Mr. Atkinson is on trial for criminal negligence because his company’s steam boiler exploded. A steam boiler is referred as a closed container in which it converts water that is heated into a steam at required pressure. Mr. Atkinson’s job was to monitor the pressure in the boiler to make sure that it does not go above the safe limit. All gauges were tested and found to be functional during the investigation following the explosion. What components makes the explosion possible if it shows that the pressure before the explosion does not go above the safe limit? The main objective of this study is to determine the reason behind the explosion of the steam boiler. It also helps in verifying Mr. Atkinson’s position and shortcomings during the incident …show more content…
Atkinsons’ mistake is he do not have enough knowledge that it also have a standard temperature that should be used as the steam boiler works. He only knows that he should not exceed the safe limit of pressure, which he follows, unfortunately every component (pressure, temperature) should be in control. In this situation, it happens that the steam boiler overheats that make it explodes. Overheating is when a device or machine generates heat more than it is designed to handle. As Mr. Atkinson checks the pressure and temperature and fell asleep afterwards the explosion happens. Although he checks it before he sleep, his mistake is not making sure that everything is in control during he sleeps. Another evident information to explain the explosion is the volume of the water in the steam boiler. It is given that the specific volumes measures 0.037 m3 which increases the volume up to 1600 times when the water turns into steam that makes the final volume equals to 59.2 m3. According to some research, one thing that makes the boiler explosive is having the volume increase to 1600 as it turns into steam. At this case, there is no mistake both for pressure and volume because it meets the limit before the boiler is said to be dangerous or
The worker alleges that he suffered a stroke due to the pressures experienced at work, including negotiating tensions between managerial staff and other employees, increasing volume of demands due to a MYOB file being corrupted and policies and procedures requiring being written, implemented, and presented, as well as material changes to his role. The worker's case is that the stress contributed in a material way to the occurrence of the stroke such as to make it compensable pursuant to section 7 of the RTW Act.
estimate how much pressure boilers could withstand. They didn't always estimate correctly, as explosions were common. It was expensive to build and maintain the nineteenth century steamboats.
The need for an investigation was starting to be recognized. The hazards to life because of fire are: covering fire prevention, arrangement of machinery, fire drills, inadequate fire-escapes and exits, number of persons employed in factories and lofts, etc. Some of the dangers to life and health because of unsanitary conditions are: ventilation, lighting and heating arrangement, hours of labor, etc. There was no insulation in the winter, only a pot-bellied stove in the middle of the factory. In the summer you suffocated with practicall...
Patricia Mullins and Leta Farley, two of the employees injured in the blast, filed a $60 million lawsuit against multiple companies whom they blamed for the explosion, including Appalachian Heating LLC, ThompsonGas Propane Partners LLC, Ferrellgas Inc., BP America Inc., Little General Store, Inc. and Godfather’s Pizza Inc. In addition to this lawsuit, the numerous safety recommendations made by the U.S. Chemical Safety Board were adopted. The recommendations include the improvement of training requirements for technicians and the improvement of emergency response actions from on-scene technicians and 911 operators.
Sometimes a chain would break on one of the machines, dynamite would accidentally explode, shouting and yelling would occur,and there have even been reports of people dying in the factories. Although this is a big problem, it was mostly just caused by the working laws at the time. Back then, it was perfectly legal to work 12 hours straight, so around ending time, the workers would be so exhausted that there would be accidents. In the passage it states “"They wipe a man out here every little while," a worker said in 1893. "Sometimes a chain breaks, and a ladle tips over, and the iron explodes.... Sometimes the slag falls on the workmen.... Of course, if everything is working all smooth and a man watches out, why, all right! But you take it after they've been on duty twelve hours without sleep, and running like hell, everybody tired and loggy, and it's a different
The first human factors problem I identify is the sparking electric night-light. It is the cause of the fire and thus it is definitely had the design problem from the aspect of human factor. Next is the design of installation of steel security bars at each and every window. Although the design of the steel security bars is to protect the residents of the house, it has a fatal disadvantage which is limited the escape action of the residents. The case study proposed a solution to it which is panic hardware. However, the house only installed one set of panic hardware and this indicated another human factor problem that occurred in setting up the security system of the house. Moreover, the one and only set of panic hardware in the house was required to be stomp harder for activation. This reflected poor human factor design of the panic hardware.
