Stomach Stapling: Surgical Treatment For Obesity
In today's society there is an increasing number of obese people despite the growing concerns about leading a healthy lifestyle. There are numerous programs, diets, medications, etc. that have been developed to aid weight loss efforts and weight maintenance. One field that is being rapidly explored is methods of surgical treatment for obesity. This paper will explore these surgical methods. In doing so it is important to also discuss the definition and measurement of obesity, programs that have been established and claim to aid weight loss efforts, candidates for this type of treatment, medical research that has been conducted and the risks involved in this type of treatment for obesity. The purpose of this paper is to correctly inform the reader about the claims of surgical treatment and the risks that are actually involved.
Obesity: Definition and Measurement
The term obesity is quite difficult to define for the mere fact that humans are highly individualistic and vary in weight and height. Therefore, a standardized definition of obesity is not inclusive. One definition of obesity is "a clinical term for excess body weight generally applied to persons who are 20% or more above a desired weight for height" (Williams, 1992, p.221). Another way to define obesity is simply as an "excess accumulation of body fat" (Perri, Nezu and Viegener, 1992, p.23); however, this definition seems to be simplistic because it does not explicitly determine what the percentage overweight should be in order to define a person as obese. Because there is no standard body weight, overweight is often measured by body mass index (BMI). Body mass index is calculated as follows: BMI=weight(in k...
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...H Consensus Statement 1991, March 25-27; 9(1):1-20.
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Perri, Michael G., Nezu, A.M., and Viegener, B.J. (1992). Improving the Long Term Management of Obesity. New York: Wiley.
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Williams, Sue R. (1992). Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc.
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McKenna, John J. ANQ. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Vol. 11 of Roethke's Revisions and the Tone of `My Papa's Waltz.'. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. .
Obesity remains an extremely serious issue worldwide. Once considered a problem for wealthier counties, overweight and obesity are now dramatically increasing in low and middle income countries (WHO, 2011). In American, the rates of obesity continue to soar. CDC (2009) recognizes obesity as a risk factor for diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and other health problems. According to NHANES over two-thirds of the US are overweight or obese, and over one-third are obese (CDC, 2009). Treatment for this illness varies; it may include the incorporation of diet, exercise, behavior modification, medication, and surgery. Since there is no single cause of all overweight and obesity, there is no single way to prevent or treat overweight and obesity that will help everyone (CDC, 2009).
Obesity has affected the world in many ways: task forces have been formed to address the issue, people are suffering from health problems due to obesity, and others suffer from psychological and social issues. Nearly two-thirds of the United States population is overweight. There are several ways to determine if a person is obese or overweight. Experts say that a person’s body mass index is the best way to determine an adult’s weight in relation to their height. A BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 is considered normal, adults with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 are considered overweight.
Roethke, Theodore. "My Papa’s Waltz." The Norton Introduction to Literature. 6th ed. Ed. Carl E. Bain, et al. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1995. 769
Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His parents, who were actors, died when Poe was a small child. Poe was then adopted and raised by John Allan, a tobacco exporter, and Frances Allan in Richmond, Virginia (Magill, 1640). Poe was sent to the best schools because of Allan’s job. When Poe was six years old he was sent to private school. Poe kept studying and went to the University of Virginia for one year. After one year in the University Poe quit school because Allan refused to pay his debts, and he did not have money to pay for Poe’s education. Later, Poe left Boston in 1827 where he enlisted in the army. Poe served two years in the military after he quit school. After two years in the military Poe was dismissed for neglect of duty. His foster father then disowned him permanently. He stayed very little time there because Allan, once again, refused to send Poe any money. (Hoffman, Daniel)
Once he returned to America, he enrolled at the University of Virginia to study languages. Sadly, his life started to take a turn for the worst again. Poe soon began to drink heavily and gamble. Poe dropped out from the university once his debt became too large and damaged his relationship with his godfather Allan because he refused to repay his debts for him. Allan and Poe endured many quarrels over his debts. It was finally concluded that it would be best for Poe to join the military. While in the military, Poe published his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems. He returned to Virginia in 1829 when he found out Frances Allan passed away from tuberculosis. Poe also published his second poetry collection Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems during this
...erstanding the diversity of individuals. With considering obesity as a disability, it may be inappropriate in circumstances where some are still able to function at an acceptable level but it may be appropriate in cases where they are unable to cope. This is establishing the transition point where obesity does in fact cause significant disability. The aim of the healthcare team should be to prevent the development of these impairments caused by the obesity by trying to avoid further deterioration in the patient’s health. This will mean trying to ensure that individuals prone to excessive weight gain are educated and supported in ordered to avoid them becoming obese. This can be done through motivational interviewing and appropriate education along with the right resources available and will result is some individuals not progressing to the stage of becoming disable.
