The theme of these two papers is water management, and each presents different aspects of this issue. The paper by Fratini, Elle, Jensen, and Mikkelsen (2012), presents a case for developing a new system to implement sustainable technology to combat climate change. This system includes examining macro knowledge first through understanding institutions, secondly understanding the meso level of knowledge by interpreting networks, and finally understanding the micro level of individual opinions. This theory was mainly formed through reviewing current literature and doing filed work in Denmark and Norway. The second paper by Barbosa, Fernandes, and David (2012), mainly focuses on the complexities of stormwater management and presents various solutions …show more content…
This complements the findings of the other paper, as it too advocated for a multifaceted approach to stormwater policy. Both sets of authors believe that there is a need for integration of not only science and policy making, but also different fields that contribute to stormwater management (Barbosa, Fernandes, & David, 2012). The articles have a common element as neither specifically focuses on a particular case study, allowing them to make conclusions drawn from many examples. This aids in making theories more applicable to many different situations. The articles differ in the theories that they present, as Barbosa, Fernandes, and David indicate that stormwater management should be through different water treatment strategies, whereas Fratini et al uses the approach of creating a system based on incorporating various levels of opinion on how stormwater should be managed. Both of these approaches have strengths and weakness, which will be assessed in the following sections. The assumptions made by Barbosa, Fernandes, and David are not about how the system should work, unlike Fratini et al, rather it speaks to how it currently works. In this analysis, however, Barbosa, Fernandes, and David do not acknowledge the role of public participation in stormwater planning. While it does show …show more content…
The theoretical framework that they present aims to address this issue by incorporating various levels of knowledge that they refer to as macro, meso and micro (Fratini et al, 2012). On the surface, this system appears to be able incorporate the knowledge of man parties by ensuring that they will have a chance to voice opinions at a particular level of idea development (Fratini et al, 2012). However, by using an ordered system where the macro level is understood first and then the micro level last, it appears to make the macro level the most important. Additionally, using this system may only work well if officials could be truly objective. If there is ever conflicting opinions on stormwater best practices management, the officials who are implementing this system may be more inclined to agree with discoveries produced by macro analysis since these analyses may be what the researchers were led to initially believe. A different problem with this approach is that it relies on officials or researchers to both produce a large amount of data and then analyses it to determine the optimal solution (Fratini et al, 2012). This is reminiscent of the rational systems theory, which too assumes that officials, in that case
"Water Pollution." Current Issues: Macmillan Social Science Library. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 5 May 2014.
What we have seen in late January has proved that the city of Phoenix needs one more water treatment facility. The tax revenue that will be lost if a water crisis every happen again will pay for the building of the new facility. The water department has known of this problem for years but has chosen not to rectify the hazard. City officials chalked up the high levels of sediment in the water to Mother Nature, but they acknowledge that a series of decisions by water officials could have worsened the problem. (Villa, Fehr-Snyder, 1) The water department knew and Frank Fairbanks knew that maintenance was required on rotating bases, on each facility and chooses to take two offline during the “winter” or “rainy months”.
Water is a quintessential element of all life on Earth. Of all the water on Earth, about three percent is fresh and can be used immediately for human consumption. Perth’s climate is drying, yet Western Australia is still consuming relatively high amounts of water. This problem of high consumption of water in a drying climate is far from straightforward There are many elements contributing to water consumption in Western Australia. Broadly, these factors fall under the three pillars of sustainability: social, economic and environmental. Each of these pillars are made up of many components, and all those components are intricately and numerously linked. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Using Systems Analysis to examine the interlinked factors of water consumption in Perth and Western Australia is a good way to uncover hidden root causes of the issue of water consumption in WA and start to apply leverage in the most serviceable places.
First of all, governments are intended to serve the people, where businesses intend to make profit. Water treated as a commodity will never be economically fair because of the way businesses work. Water doesn't r...
The Mexican government has been ineffective in addressing the ecological issues associated with the water shortages in Mexico City because of its institutional fragmentation. Currently, forty-five percent of the water used in the greater Mexico City is supplied by over-exploiting the aquifer because the current water extraction rate from the aquifer is one hundred and eighty-four percent greater than the sustainable level. (Pina, 2011 ) Since Mexico City receives seventy percent of its water from the aquifer, its depletion poses a significant problem to the government of Mexico and its people. (Pina, 2011 ) In Mexico City, the federal, regional and local government levels all play a part in determining water management policies. While the local government of Mexico City sh...
