Jalyssa Miramontes
Mrs. Stolo
Honors Bio, Block 7
1 March 2018
Lab Report Introduction
Topic- I will be comparing the different amounts of DNA between a strawberry and a raspberry.
Background- DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. The structure of DNA is a double helix. Both DNA strands are made up of nucleotides, which are made up of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen base. These bases are composed of one of these bases; Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. The phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar are bonded by a strong phosphodiester bond and the nitrogen bases are bonded by weak hydrogen bonds. DNA carries the genetic instructions to all living things. DNA is a molecule that is found in all living things. Almost
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A small scale was used to weigh the strawberry. The weight of the fruit was approximately 20 grams to allow everyone to possibly have the same amount of DNA. I used a Ziploc bag to hold the strawberry and 20 mL of cold water. I mashed the strawberry and cold water together to break apart the cells. I did this softly to make sure denaturing doesn’t occur, then measured the volume of the mashed fruit mix using a graduated cylinder. Using the cylinder made this easier to measure the volume. After measuring the volume I subtracted 20 mL of the volume of the fruit and transferred the mixture back into the bag. I added a drop of Dawn dishwashing soap and 1/4 teaspoon of salt to the bag. This also reduced the strawberry’s cell walls, membranes, and the nuclear membranes. I closed the bag and squished the mixture to briefly mix it. I used a piece of gauze, folded it in half, placed it in a funnel, and used it as a filter. The mixture was filtered in a beaker. Then used 20 mL of ice cold alcohol to pour into the beaker. The alcohol was used to separate the DNA and made it more visible. Lastly, I collected the DNA with a swirling glass stirring rod, patted the DNA dry with a paper towel, and measured the
imported into an aparatus using gel electrophoresis to compare the sample of DNA to other
These six samples (crude -/+, broken -/+, and whole -/+) were spun at 5000 rpm, and the resulting pellets were isolated and resuspended in DNase buffer. The set of suspensions labeled with a (+) was incubated in DNase enzyme for 15 minutes, and afterwards incubated in 15 uL of STOP solution. All six samples were lysed for DNA extraction with DNA extraction buffer, and micro-centrifuged at maximum speed. To precipitate the extracted DNA, the supernatants from each of the six samples were added to their correspondingly labeled micro-centrifuge tubes containing 7% ethanol (Parent et. al, 2008To bind the DNA, the ethanol lysate mixtures were transferred to labeled spin columns and spun for one minute in the micro-centrifuge at maximum speed. To wash the bound DNA, the spin columns were washed and spun three times at maximum speed. In order to elute the bound DNA, the samples were washed in 80 uL of distilled water and spun again for 2 minutes at maximum speed (Parent et. al,
. DNA can be left or collected from the hair, saliva, blood, mucus, semen, urine, fecal matter, and even the bones. DNA analysis has been the most recent technique employed by the forensic science community to identify a suspect or victim since the use of fingerprinting. Moreover, since the introduction of this new technique it has been a large number of individuals released or convicted of crimes based on DNA left at the crime sceneDNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the genetic material found in cells of all living organisms. Human beings contain approximately one trillion cells (Aronson 9). DNA is a long strand in the shape of a double helix made up of small building blocks (Riley). There are four types of building
This Cherokee folktale tells the story of the first man and woman on Earth. They were married and lived happily together for a long time. One day, they quarreled and the woman left. The man followed her to apologize, but the woman walked so fast that he could not catch her. It was then that, seeing his frustration, the Sun decided to help him. In an effort to slow her down, the Sun made different berries appear in front of the woman, but she paid not attention to them. It wasn't until she saw the strawberries that she decided to stop. The husband finally caught up with her and apologize.
DNA is made up of nucleotides, and a strand of DNA is known as a polynucleotide. A nucleotide is made up of three parts: A phosphate (phosphoric acid), a sugar (Deoxyribose in the case of DNA), and an organic nitrogenous base2 of which there are four. The four bases are as followed: Adenine (A), Cytosine
DNA is continuously evolving as it has developed various aspects of illicit cases, as well as playing vital roles in all cellular systems. The discovery of DNA has impacted and will trigger the fuel of new findings later in the future. DNA does not only significantly affect a cell’s function, but it aids the species to develop and reproduce, despite the altering conditions.
