1.2 Sender Authentication Speech is probably the most efficient way to communicate with each other. This also means that speech could be a useful interface to interact with machines Thus speech is one of the main features used by humans for person authentication. The other reason for the selection of these biometric are as follows- • The ease of collection of biometric data. • The sensors cost is very less. • Set up for data collection will not need any special arrangement. A Speech biometric system is essentially a pattern-recognition system that recognizes a person based on a feature vector derived from a specific physiological or behavioral characteristic that the person possesses [12][13]. Speaker recognition is the task of recognizing the speakers using their voices. …show more content…
Verification 2. Identification To perform there two function first need to enrollment process. Enrollment [16] - In the enrollment phase, as shown in Fig. (6) , a user's biometric data is presented to the authentication system for the _rst time. This analog data, depending on the biometric characteristic, then needs to be digitalized for further use. The result of this analog-digital conversion are so-called \enrollment samples". These samples are then preprocessed, features are extracted and the extracted features are then stored in databases. In most biometric authentication systems not just one but several data acquisitions are performed during the enrollment of a single user. With the help of several biometric sample magnitudes such as standard and mean deviations of biometric features can be calculated and thus a more representative sample can be calculated or boundaries can be generated for these features. Furthermore, the acquisition of several samples can be used to filter out the most stable features where deviation values are small. Thus common biometric authentication systems demand at least two or three biometric samples of a user during the enrollment
...e data from the camera is fed to the processing unit in a computer (PC). The raw data is processed and the heart rate and the PPG waveform are displayed on the screen.
In the first place, from our complex personalities, why focus on voice? According to Barbara McAfee, the voice is: “the way you sound when you speak or sing, an
(f) Spoof attacks and Template security: Spoof attack refers to the deliberate attempt to manipulate one’s biometric template in order to avoid recognition, or generate biometric artifacts in order to take someone’s identity. And still biometric systems are susceptible to attacked in a number of ways (Ratha et al., 2001). For example, a fingerprint recognition system can be circumvented by using fake or spoof fingers (Nandakumar et al., 2007, Nandakumar et al., 2007a). Behavioral traits like voice (Eriksson et al., 1997) and signature (Harrison et al., 1981) are more susceptible to such attacks than physiological traits. Security of biometric templates is also another critical issues in biometric systems. The stolen biometric template can be used to gain unauthorized access to the system (Adler, 2003, Cappelli et al., 2007, Ross et al., 2007).
By the 19th century, the criminology research scholars have had a keen interest in biometric identification, they hope to combine physical characteristics with criminal tendencies, which resulting in a series of measuring devices, and also collected a large amount of data. Since then, the concept of measuring a person's physical characteristics are finalized, fingerprints also become the identification of international methodological standards for public security agencies. People often debate whether fingerprints have absolutely unique, and also thought that the different countries have the different standard for identifying fingerprints. So far, it is still the most widely methods of public security organs, and the process is also automated.
Automatic speech recognition is the most successful and accurate of these applications. It is currently making a use of a technique called “shadowing” or sometimes called “voicewriting.” Rather than have the speaker’s speech directly transcribed by the system, a hearing person whose speech is well-trained to an ASR system repeats the words being spoken.
If a person's hearing or sight is impaired, body language and tone of voice will become more important.
In Malala Yousafzai’s speech titled Check Against Delivery, she states, “I raise up my voice – not so that I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard”. People all around the world are currently working in unimaginable conditions, creating products for companies and not even earning enough to live with basic needs. As Renato Kizito Sesana explains in the article entitled Exercise Your Moral Judgement Through the Way You Buy, the government and many companies are continually selling products to the American citizens made from people who don’t even have basic human rights. People should have an impact on slave labor issues, take corrective action to fix it, and realize that the government and many companies take advantage of people in order to make a profit. Acknowledging the United States Government's low moral standards is sickening to think about.
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
Biometric verification refers to an automatic verification of a person based on some specific biometric features derived from his/her physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. A palm print refers to an image acquired of the palm region of the hand. The biometric use of palm prints uses ridge patterns to identify an individual. It is rich in its features: principal lines, wrinkles, ridges, singular points and minutiae points.[1]
Speech is the common basic way we communication with each other. The development of voice biometrics is one that emerged to allow a user to input their voice into a computer system. It is a growing technology which provides security in computers. A speech recognition system is designed to assist the user to complete what that person wants to say versus having a person transcribe it. The first step in voice recognition is for the user to be trained and produce an actual voice sample. Through this process sounds, words or phrases are converted in electrical signals and then they are turned into a coding process by the system. The goal of voice recognition is to understand the human spoken voice.