His notorious “incendiary paint theory” (IPT), which was the star of the PBS documentary Secrets of the Dead: What Happened to the Hindenburg?, has a large array of deficiencies. Dr. Alexander J. Dessler of Arizona University wrote an individual 21-page paper, titled The Hindenburg Fire: Fatal Flaws in the Addison Bain Incendiary-Paint Theory, and a collaborative follow-up piece named The Hindenburg Fire: Hydrogen or Incendiary Paint?, addressing the precise dilemmas encountered with Bain’s theory. For example, Bain used the continuous electric current of a Jacob’s Ladder to light a fabric sample of the Hindenburg during his initial experiment –– and thus provided a stimulus not synonymous to the atmospheric conditions during the time of the real incident. Bain’s theory was also bashed on the season-opening 70th episode of the hit television series MythBusters. The details of how the IPT is inaccurate are important, but the more crucial point is that the IPT has been proven faulty. If incendiary paint was officially pegged as the cause of the Hindenburg disaster, then the theory and its appropriate methodology would have to hold despite retesting and duplication of the initial experiment. Yet the IPT has indeed been disproved on multiple occasions since its formulation. So it would be rather erroneous to ever logically accept that the IPT is a
Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to isolate eugenol or clove oil from cloves using steam distillation and determine whether it is an efficient way to carry out this experiment. Also, TLC and 1H NMR were preformed to analyze the purity of the isolated eugenol.
The Steam Engine “In the never-ending search for energy sources, the invention of the steam engine changed the face of the earth.” (Siegel, Preface) The steam engine was the principal power source during the British Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The steam engine opened a whole new world for everyone. The steam engine maximizes production, efficiency, reliability, minimizes time, the amount of labor, and the usage of animals.
The Industrial revolution took place during the 18th and 19th centuries. It was a time when America switched from a rural society into an urban society. This was a drastic change in many peoples lifestyle. People moved from their farm homelands into cities. The reason for this was because there were many more job opportunities and availability for a better life. Many new inventions were discovered during the Industrial Revolution but it was a dangerous and harmful time with extremely bad working conditions, especially for women and children but helped improve the way the world is today.
An engines horsepower, in its most condensed definition, refers to the amount of horses it would take to perform the same function. At mankind’s present level of dependence on technology such a concept seems absurd, but at the beginning of the 17th century the literal equation of horsepower was used daily, especially in industry. With wind or water as the only alternative power sources, the use of load bearing beasts was inevitable. Wind is inconsistent and unreliable, whereas water was only plausible as a power utility in a fixed, topographically suitable location. Thus, horse power, in its most literal meaning, was a benchmark of 17th century industry. That is, of course, until the birth of an engine engineered to run on steam. The invention and implementation of an efficient steam engine sparked global industrial revolutions that defined economies.
The training facility that Giffels firm was contracted to do civil engineering work for had recently switched from using jet fuel to liquid propane to prevent soil contamination. While this was a solution to environmental concerns it created new problems that Giffels found to be unaddressed with the lack of a design analysis for any safety systems.
Using steaming water to generate motorized movement has its history back from 2,000 years ago. The steam engine is a mechanism that executes motorized exertions by means of heat as its operating fluids. In common procedure, steam engines are the incorporated steam deposits like the transportable engines and railway steam engines, or could denote a mechanism single-handedly, as in stationary and beam steam engines [Benford, et. al, 2005]. Particular mechanisms like steam pile drivers and hammers are reliant on steams provided by disconnected boilers.
A steam engine is an external combustion that converts heat energy, in the form of steam, into mechanical energy. Steam is generated through combustion of a fuel, i.e. Coal, heating a boiler filled with water, which evaporates to produce steam that expands do drive a piston connected to a flywheel in a rotary motion. The flywheel then transmits energy created to a crankshaft which is used to provide power to machines, such as locomotives, fluid pumps, and machine tools. Waste steam is then expelled from the engine through an exhaust, or can be condensed and repurposed in some steam engine designs (Croft and Tangerman, 1939).
A steam turbine's two main parts are the cylinder and the rotor. As the steam passes through the fixed blades or nozzles it expands and its velocity increases. The high-velocity jet of steam strikes the first set of moving blades. The kinetic energy of the steam changes into mechanical energy, causing the shaft to rotate. The steam then enters the next set of fixed blades and strikes the next row of moving blades. As the steam flows through the turbine, its pressure and temperature decreases, while its volume increases. The decrease in pressure and temperature occurs as the steam transmits energy to the shaft and performs work. After passing through the last turbine stage, the steam exhausts into the condenser or process steam system. The kinetic energy of the steam changes into mechanical erringly through the impact (impulse) or reaction of the steam against the blades.