Amplify and forward cooperative communication scheme is modeled using Stackelberg market framework, where
a relay is willing to sell its resources; power and bandwidth to multi-user in the system in order to maximize its
revenue. The relay determines the prices for relaying users’ information depending on its available resources and the
users’ demands. Subsequently, each user maximizes its own utility function by determining the optimum power and
the optimum bandwidth to buy from the relay. The utility function of the user is formulated as a joint concave function
of the power and the bandwidth. The existence and the uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium is investigated using the
exact potential game associated with the proposed utility function. The optimum solution (Nash equilibrium) can be
obtained in a centralized manner, which requires full knowledge of all the channel conditions and seems impractical.
Therefore, a distributed algorithm can be applied to obtain the solution with minimum information exchange between
the relay and the users. The convergence of the algorithm is investigated using the Jacobian matrix at the Nash
equilibrium. Furthermore, The optimum prices for the power and the bandwidth can also be obtained in a distributed
manner. Numerical simulations are used to verify the validation of the distributed algorithms.
Amplify and forward cooperative communication scheme is modeled using Stackelberg market framework, where
a relay is willing to sell its resources; power and bandwidth to multi-user in the system in order to maximize its
revenue. The relay determines the prices for relaying users’ information depending on its available resources and the
users’ demands. Subsequently, each user maximizes i...
... middle of paper ...
...er 6, 2006.
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Letters, IEEE, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 511 – 513, aug. 2004.
[31] H. N. Agiza, G.-I. Bischi, and M. Kopel, “A multistability in a dynamic cournot game with three oligopolists,” Mathematics and Computers
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[32] N. Feng, S.-C. Mau, and N. B. Mandayam, “Pricing and power control for joint network-centric and user-centric radio resource
management,” Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 1547 – 1557, sept. 2004.
Skyrms’ writing goes beyond traditional game theory, and exposes some weaknesses in its application. He rejects the theory’s traditional interpretation of rational actors and actions by discovering some glaring inconsistencies. Skyrms conducted a number of experiments using one-shot prisoners’ dilemmas. The ultimatum the author introduces in the first chapter serves as a simple example of a one-shot prisoners’ dilemma. In the initial form of the example, Skyrms proposes there is a cake that must be divided between two individuals. Each individual is looking to maximize his or her utility, and therefore, wants as much of the cake as possible. However, there is a third party, or what Skryms labels a “referee.” The two individuals must determine the percentage or portion of the cake they want and summit these requests to the referee. The percentages must not exceed 100%, or the referee will consume all the cake. It is therefore not in either parties’ best interest to request a significantly large portion. Additionally, if the total of the two requests is below 100% of the cake, the referee will take the left-over portion. The two parties will then aim to maximize their portion, however the best claim that an individual submits is dependent upon the other party’s claim. There are two interacting optimization problems (Skyrms 3, 4).
A distributed system is a collection of independent computers (nodes) that appears to its users as a single coherent
This pricing option will allow Atlantic to introduce a product that would compare with their competitions product. Atlantic’s main competition is Ontario Computer, Inc.’s Zinc server. The Tronn server will compete directly with Zinc, and with the collaboration of PESA will allow Tronn to perform up to four times fasters. In turn, a customer could possibly receive the same level of performance by buying one Tronn loaded with the PESA as compared to buy four of the Ontario Zinc server.
Another factor on the way to success on oligopoly market is understanding and using with advantage the game theory, in particular, prisoner’s dilemma. Game theory, a mathematical approach to strategic behavior, was stated by John von Neumann and Oscar Morgenstern in 1944 (Farris & Happel, 1987, p. 267). Game theory is useful in analyzing the actions in any strategic situation, from a game of chess to the pricing and output decisions of oligopoly firms where firms cooperate or conflict. The classic game is the prisoner’s dilemma:
Topic A (oligopoly) - "The ' An oligopoly is defined as "a market structure in which only a few sellers offer similar or identical products" (Gans, King and Mankiw 1999, pp.-334). Since there are only a few sellers, the actions of any one firm in an oligopolistic market can have a large impact on the profits of all the other firms. Due to this, all the firms in an oligopolistic market are interdependent on one another. This relationship between the few sellers is what differentiates oligopolies from perfect competition and monopolies.
Also, it requires a fast and secure communication to monitor real-time connection status to act as Energy Manager. [SANCHEZ]
User Communications. Dartmouth College, Department of Computing Services. "Computer and Network Policy." BlitzMail Bulletin. Wed, 15 Nov 2000 13:36:45.
A complete firm maximizes profit or minimizes loss in the short run by producing that output at which price or marginal revenue equals marginal cost, provided price exceeds minimum average v...
A user can provide computing abilities, like server time and network storage or require human interaction with the provider automatically
Sakellari, G., Morfopoulou, C., & Gelenbe, E. (2013). Investigating the tradeoffs between power consumption and quality of service in a backbone network. Future Internet, 5(2), 268. doi: 10.3390/fi5020268
As with all markets and their respective economies, having equilibrium is one of the key factors of a successful system. Although most markets do not reach equilibrium, they attempt at getting close. There are numerous methods devised to reach equilibrium, whether they involve human intervention directly or a cumulative decision by all factors involved. These factors may be a seller's willingness to lower overall revenue, or a buyer's willingness to withhold some demand for a certain product. Of course, the basics of supply and demand retrospectively control the equilibrium in the market.
peers. They may be attempting to gain the use of a more powerful computer, gain
During Nash’s time at Princeton, he worked on his equilibrium theory. In 1950 he earned a Ph.D. with a dissertation on non-cooperative games. This thesis contained what would later be recognized as the Nash Equilibrium. During the next few years he work...
The key changes taking place in the online industry in 1995 are the introduction of the Microsoft network and the coming of use of the Internet World Wide Web which offered alternative channels to content providers that provided more control over their offerings and potentially higher revenues. Microsoft Network took only a 30% commission fee (versus 80% taken by AOL from its content providers’ revenues) from its content providers and offered providers the option of choosing any format and font to display their content (versus the standard screen displays offered by AOL and its rivals). Also, the per-hour pricing policy offered by Microsoft was superior to AOL’s. With the development underway of a way to provide on-line currency collection, the World Wide Web offered huge incentives for providers to start publishing material on the internet by their own means without having to go through a middle-man such as an online provider. Both of these offerings do not bode well for AOL’s future prospects due to the huge incentives for customers and content providers to switch to these alternative distribution channels.
where f(x) = objective function, g(x) and h(x) are set of equality and inequality constraints respectively. The objective of the Economic Load Dispatch is to minimize the total operating cost of a power system by adjusting the power output of each of the generators connected to the grid, while satisfying the total load demand plus transmission losses within generator