The advancement of medicine for the treatment of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA has changed. Staphylococcus Aureus, S. aureus discovered in Aberdeen, Scotland in 1880 by the surgeon Sir Alexander Ogston in pus from surgical abscesses. Staphylococcus Aureus is a bacteria that is spread throughout the world, from personal items, touching even the slightest thing, being unaware where the bacteria occurs because it cannot be observed by ones naked eye, one reason microscopes were developed. It is a bacterium that covers the skins surface; its habitat is in the nose, mouth and even genitals also known as flesh-eating disease. Newborns, elderly people, and people with immune systems weakened by diseases, such as cancer and aids
Life History and Characteristics: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that is usually found in the nasal passages and on the skin of 15 to 40% of healthy humans, but can also survive in a wide variety of locations in the body. This bacterium is spread from person to person or to fomite by direct contact. Colonies of S. aureus appear in pairs, chains, or clusters. S. aureus is not an organism that is contained to one region of the world and is a universal health concern, specifically in the food handling industries.
Doctor Welton, who was his new doctor and had been seeing him for about two years now said “well I am going to have to evaluate you to get to the real cause of the problem”. Before starting the evaluation John gave doctor Welton all that he had been experiencing up until this point, including the mysteriously painful bump on his knee. After the doctor checked his blood pressure, checked his ears, and throat he did a skin analysis oh John and his knee bump. The doctor said “well John, I believe you have a staph infection”. John asked “what is a staph infection”? Doctor Welton went on to describe it as Staph infection, being a bacteria known medically as Staphylococcus that is present on most human skin. He went on to say that Staph can be activated by minor cuts, abrasions, burns, skin to skin contact with someone who has it, sharing razors, and dirty uniforms of any sort. When he heard dirty uniforms John started to remember that he had forgotten to wash hid football pants for like a week and a half straight and maybe that what caused the staph to to break out how it did. Doctor Walton also explained that staph can become fatal if the bacteria work its way into your joints, bones, heart, or lungs. “The symptoms you told me you were experiencing John” doctor Walton said “are typical of
Staph was discovered in the 1860 by a Scottish surgeon named Sir Alexander Ogston. He worked on wounds and surgery and put carbolic acid on the wound after surgery to keep it getting infected. In the year 1881 there are two kinds of staph infections you can either see yellow grapes or white grapes. In 1941 eighty-one percent of the patients died that year from staph infections and In 1940s the penicillin stopped curing staph infections because it came resistant penicillin. In 1961 MRSA was detected in a British hospital it is a staph infection that no medicine can cure.
Society for Microbiology. (2013, October 24). Copious community-associated MRSA in nursing homes. ScienceDaily. Available at: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131024121800.htm Accessed February 15, 2013
Some call it “horror'; and some call it “the super germ';, but now, our always known “regular'; bacteria, those one-celled creatures once considered under control with antibiotics, have invaded our hospitals and headlines with a vengeance. The vengeance used against us is caused by an existing organism called necrotizing fasciitis, the so-called flesh-eating bacteria, caused by Group A streptococcus. What this organism does is progressively destroy the human body tissue all the way to the bone. This organism has amazingly outsmarted us of even our most potent drugs.
