Different physical structures may be used in stream restoration in order to provide channel stability and in order to provide habitat and other beneficial functions. Some of the typical structures that are used are revetments made of gabions or riprap and woody debris. Each type of structure has benefits and costs that should be considered before installation and some are more appropriate in certain situations than others.
Gabion revetments are used to control stream bank erosion. Gabions are stone filled wire baskets that are placed along stream banks. The typical size of a basked is 3 feet wide by 3 feet tall and the length can vary. They are effective for protecting submerged portions of stream banks. They can be used when the slope cannot be cut back due to buildings or roads. Gabions are freeze and thaw resistant and may not require heavy equipment for installation but they are susceptible to deterioration and can be labor intensive to install (The Ohio Department of Natural Resources).
Riprap revetments can also be used to stabilize stream banks. A riprap revetment is comprised of rocks of varying size and shape placed to protect a stream bank. The rough surface of the rocks allows them to fit together, protecting the bank. The variance in the size and shape of the rocks allows the revetment to absorb the impact of water instead of deflecting the flow of water, which could cause erosion. Riprap revetments may be expensive to put in place and may require heavy machinery to place the rock. Once in place the revetment will provide long term bank protection with relatively low maintenance (The Ohio Department of Natural Resources).
Live fascines can also be used to stabilize banks. The long bundles of live woody vegetation ...
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philosophical rejections of the ground of restoration ecology ever offered. Here, and in a succession of papers defending the original essay, Elliot argued that ecological restoration was akin to art forgery. Just as a copied art work could not reproduce the value of the original, restored nature could not reproduce the value of nature. I reject Elliot's art forgery analogy, and argue that his paper provides grounds for distinguishing between two forms of restoration that must be given separate normative
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