"Treating Obesity Vital For Public Health, Physicians Say." Science Daily. 2006. Web. 10 May 2014. .
Obesity in America is a very serious problem affecting many Americans currently and is a problem that continues to grow each year. “Over the past 40 years, the prevalence of obesity has more than doubled in the United States” (Wimalawansa). This issue is known to many but believed not be an issue to care much about but this is not true. Obesity in America affects everyone regardless if they are obese or not. In order to resolve the problem, we can slaughter all the adults that are currently obese in America.
Marriage and love, now days it is true that you'll find a couple who had fell in love and that had made it throughout. marriage is more than a couple who are dedicated its showing responsibility and shows they will be there for eachother. I can personally relate to this by me and my girlfriend have been dating for a while and we still fight a lot but we get over it and we broke but got back, i don't see myself ready yet to tackle this big factor in my life or not just yet or anytime soon, maybe once im done with school and get a job in my career when i'm more stable rather as now when say i end up with a kid at this age at nineteen and no job just working on cars for side job.From when girls are small they are told that marriage is the goal and once there married they will have to be ready to do chores and cook, clean and, take care of the household. Emma Goldman shows, that marriage is like an institution that takes through a struggle of life anf that changes the imagination and if they can maneuver that they are ideal
Liposuction is also known as lipoplasty and liposculpture and is the most popular form of cosmetic surgery performed in the United States. Liposuction has been a means of contouring the body in one or more areas for the past twenty years. This surgery is mostly performed on women, but among men and older people, the surgery has become more popular. Also, this surgery has been classified as the rich person’s surgery (Pavlovich-Danis, 2001, p. 1). Liposuction begins by the surgeon making tiny incisions throughout the areas where the liposuction is going to be performed. Then the surgeon takes the cannula, narrow tube, and vacuums out the fat layer deep beneath the skin. The cannula then breaks up the fat cells by being pulled continuously back and forth throughout the skin. The broken up pieces of fat are then suctioned up by the cannula. The fat that is taken out is replaced by fluid, so that the patient does not go into shock ("New Image," 2001, p.2). Even after this surgery, the results are not guaranteed.
Obesity in the United States continues growing alarmingly. Approximately 66 % of adults and 33 % of children and teenagers in the US are overweight. Obesity is the result of fat accumulated over time due to the lack of a balanced diet and exercise. An adult with a BMI (body mass index) higher than thirty percent is considered obese (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011, pg. 271).
The official definition of obesity, is having a BMI of greater than 29.9. (Obesity and overweight). For example for a 5’10” male, a weight of 160lbs would yield a BMI of 23.0. Perfectly within the BMI range of healthy weight, 18.5- 24.9. But if that 5’10” male weighed say 230lbs, they would have a BMI of 33.0, and would be considered Obese.
The EIA Directive aims to be integrative of all interested actors and to make a wide range of projects sustainable, in order to protect the environment, enhance the quality of life and reduce any friction between planners, developers and local communities [European Union (EU), 2009]. It is a process constituted by different stages from screening to evaluating and monitoring the impacts of the project implemented (Wood, 2003).
Obesity is a common condition that affects thousands around the world. Its causes may vary from simply eating too much to not getting the exercise needed to attempting to quit smoking. Treatment of this condition may be as simple as getting the right diet or exercise, or a planned schedule from one’s physician. Obesity may be heredity or may be a result of any of the above mentioned causes. It is a serious matter to be dealt with yet may be treated easily.