in our daily life, and how we should learn from it. Its gives a clear line between what are myths and what are facts, to those who are curious about the Deaf community or have specific questions. This book has definitely taught me new things that I could put to good use in the near future. In specific chapters, my mind really opened up to new ideas and made me think hard about questions, like “why don’t some Deaf people trust hearing people,” or “do we need another ‘Deaf president now’ revolution?” I realized many new things in the course of reading this book, and have recommended this to my family.
Just like members of other minorities, such as Hispanics and African-Americans, Deaf people experience some of the same oppression and hardships. Although the attempts to "fix" members of and obliterate the DEAF-WORLD are not as highly publicized as problems with other minorities, they still exist. Throughout time, hearing people have been trying to destroy the DEAF-WORLD with the eugenics movement, the mainstreaming of Deaf children into public hearing schools, and cochlear implants.
The term minority refers to the membership within a cultural minority group, but also encompasses other groups that lack equality, such as people who are Deaf and hard of hearing. Deaf and hard of hearing people are classified as a linguistic and cultural minority because of their inability to hear. Hearing loss may be inherited, or be a result of complications at birth. It may also occur as a result of chronic ear infections and or certain infectious diseases. Hearing loss can also be a natural consequence of aging. As we get older our hearing ability worsens and a common reason is exposure to loud noise. Over 5% of the world’s population – 360 million people – has disabling hearing
3). Through the service of others, servants as leaders create positive changes in the lives of others that lead those served to act more autonomously (Block, Blanchard, Wheatley & Autry, 2006). The goal of a service leader is to help others achieve their highest level of functioning. Those served are then motivated to become service leaders as well (Block, Blanchard, Wheatley & Autry, 2006). Thus, servant leadership focuses on commitment to helping the individual served grow in their abilities. In turn this gives the served individual confidence in their work and personal abilities which then transforms into a desire to help others do the
The disparity between the Deaf and hearing is based around ableism, or a newer notion, Audism. Audism is the notion that those that can hear are superior. (Oberholtzer, 2009) Like most that are viewed as inferior, the Deaf are often looked at as lesser compared to those of the hearing community and labeled as disabled, even if they themselves do not view their deafness as a disability. Many of Deaf community members are able to hear and speak well enough to communicate with hearing people but still chose to identify with the Deaf community rather than in the hearing world. (Harlan, 1996) One’s involvement does not center around their hearing
The Deaf Community is a multitude of communities where people who are deaf and know ASL (American Sign Language) can live together, but do they get the amount of support from other communities that they need?
Can teaching about Deaf culture in schools bridge the gap between both the Deaf and hearing world? (Briefly Explain)
Humphries, Tom. Padden, Carol. Deaf in America (Voices from a Culture). Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Servant Leadership, found in Chapter Ten of the text Leadership: Theory and Practice, is a paradoxical approach to leadership. It begins with the innate desire to serve first, and then lead through servant hood. Servant Leadership, originating in the early 1970s, is similar to the skills and styles approach, focusing on leadership from the leader’s viewpoint and his behavior under the leadership. Under this style of leadership, the leaders are considerate of the followers needs, empathizing with and having compassion for the followers. A servant leader feels a social responsibility to the less privileged and is concerned with inequality among the followers. Through servant leadership, a servant leader will attempt to correct these social injustices and by enabling and empowering the followers while helping the followers in developing valuable personal skills. Servant leaders are ethical, projecting strong moral behavior towards the followers, taking leadership paths that serve the greater good of an organization, the community and even society as a whole.