I just wanted to send a friendly hello your way. I hope all is well and that you are having a well rested summer. My education is progressing nicely, as I anticipate I should be completed with my doctorate by June 2017. I have officially applied for the admin. credential program and should be done by June 2017 as well. I ended up not accepting the behavior specialist position at Desert Sands Unified. It was a difficult decision due to the fact I really liked all the team members however, I need to be a bit closer to home right now. I am hopeful a perfect position will open up in the future.
Biometric technology is used for the ways humans can be identified by unique aspects of their bodies, such as fingerprints, body odor, our voices and many more. If one was to think about privacy rights, he/she would be concerned about the widespread adoption of these systems, since such systems could easily be used to develop a record of known rebellious people and/or dangerous criminals, to be used for social control purposes. Although that may seem pretty good and a positive thing for the society, one should take into account of the defects and errors of technology. Of the many biometrics technologies that are being developed and are already developed, facial recognition is one of the most threatening because it can be deployed secretly; one may not know whether or when they can be caught in a surveillance camera for such facial recognition biometrics. Additionally, tests have found that the miscalculations for facial biometrics technologies are very high. As a result, according to Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, innocent people can be erroneously identified as dangerous criminals and actual dangerous criminals and/or suspected terrorists can fail to be detected overall, allowing for a huge injustice and unfairness. Privacy rights concerned with biometrics have sparked a concern and should be dealt with; otherwise, this is just one of the
Why exactly are faces important to us? Evolutionarily, faces have played a key role in survival - knowing whether an approaching face belongs to a friend or an enemy could very well be the difference between death and survival. Today, faces still remain to have a central role in human interaction. In fact, studies show faces to even have an effect on speech perception - according to the McGurk effect, there is a clear connection between what one sees and hears¹. In this study, a video is shown of someone repeatedly pronouncing a one-syllable sound, such as “ba.” After a moment, the visual is switched to an identical clip, but this time the person is saying “va.” Although the audio still remains as “ba,” the visual will confuse the subject’s brain into thinking that she actually is now hearing “va.” CITE. A third essential factor of face perception is its way of communicating social information such as physical attributes (age, gender, identity), facial expressions (mood and emotional state) and interest or attention (direction of gaze)².
As one of the feature of biometric, signature verification is used to find the authenticity of a person to give the access the most valued and important documents and shelf. Firstly the signature of a person are taken as a reference in database. To generate the database, number of attempts from the same person has been taken, as it would permit minute deviations in signatures that generates due to environmental conditions. Once it is done, then the signatures at other times are every time then verified with the existing database. Because of confidentially of the file/document/transaction giving access is the crucial process that should be monitored with perfection. The same happens with offline signature verification. Computerized process and verification algorithm (thus software) takes fully care of signature under test, generate results that are 100% authentic, and advocates credibility of the concerned person .However, there might raise issue of authenticity even if the same person performs the signature. Or, at times a forge person may duplicate the exact signature. Many research have been done to find the accuracy of result so as to prevent from forgery. Forgery is also divided into different categories depending upon their severity as
Speech sounds can be defined as those that belong to a language and convey meaning. While the distinction of such sounds from other auditory stimuli such as the slamming of a door comes easily, it is not immediately clear why this should be the case. It was initially thought that speech was processed in a phoneme-by-phoneme fashion; however, this theory became discredited due to the development of technology that produces spectrograms of speech. Research using spectrograms in an attempt to identify invariant features of formant frequency patterns for each phoneme have revealed several problems with this theory, including a lack of invariance in phoneme production, assimilation of phonemes, and the segmentation problem. An alternative theory was developed based on evidence of categorical perception of phonemes: Liberman’s Motor Theory of Speech Perception rests on the postulation that speech sounds are recognised through identification of how the sounds are produced. He proposed that as well as a general auditory processing module there is a separate module for speech recognition, which makes use of an internal model of articulatory gestures. However, while this theory initially appeared to account for some of the features of speech perception, it has since been subject to major criticism, and other models have been put forward, such as Massaro’s fuzzy logic model of perception.