DNA analysis is a scientific process among the newest and most sophisicated of techniques used to test for genetic disorders, which involves direct examination of the DNA molecule itself (Lyman, 2014) . Today crime labs use mtDNA analysis. This type of analysis allows smaller degraded pieces of DNA to still be successfully tested (Lyman, 2014) . There are several steps taken when analyzing DNA in forensics. When testing scientists must first isolate the DNA so it is not contaminated and can't be used. Lab technicians the take small pieces of the DNA, conserving as much as they can encase they need to test again. Once testing is done the next step is determining the DNA test results and finally there is the comparison and interpretation of the test results from the unknown and known samples to determ...
Tsou, J. A., Hagen, J. A., Carpenter, C. L., & Laird-Offringa, I. A. (2002, August 05). DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an acclaimed extraordinary discovery that has contributed great benefits in several fields throughout the world. DNA evidence is accounted for in the majority of cases presented in the criminal justice system. It is known as our very own unique genetic fingerprint; “a chromosome molecule which carries genetic coding unique to each person with the only exception of identical twins (that is why it is also called 'DNA fingerprinting ')” (Duhaime, n.d.). DNA is found in the nuclei of cells of nearly all living things.
Investigating the Effect of Sugar Solution on the Weight and Size of Potato Cells Aim: To investigate whether the different concentration of sugar solution will affect the weight and size of the potato cells. General background information: Osmosis is defined as the movement of water or any other solution's molecules from an area in which they are highly concentrated to a region in which they are less concentrated. This movement must take place across a partially permeable membrane such as a cell wall, which lets smaller molecules (E.g. water) through but does not allow larger solute molecules to pass through. The molecules will continue to diffuse until the area in which the molecules are found to reach a state of equilibrium, meaning that the molecules are equally distributed throughout the cell, with no area having a higher or lower concentration than any other hence equal. Hypothesis/prediction: For this particular investigation I believe that the lower the concentration of the sugar solution in the test tube the mass of the potato will be greater and the longer the potato cells will be.
Determining the Concentration of the Cell Sap in Potato Storage Tissue Aim: To determine the concentration of the cell sap in potato storage tissue. By using Osmosis, determine what the sugar concentration of cell sap is. Prediction I predict that the potato segment in the distilled water will definitely gain in weight because the solution outside it has a much higher concentration of water then in the cell sap meaning Osmosis will occur and the potato segment take in water. I predict that 0.2M sugar solution will also gain weight because it still has quite a high concentration of water outside the potato. The potato in the 0.4M solution will gain weight but the potato in the 0.6M and 0.8M solutions will lose weight.
As seen on many crime shows and at real-life crime scenes, it is necessary to be able to identify DNA. Most of the time, this is done using a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a method used to separate the macromolecules that make up nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, along with proteins. Gel electrophoresis is significant because it has given scientists insight on what cells cause certain diseases and has led to advancements in DNA and fingerprint identification. My experiment will use gel electrophoresis to compare samples of natural and synthetic food dyes. The background for this experiment broaches the following subjects: inventors, real-world uses, necessary components, separation, and information on food dyes.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a self-replicating molecule or material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent in chromosomes. It encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses. Simply put, DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. The discovery and use of DNA has seen many changes and made great progress over many years. James Watson was a pioneer molecular biologist who is credited, along with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, with discovering the double helix structure of the DNA molecule. The three won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1962 for their work (Bagley, 2013). Scientist use the term “double helix” to describe DNA’s winding, two-stranded chemical structure. This shape looks much like a twisted ladder and gives the DNA the power to pass along biological instructions with great precision.
Ingmar Bergman’s Wild Strawberries, while released in 1957, embodies a refreshingly progressive perspective in its portrayal of women. Undoubtedly, Wild Strawberries is Isak Borg’s journey, both literal and spiritual, of realization, recollection, and redemption. However, its female characters, namely Marianne and the Sarahs of both generations, play an integral part in Isak’s transformation. Other movies we viewed from this era, specifically Au Hasard Balthazar and La Strada, tended towards victimization of female characters, from sexual assault to unhealthy dependencies. However, Wild Strawberries shies away simultaneously from those trope and the feminist stereotype of bra-burning, man-hating liberationism. Marianne, in particular, functions
AIM - To analyse some fruit and vegetable juices for the contents present in them. APPARATUS - Test tubes, burner, litmus paper, beaker, tripod stand, conical flasks, burette, pipette. CHEMICALS REQUIRED - 1. Fehling's solution A 2. Fehling's solution B 3.