Non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) have played a significant role in establishing grassroots methods of environmental protection while incorporating citizen involvement. The most prevalent types of NGO’s in the United States are ones that rally public opinion and advocate legislative and/or social change. Among these are the various Public Interest Groups (PIRG’s), the Sierra Club, the Environmental Defense Fund, and Greenpeace. Public education and involvement are seminal components to the success of these organizations. Hence, the application of NGO’s to other issues might prove successful in advocating and implementing change while bettering the community that they inhabit. Such is the case with the relatively newly established watershed management associations in New Jersey. These organizations employ grassroots tactics to increase community education and establish stronger environmental protection. Thus I assert that inter-municipal (and inter-state as we will see later) watershed management, through the use of non-governmental organization, has the ability to have a profound impact on how natural resources are managed and subsequently on how an area is developed. This is extremely valuable to a state like New Jersey, where uncoordinated development has led to a sprawling landscape causing fragmentation of natural features and severe depletion of water quality. Furthermore, in the large bureaucratic system of development that dominates New Jersey, this NGO method of watershed management is a qualitative and creative way to promote democracy, public education, and public participation.
One primary audience member is Mr. Michael Carmichael, a storm water management and maintenance inspector within the campus facilities management office. Mr. Carmichael has the responsibility of inspecting and evaluating the state of storm water management practices that are in use on campus. It is important to address Mr. Carmichael because he will have the experience needed to identify how drainage problems being presented should be addressed. He will be able to understand the urgency behind the storm water drainage problems presented in this proposal and will also have the influence necessary to speak to others within the Facilities Management department in order to put them into action. Due to his experience, it is likely best to use technical terms when describing the problems with the sites on campus and how I plan to address them. I will also need to demonstrate that I understand the full range of effects that each of my ideas can have on the entire campus environment.
The philosophical orientation underpinning this proposal study is pragmatic paradigms. Given the apparent impacts of climate change, a cost benefit analysis monetizes input variables so that planners can systematically rank available alternative interventions. This model is scalable and can contextualize the unique needs and available resources of each city to generate relevant results. A cost benefit analysis can be adapted to deal with uncertainty, which is crucial as the causes and impacts of climate change are still being studied. For over one hundred years, this assessment model has been used by all levels of governments around the world to allocate public resources, demonstrating the usefulness of this pragmatic tool in action-based decision making.
The aspects of the risk management model that the AA partners incorrectly considered are risk identification, qualitative risk analysis, risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control.
The urbanization process in Tabor sub city Hawassa will bring about adverse effects in urban storm drainage infrastructure management. The current administrative structure of the city of Hawassa is that it is divided into eight sub-cities. The study will focus on the evaluation of urban storm drainage management and detailed discussion on the urban drainage management, operation and maintenance in the specified area of study.
Pahl-Wostl, C., Holtz, G., Kastens, B., & Knieper, C. (2010). Analyzing complex water governance regimes: the Management and Transition Framework. Environmental Science & Policy, 13(7), 571-581. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2010.08.006
Water is essential for humanity’s survival, and even though the world is largely covered by water, only a small percentage is only usable for human consumption. Approximately, on average, 120,000 gallons of water are used annually for a single-family household (Galbraith). This alarming number could be reduced dramatically for the efforts of water conserving and lower water bill prices for families and subsequently saving money that could be used for other expenses. Thus, conserving water would prove beneficial and advantageous to not just Texas, but for everyone else as well. Although environmental policies have been not as popular with Congress and the state legislature, it is still an important problem to consider since there are only a limited amount of resources for public use, such as water.
WaterAid (2008).Why did City Water fail: The rise and fall of Private Sector Participation in Dar es Salaam’s Water Supply, www.wateraid.org /Accessed on Wednesday 17th December 2014.
One main causes of water scarcity is water mismanagement worldwide. Water mismanagement has become a crisis of governance that will impact heavily ...
Within these catchments, a system of Strategic Adaptive Management (SAM) should be proposed, in recognition of the fact that the methods for decision-making with regards to water resource allocation and management and the implications of these decisions, are still to be tested. Adaptive management also lends itself to development of creative strategies for achieving the national policy objectives. Within each catchment, the intention is for the CMA to be involved in the development of a catchment vision and the implementation of the measures described above, as well as the development of a Catchment Management Plan and issuing of licences for water