The movement toward full inclusion of special education students in general education setting has brought special education to a crossroad and stirred considerable debate on its future direction. Proponents of full inclusion argue that the needs of students in general education. Full inclusion is "an approach on which students who are disabled or at risk receive all instruction in a regular classroom setting" (Hardman, Drew, Egan, & Wolf, 1993). Those who are for inclusion claim that segregated programs are detrimental to students and do not meet the original goals for special education(). Recent analysis show a small to moderate beneficial effect of inclusion education on the academic and social outcome of special needs children. Those who support inclusion believe that the child always should begin in the regular environment and only be removed only when appropriate services cannot be provided in the regular classroom. Physical accommodations, sufficient personnel, staff development and technical assistance, and technical collaboration are all brought into the classroom to assist the special needs child in a regular classroom. Another study assessing the effectiveness of inclusion was done at John Hopkins University. In a school-wide restructuring program called, Success for All, student achievement was measured and several positive changes were noticed: a reduced fear of human differences accompanied by increases comfort and awareness, growth in social cognition, improvement in self- concept of non-disabled students, development of personal principles and ability to assume an advocacy role toward their peers and friends with disabilities, and warm and caring friendships. Inclusion is more effective when students with special need are placed in a general education classroom after adequate planning. Inclusion does not mean unilateral changes in student's placements without appropriate preparation.
Though I did not think of the entire answer, I believe that the complete definition of a servant leader was discussed when I participated in an interview with Mrs. Hubner, as I completed my case study on Mrs. Vietti, and as I discussed leadership qualities in my PLC group. During my meeting with Mrs. Hunber, one quality that she discussed that
Levy says deaf activists “Cannot deny that on average, the deaf do much worse than the hearing on... education levels.” Education is a significant factor in Gauvin’s life but, since his disabled, it’s hard for him to get the perfect education as others would. Deaf education might bring challenges like access, interpreting, and lip reading in some cases. The disabled individual has full access to the educational system because of Americans with Disability Act, which provides equal opportunities for the disabled. People like Gauvin sometimes have geographic challenges such as living in small towns and not having access to a lot of deaf schools. Some communities do not have a lot of deaf individuals so a deaf school will not likely be in that neighborhood. Population matters the most because if a lot of deaf people are in a specific town, a deaf school will be a part of it too. In some rural areas, the classes for deaf children are very small compared to hearing students who have the whole school to themselves. There aren’t a lot deaf instructors in some schools because they can’t always be available due to weather conditions and difficulty in transportation between towns. People like Gauvin who are deaf, need interpreters most of the time. Due to small town, it’s hard to find an interpreter in some schools for the disabled students, so they can miss an entire day of learning if an interpreter doesn’t arrive.
Being a leader is treating people the way you want to be treated. Leadership is being the individual you are while working on influencing others. Being a good leader consists of several characteristics. (Hunter, 1998, p. XVII). Some characteristics include empathy, committing to the growth of others, and most of all, being a good listener. Leadership roles aren’t always consisting of individuals at the top of organizations, people aren’t always good leaders, and it’s an influence process. . Hunter (1998) goes into great detail throughout his writing, that the foundation of servant leadership style is not directly based upon power, however more relates to authority. This paper explores the various characteristics of servant
The idea of inclusion within a classroom tends to breed controversy from many people. Currently there is no clear consensus on a definition of inclusion (Heward, 2006). There are many different views on how students with disabilities should be handled. Those views ranged from students being fully included, partially included, or not included at all in mainstream schooling. Different descriptions of inclusion tend to reflect the person's own opinions towards it. People who feel students should not be included in the classroom focus on the negative characteristics of inclusion, such as the challenges of developing plans for students as well as the hard work it requires to incorporate those plans. However, studies show that full inclusion has many benefits to the students, for both students with disabilities as well as students without them. Inclusion has shown to improve the student's social skills, encourage communication, inspire laws and regulations, and improve the overall schooling experience (Gargiulo, 2012). Although it will take longer then some would like or have the patience for, full inclusion can be done in the classroom, with its benefits outweighing the hard work that it requires.
Servant leaders often emulate other leaders that they admire and look to for guidance. Being a good role model also teaches students. Being a leader will require a lot of listening. My followers will look for answers to the questions that they have. Listening and problem solving will be require a large amount of