The real-time implementation of speaker recognition technology involves multiple application-specific tradeoffs such as cost, performance, robustness, enrolment procedures, time for training, adaptability, response time, etc.[2]. Since database sizes for the real-world recognition tasks are ever-increasing, the large population speaker recognition systems pose the challenges like large training time, vast memory requirements and poor response time [3]. Thought the accuracy is always the first consideration, efficient recognition and adaptability are also significant aspects in many real-world speaker recognition systems under large-scale data conditions. This motivates to investigate the new methods in various stages which are involved in a typical speaker recognition system. The typical speaker recognition process mainly consists of two phases, namely; training (also known as enrolment) and identification [4]. The enrolment stage collects the speaker-specific information of speech signal in a chronological mode to develop speaker models. The cluster of such models in turn establishes the speaker database for the later test phase. During the identification phase, an anonymous speaker model is compared with the existing database and then the results are expedited. In fact, both the phases comprises of the feature extraction which transforms the raw speech signal into a compact but effectual representation that is comparatively more stable and discriminative than the original signal. A typical speaker recognition system comprises of the following phases: feature extraction, dimensionality reduction and classification [3]. In this work, in view of development of the effective large-scale recognition system, state-of-the-art met... ... middle of paper ... ...nducted experiments by the combinations of different dimensionality reduction techniques that are chosen. Though the proposed algorithms are not strictly novel, the approaches are very efficient for large datasets in the classification tasks such as pattern and speech recognitions. This work demonstrates the original contributions of interest in the field of large-scale speaker recognition systems. The following section gives a brief description of feature extraction from excitation source information. Section III describes the computation methods of MPCA, PFA and MLFA dimensionality reduction techniques. Section IV briefly outlined four SVM training algorithms suitable to large-scale data. In section V, the experimental results are summarized and made performance comparison. The last section concludes the findings and proposes the directions for future scope.
“There's nothing more debilitating about a disability than the way people treat you over it.” (Solange Nicole). In the film ‘Radio’, a football coach named Jones befriends a disabled student nicknamed Radio despite the outrage of other people, who ended up showing that the social issue of ‘Radio’ is discriminating against people who have disabilities. “Radio” is a hard-hitting film that effectively demonstrated people’s prejudices, due to the fact that the main character Radio is locked in a shed, manipulated into going into the girl’s locker room, and arrested for no explanation other than the fact that he’s disabled.
Dear Butler, after reading your story “Speech Sounds”, made a positive and great impression on me which are unexplainable and reminisced over the events while I had in my childhood.
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
Biometric and encryption sounds are not too fresh, for most users, any of each technology alone is not enough to make you feel excitement. However, If we develop a new study or a new technology, which combine the biometrics and encryption. We can find that the technology combining these two techniques are very amazing.
Impassioned orators provoke a strengthen desire for peaceful resolution to a situation that has previously aroused hostility. Two prominent Australians who achieved this are Noel Pearson’s speech ‘An Australian history for all of us’ and Paul Keating’s ‘Redfern Speech’. Both speeches portray the lack of national identity through the unjust treatment of the history of Aboriginal Australians. They also provoke a profound desire to resolve injustice due to one’s realisation of the amounting necessity for change to achieve a more harmonious and socially just society. This is to unite and unify the audience therefore encompassing a better future.
In book II of the odyssey Telemachus is about to start his journey to find his father. In lines 49-85 Telemachus is beginning to give his speech during the assembly. In this speech he is trying to get some people to help him on his voyage to find his dad. For the simple fact that everything is falling apart because Telemachus mother has attracted suitors. Also Telemachus knows his family doesn’t know how to defend themselves. Although it may seem as if Telemachus words aren’t registering to the people, they are really taking his words into consideration.
Imagine living during the 1960’s when the nation was divided by segregation. The only way to express your ideas, beliefs, and thoughts during that time was through words. Famous Civil Rights activists such as, Dr.Martin Luther King Jr., inspired many with his wise words and empowering speeches. Times when many felt unheard or invisible, words were there as tranquilness and an ataraxia. Words have the power to provoke, calm, or inspire by motivating others to take action in what they believe in.