Two recent outbreaks of Golden Staph (S. aureus) have occured that appear unrelated, but were identified as being the same strain of CA-MRSA (Community-Acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
S. aureus is a formidable pathogen that infects nearly every tissue of the human body. S. aureus infections include mild skin and soft tissue infections, as well as serious diseases like sepsis and toxic shock syndrome, which can result in death. The evolution of S. aureus has been seen since it was identified. Initially, S. aureus was treated by the typical antibiotic, penicillin. When penicillin resistant strains were identified in 1959, methicillin was introduced to treat these infections. In 1961 there were reports from the United Kingdom of S. aureus isolates that had acquired resistance to methicillin (methicillin-resistant S. aureus, MRSA) [1], and MRSA isolates were soon recovered from other European countries, and later from Japan, Australia, and the United States. MRSA is now a problem in hospitals worldwide and is increasingly recovered from nursing homes and the community [2, 3]. The methicillin resistance gene (mecA) encodes a methicillin-resistant penicillin-binding protein that is not present in susceptible strains and is believed to have been acquired from a distantly related species [4]. Many MRSA isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics and are susceptible only to glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin and investigational
Staphylococcus aureus, aka, Golden Staph because of its colour on the laboratory plate. It is a bacteria that is normally harmless to the skin, can sometimes cause minor infections and boils etc. This bacteria is slowly becoming more resistant to the most powerful antibiotics. 20 – 40% of all Golden Staph are resistant to the antibiotic. Only 5% of those bacteria can be treated with vancomycin which is the last line of defence and isn’t looking too good anymore. Golden Staph is a type of superbug. Superbugs are strains of bacteria that are resistant to overused antibiotics as they have mutated after being in contact with antibiotics. Therefore the antibiotics can't kill the superbug anymore. Around half antibiotic intake is unnecessary in Australia.
In contrast to the host response, the transcriptional response of S. aureus varied significantly between control and diabetic mice. We observed a significant increase in gene induction associated with translation while decreases in amino acid transport as well as genes of unknown function. This does contrast slightly to a study that examined S. aureus expression in diabetic rats in an endocarditis model, whereby amino acid transport genes were upregulated (66), this just may be reflected of the significantly different infection models. Many of the upregulated genes of S. aureus under diabetic conditions were associated with heat shock and cellular stress, an interesting observation given our host expression data, suggestive the infection site
Resistant strains are no joke, for years my mother has been dealing with MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus). My mother has had MRSA so bad that at one time she was covered in MRSA sores much like when a person breaks out in hives. Watching her suffer the way she has worries me as I am also a healthcare worker and know what these resistant strains are capable of. I know these strains exist because of a lack of proper patient education. Proper patient education is key to the use of antibiotics and prevention of resistance-bacteria strains.
In the documentary, Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria, reporter David Hoffman investigates this new untreatable infection along two individuals and a bacterial virus within a hospital. The first individual Hoffman investigates is Addie Rerecich of Arizona, she was treated for a staph infection with antibiotics, but other complications arise. Addie had a lung transplant, she was given several different antibiotics, but her body became pan-bacteria, non-resistance to the bacteria. Addie’s life was on the edge, she had to be on life support, and finally she received new lungs. The transplant helped Addie but it would take years before could go back to normal before the infection. The second individual is David Ricci; he had his leg amputated in India after a train accident. The antibiotic treatment he received became toxic to his body increasing problems. While in India, he underwent surgery almost every day because of infections he was developing. Back in Seattle, doctors found the NDM-1 resistance gene in his body; NDM-1 gene is resistance to almost all antib...
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA, is a strain of staph infection that is resistant to certain antibiotics. Methicillin is just one of the many antibiotics this particular strain of staph bacteria is immune to. There are two types of MRSA that can infect a person, healthcare-associated and community associated. Although the resiliency of MRSA has made it challenging to defeat, the infection is treatable and avoidable.
The first observed cases of HA-MRSA occurred in the 1960’s. Since then, the overall proportion of staph bacteria that are methicillin resistant has increased over two-fold since 1992. (CDC 2013) In 2005, a conservative estimate of hospital patients that developed cases of invasive MRSA was close to 100,000; the number of fatalities was 20,000 deaths. The majority, or at least 65% of health care associated infections is attributed to MRSA. The mortality for hospital blood stream infections such as MRSA is 25% (Klevens et. al 2007).
Infection control is very important in the health care profession. Health care professionals, who do not practice proper infection control, allow themselves to become susceptible to a number of infections. Among the most dreaded of these infections are: hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Another infection which has more recently increased in prevalence is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These infections are all treated differently. Each infection has its own symptoms, classifications, and incubation periods. These infections are transmitted in very similar fashions, but they do not all target the same population.