In the early 19th century, scientists all over the world began to study light and colors. In the beginning, not much was known about colors and what caused certain shades to appear. It wasn’t until 1859 when two German scientists created the foundation for the study of spectroscopy and colors (Historical Introduction to Spectroscopy).
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen grew a fascination with light when he first observed that certain colors were emitted when chemicals were burned under his flame lamp invention, the Bunsen Burner (Scratch). Why did some chemicals create a bright yellow flame, while other chemicals created an intense red color flame? In 1854, he teamed up with German scientist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff to help find a reasoning behind this phenomenon (Scratch). Kirchoff suggested to take the light from the flame, and shoot it through a prism. Together they found that the prism would separate the light into a spectrum of different colors (Spectroscopy). Through the use of Bunsen’s flame and a prism, the two scientists were able to create the spectroscope (Scratch).
In 1859, Bunsen and Kirchoff made an important discovery that would revolutionize the study of spectroscopy and elements (Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff). They noticed that each element had their own unique signature of colors. With this information, scientists could now find new elements. Prior to this time, the first 50 elements were discovered through “electrolysis” or “were products of chemical reactions” (Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff). With the spectroscope, if a chemical displays a new set of spectral lines never seen before, the chemical was composed of undiscovered new elements. This created a new race to discover new elements.
A year later, Bunsen an...
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Historical Introduction to Spectroscopy. (n.d.). Australia Telescope National Facility. Retrieved May 21, 2014, from http://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/astrophysics/spectro_history.html
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff. (n.d.). Chemical Heritage Foundation. Retrieved May 20, 2014, from http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/the-path-to-the-periodic-table/bunsen-and-kirchhoff.aspx
Scratch, L. (n.d.). Robert Bunsen. Chemistry Explained. Retrieved May 21, 2014, from http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Bo-Ce/Bunsen-Robert.html#b
Spectroscopy. (n.d.). Zoom Astronomy Glossary. Retrieved May 21, 2014, from http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/glossary/spectroscopy.shtml
The Element Rubidium. (n.d.). It's Elemental. Retrieved May 21, 2014, from http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele037.html
We started the research primarily on the internet as we found a lot of informative sites we also confirmed the information using books. The books and sites used were www.technicolor.com, www.widescreenmuseum.com/oldcolor/technicolor1.htm and www.imdb.com. The books are as follows, Glorious Technicolor: the movies' magic rainbow / Fred E. Basten. Barnes, 1980 and Mr. Technicolor / Herbert T. Kalmus with Eleanore King Kalmus.
The basic principle of the spectrophotometeric technique is the measurement of interaction between energy and electrons of the substance. Spectrophotometric technique is an analytical method used for estimating concentration of metal ion in liquid solution. One of the most magnificent effects of complex formation is the change of spectral properties. The reason for light absorption by complexes are as follows.
A spectrum is a group of light wavelengths that are ordered in relation to their wavelength length. The electromagnetic spectrum consists radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. (1)Specifically, this lab looks at the visible light part of the spectrum because one of the colors in the visible light spectrum is shine through the sample. The visible light spectrum consists of colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The color chosen to be shine through the sample is affected by the color of sample when mixed with the indicator Ammonium Vanadomolybdate (AMV). The color on the color wheel that is opposite of the solution’s color is the color that is shined through the
middle of paper ... ... The Web. 22 Feb. 2014. http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history>.
We all know the saying, “Don’t judge a book by it’s cover.” Similarly, every element in the periodic table has its’ own story and its’ own unique meaning. However, the average high schooler simply associates these elements as something used in their chemistry classes. In fact, the elements seen on the periodic table actually have much more to do in our daily lives and in history than most people know. While giving a whole new perspective to the meaning of Chemistry, author Sam Kean successfully recounts the hidden tales through humor and wit in his bestselling novel The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of Elements. Specifically, Chapter 15, “An Element of Madness,” addresses the lives of several “mad scientists” associated with selenium, manganese, palladium, barium, and roentgenium that ultimately led to their downfall.