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
For the informative speech I chose to inform my audience about Muncie Indiana. I did this topic to get the attention of ball state students, and make them realize what an awesome place Muncie Indiana really is. I informed them on the history of Muncie to hopefully encourage them to get more involved in the community outside of classes. I feel that the students learned a lot about Muncie they would have never known. I do believe could have done a better job at making in more intriguing and kept their attention all the way through my speech. If I would have done this better I would have been able to sale the idea getting more involved with the city that brought thousands of students their college education.
When Maxwell Smart first whipped out his shoe phone in 1965, everyone saw an act of pure movie magic. Back in the mid to late 1900s everybody had the same idea of the future. Everyone pictured the future as talking robots (Siri), computerized pocket-sized dictionaries (smart-phones), hovering devices (drones), and much more. Today, everyone thinks of these technologies as commonalities. Most of these current devices have a valuable impact, while few create debatable issues. The company NGI has a system that will revolutionize the field of biometric facial recognition. In the article titled Embracing Big Brother: How Facial Recognition Could Help Fight Crime, author Jim Stenman says, "The mission is to reduce terrorist and criminal activity by improving and expanding biometric identification as well as criminal history information s...
[2] Kresimir Delac, Mislav Grgic, Sonja Grgic. (2006). Independent comparative Study of PCA, ICA and LDA on the FERET data Set. Wiley periodicals,Inc. vol15,p252-260.
The term biometrics is commonly known as the field of development of statistical and mathematical methods applicable to data analysis problems in the biological sciences. Though, even more recently it has taken on a whole new definition. Biometrics is an amazing new topic referring to “the emerging field of technology devoted to the identification of individuals using biological traits, based on retinal or iris scanning, fingerprints, or face recognition”. Biometrics has already begun using applications that range from attendance tracking with a time clock to security checkpoints with a large volume of people. The growing field of biometrics has really been put on the map by two things, the technological advances made within the last 20 years, and the growing risk of security and terrorism among people all over the world. In this paper I will focus on: the growing field of biometrics, why it is important to our future, how the United States government has played a role in its development and use, the risks involved, the implications on public privacy, and further recommendations received from all over the science and technology field.
At the beginning of the Twenty-First century we are experiencing an informational revolution. The whole business world is changing as a result of new technology, including new ways of entering data into computer systems. Gone are the days of spending long hours in front of a computer typing word processing documents and emails or punching numbers into a phone. Voice recognitions systems are at the forefront of data-entry technology. Through voice recognition systems and voice interfaces, users can input data into a computer, retrieve data from a computer, and direct the processing of computers simply by speaking a few simple commands. The systems then use speech synthesis, or the computerized deconstruction of words based on common language patterns, to encode and decode the instructions before routing them to the computers. Telephony systems are one type of voice recognition system that incorporate the telephone as some part of the system (voicewizard.com). The dawn of the voice recognition systems era promises to make life easier for users in the future.
A speaker independent system is developed to operate for any speaker of a particular type like American English, or any other kind of English Language. These systems are the most difficult to develop, most expensive and accuracy is lower than speaker dependent systems. However, they are more flexible.
Speech sounds can be defined as those that belong to a language and convey meaning. While the distinction of such sounds from other auditory stimuli such as the slamming of a door comes easily, it is not immediately clear why this should be the case. It was initially thought that speech was processed in a phoneme-by-phoneme fashion; however, this theory became discredited due to the development of technology that produces spectrograms of speech. Research using spectrograms in an attempt to identify invariant features of formant frequency patterns for each phoneme have revealed several problems with this theory, including a lack of invariance in phoneme production, assimilation of phonemes, and the segmentation problem. An alternative theory was developed based on evidence of categorical perception of phonemes: Liberman’s Motor Theory of Speech Perception rests on the postulation that speech sounds are recognised through identification of how the sounds are produced. He proposed that as well as a general auditory processing module there is a separate module for speech recognition, which makes use of an internal model of articulatory gestures. However, while this theory initially appeared to account for some of the features of speech perception, it has since been subject to major criticism, and other models have been put forward, such as Massaro’s fuzzy logic model of perception.