Scientific discoveries never come from nowhere. In a letter to Robert Hooke, Isaac newton said “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” What he meant by that was that all of his discoveries were based upon earlier ones. This is true for all discoveries. Everything we know today, we know because someone before us discovered something that led to our modern discoveries. Before that person was another, and another, and another. In 1813, a man named Joseph von Fraunhofer discovered strange lines in the spectrum coming from a prism. He was building on the optical work of Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton. His discovery would later lead to the work of men such as Robert Bunsen and Niels Bohr. The discovery of Fraunhofer lines was based on earlier work in the field of optics, and lead to many discoveries in astronomy, chemistry, and physics.
2, Alter Dinsmore, Cleminshaw H. Clarence, Philips G John. Pictorial Astronomy. United States: Sidney Feinberg, 1963.
This chemistry book report is focus on a book called “Napoleon's buttons: How 17 molecules changed history” by Penny Le Couteur and Jay Burreson. The publisher of this book is Tarcher Putnam, the book was published in Canada on 2003 with 17 chapters (hey the number match the title of the book!) and a total of 378 pages. The genre of this book is nonfiction. “Napoleon's Buttons” contain a fascinating story of seventeen groups of molecules that have greatly changed the course of history and continuing affect the world we live in today. It also reveal the astonishing chemical connection among some unrelated events, for example: Chemistry caused New Amsterdamers to be renamed New Yorkers and one little accident of detonating cotton apron in a minor housekeeping mishap lead to the development of modern explosives and the founding of the movie industry.
Williams, B. 1999. A History of Light and Lighting. [online] Available at: http://www.mts.net/~william5/history/hol.htm [Accessed: 5 Jan 2014].
When shown a colour spectrum besides blue and purple, Dalton was only able to recognise one other colour, yellow. Or as he says?that part of the image which others call red appears to me little more than a shade or deflect of light. After that the orange, yellow and green seem one colour which descends pretty uniformly from an intense to a rare yellow, making what I should call different shades of yellow. In 1801 he argued that the atmosphere was filled with mechanical gases and that the chemical reactions between the nitrogen and oxygen played no part in the atmosphere?s construction. To prove this, he conducted a lot of experiments on the solubility of gases in water.
In 1704 Newton actually composed the book on the refraction of light. Jazzily titled "Opticks," the work changed the way we consider light and color. Researchers of the day realized that rainbows formed when the light was refracted and reflected in raindrops, however, they didn 't know why rainbows were so beautiful. At the point when Newton initially started his studies at Cambridge, the normal theory was that the water some way or another colored the sun 's beams distinctive colors. Utilizing a light and a crystal, Newton tested by running white light through a crystal to separate it into a rainbow of colors. The crystal trick was nothing new, The crystal trick was nothing new. By mirroring the scattered pillars into another crystal, however, Newton reformed them back into the white light, proving that the colors were a characteristic of the light
Thickett, Geoffrey. Chemistry 2: HSC course. N/A ed. Vol. 1. Milton: John Wiley & Sons Australia, 2006. 94-108. 1 vols. Print.
However Spectroscopy is not a recent development, as it has been utilized for many years since Isaac Newton made the first advances in 1666. Spectroscopy is the study of light as a function of wavelength that has been emitted, reflected or scattered from a solid, liquid, or gas. Fundamentals of Spectroscopy Spectroscopy is the distribution of electromagnetic energy as a function of wavelength. Spectrum is basically white light dispersed by a prism to produce a rainbow of colours; the rainbow is the spectrum of sunlight refracted through raindrops. All objects with temperatures above absolute zero emit electromagnetic radiation by virtue of their warmth alone; this radiation is emitted at increasingly shorter wavelengths as temperature is increased.
In order to investigate the history of photogrammetry, one must first define exactly what photogrammetry means. According to the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, photogrammetry is the: “art, science, and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment, through processes of recording, measuring, and interpreting images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant energy and other phenomena” (ASPRS,2010).
The era of radio telescopes along with radio astronomy begun with Karl Guthe Jansky's discovery of an astronomical radio source in 1931. In the 20th century, many types of telescopes were developed for a wide range of wavelengths from radio to gamma-rays. (infrared telescopes--700 nm/ 0.7 µm - 1000 µm/1 mm, ultra-violet teles...